import argparse
from datetime import datetime
import logging
import random
from apache_beam import DoFn, GroupByKey, io, ParDo, Pipeline, PTransform, WindowInto, WithKeys
from apache_beam.options.pipeline_options import PipelineOptions
from apache_beam.transforms.window import FixedWindows
class GroupMessagesByFixedWindows(PTransform):
"""A composite transform that groups Pub/Sub messages based on publish time
and outputs a list of tuples, each containing a message and its publish time.
"""
def __init__(self, window_size, num_shards=5):
# Set window size to 60 seconds.
self.window_size = int(window_size * 60)
self.num_shards = num_shards
def expand(self, pcoll):
return (
pcoll
# Bind window info to each element using element timestamp (or publish time).
| "Window into fixed intervals"
>> WindowInto(FixedWindows(self.window_size))
| "Add timestamp to windowed elements" >> ParDo(AddTimestamp())
# Assign a random key to each windowed element based on the number of shards.
| "Add key" >> WithKeys(lambda _: random.randint(0, self.num_shards - 1))
# Group windowed elements by key. All the elements in the same window must fit
# memory for this. If not, you need to use `beam.util.BatchElements`.
| "Group by key" >> GroupByKey()
)
class AddTimestamp(DoFn):
def process(self, element, publish_time=DoFn.TimestampParam):
"""Processes each windowed element by extracting the message body and its
publish time into a tuple.
"""
yield (
element.decode("utf-8"),
datetime.utcfromtimestamp(float(publish_time)).strftime(
"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f"
),
)
class WriteToGCS(DoFn):
def __init__(self, output_path):
self.output_path = output_path
def process(self, key_value, window=DoFn.WindowParam):
"""Write messages in a batch to Google Cloud Storage."""
ts_format = "%H:%M"
window_start = window.start.to_utc_datetime().strftime(ts_format)
window_end = window.end.to_utc_datetime().strftime(ts_format)
shard_id, batch = key_value
filename = "-".join([self.output_path, window_start, window_end, str(shard_id)])
with io.gcsio.GcsIO().open(filename=filename, mode="w") as f:
for message_body, publish_time in batch:
f.write(f"{message_body},{publish_time}\n".encode("utf-8"))
def run(input_topic, output_path, window_size=1.0, num_shards=5, pipeline_args=None):
# Set `save_main_session` to True so DoFns can access globally imported modules.
pipeline_options = PipelineOptions(
pipeline_args, streaming=True, save_main_session=True
)
with Pipeline(options=pipeline_options) as pipeline:
(
pipeline
# Because `timestamp_attribute` is unspecified in `ReadFromPubSub`, Beam
# binds the publish time returned by the Pub/Sub server for each message
# to the element's timestamp parameter, accessible via `DoFn.TimestampParam`.
# https://beam.apache.org/releases/pydoc/current/apache_beam.io.gcp.pubsub.html#apache_beam.io.gcp.pubsub.ReadFromPubSub
| "Read from Pub/Sub" >> io.ReadFromPubSub(topic=input_topic)
| "Window into" >> GroupMessagesByFixedWindows(window_size, num_shards)
| "Write to GCS" >> ParDo(WriteToGCS(output_path))
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(
"--input_topic",
help="The Cloud Pub/Sub topic to read from."
'"projects/<PROJECT_ID>/topics/<TOPIC_ID>".',
)
parser.add_argument(
"--window_size",
type=float,
default=1.0,
help="Output file's window size in minutes.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--output_path",
help="Path of the output GCS file including the prefix.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--num_shards",
type=int,
default=5,
help="Number of shards to use when writing windowed elements to GCS.",
)
known_args, pipeline_args = parser.parse_known_args()
run(
known_args.input_topic,
known_args.output_path,
known_args.window_size,
known_args.num_shards,
pipeline_args,
)
