使用 API 密钥访问 API

本页面介绍了如何使用 API 密钥访问 Google Cloud API 和接受 API 密钥的服务。

并非所有 Google Cloud API 都接受 API 密钥来授权使用。查看您要使用的服务或 API 的文档，以确定它是否接手 API 密钥。

如需了解如何创建和管理 API 密钥（包括限制 API 密钥），请参阅管理 API 密钥。

如需了解如何将 API 密钥与 Google Maps Platform 搭配使用，请参阅 Google Maps Platform 文档。如需详细了解 API Keys API，请参阅 API Keys API 文档。

准备工作

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

C#

如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 .NET 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

Install the Google Cloud CLI.
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
```
gcloud init
```
If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
```
gcloud auth application-default login
```
You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

Google Cloud

C++

如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 C++ 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

Install the Google Cloud CLI.
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
```
gcloud init
```
If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
```
gcloud auth application-default login
```
You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置 ADC。

Go

如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Go 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

Install the Google Cloud CLI.
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
```
gcloud init
```
If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
```
gcloud auth application-default login
```
You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

Google Cloud

Node.js

如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Node.js 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

Install the Google Cloud CLI.
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
```
gcloud init
```
If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
```
gcloud auth application-default login
```
You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

Google Cloud

Python

如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Python 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

Install the Google Cloud CLI.
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
```
gcloud init
```
If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
```
gcloud auth application-default login
```
You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

Google Cloud

REST

如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例，请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭据。

Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:

gcloud init

如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的使用 REST 时进行身份验证。

将 API 密钥与 REST 搭配使用

如需在 REST API 调用中添加 API 密钥，请使用 x-goog-api-key HTML 标头，如以下示例所示：

curl -X POST \
    -H "X-goog-api-key: API_KEY" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://translation.googleapis.com/language/translate/v2"

如果您无法使用 HTML 标头，可以使用 key 查询参数。不过，此方法会在网址中包含您的 API 密钥，从而使您的密钥容易遭到网址扫描的窃取。

以下示例展示了如何将 key 查询参数与针对 documents.analyzeEntities 的 Cloud Natural Language API 请求搭配使用。将 API_KEY 替换为您的 API 密钥的密钥字符串。

POST https://language.googleapis.com/v1/documents:analyzeEntities?key=API_KEY

将 API 密钥与客户端库搭配使用

此示例使用接受 API 密钥的 Cloud Natural Language API 来演示如何向库提供 API 密钥。

C#

如需运行此示例，您必须安装 Natural Language 客户端库。


using Google.Cloud.Language.V1;
using System;

public class UseApiKeySample
{
    public void AnalyzeSentiment(string apiKey)
    {
        LanguageServiceClient client = new LanguageServiceClientBuilder
        {
            ApiKey = apiKey
        }.Build();

        string text = "Hello, world!";

        AnalyzeSentimentResponse response = client.AnalyzeSentiment(Document.FromPlainText(text));
        Console.WriteLine($"Text: {text}");
        Sentiment sentiment = response.DocumentSentiment;
        Console.WriteLine($"Sentiment: {sentiment.Score}, {sentiment.Magnitude}");
        Console.WriteLine("Successfully authenticated using the API key");
    }
}

C++

如需运行此示例，您必须安装 Natural Language 客户端库。

#include "google/cloud/language/v1/language_client.h"
#include "google/cloud/credentials.h"
#include "google/cloud/options.h"

void AuthenticateWithApiKey(std::vector<std::string> const& argv) {
  if (argv.size() != 2) {
    throw google::cloud::testing_util::Usage{
        "authenticate-with-api-key <project-id> <api-key>"};
  }
  namespace gc = ::google::cloud;
  auto options = gc::Options{}.set<gc::UnifiedCredentialsOption>(
      gc::MakeApiKeyCredentials(argv[1]));
  auto client = gc::language_v1::LanguageServiceClient(
      gc::language_v1::MakeLanguageServiceConnection(options));

  auto constexpr kText = "Hello, world!";

  google::cloud::language::v1::Document d;
  d.set_content(kText);
  d.set_type(google::cloud::language::v1::Document::PLAIN_TEXT);

  auto response = client.AnalyzeSentiment(d, {});
  if (!response) throw std::move(response.status());
  auto const& sentiment = response->document_sentiment();
  std::cout << "Text: " << kText << "\n";
  std::cout << "Sentiment: " << sentiment.score() << ", "
            << sentiment.magnitude() << "\n";
  std::cout << "Successfully authenticated using the API key\n";
}

Go

如需运行此示例，您必须安装 Natural Language 客户端库。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	language "cloud.google.com/go/language/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/language/apiv1/languagepb"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

// authenticateWithAPIKey authenticates with an API key for Google Language
// service.
func authenticateWithAPIKey(w io.Writer, apiKey string) error {
	// apiKey := "api-key-string"

	ctx := context.Background()

	// Initialize the Language Service client and set the API key.
	client, err := language.NewClient(ctx, option.WithAPIKey(apiKey))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	text := "Hello, world!"
	// Make a request to analyze the sentiment of the text.
	res, err := client.AnalyzeSentiment(ctx, &languagepb.AnalyzeSentimentRequest{
		Document: &languagepb.Document{
			Source: &languagepb.Document_Content{
				Content: text,
			},
			Type: languagepb.Document_PLAIN_TEXT,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("AnalyzeSentiment: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Text: %s\n", text)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Sentiment score: %v\n", res.DocumentSentiment.Score)
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Successfully authenticated using the API key.")

	return nil
}

Node.js

如需运行此示例，您必须安装 Natural Language 客户端库。


const {
  v1: {LanguageServiceClient},
} = require('@google-cloud/language');

/**
 * Authenticates with an API key for Google Language service.
 *
 * @param {string} apiKey An API Key to use
 */
async function authenticateWithAPIKey(apiKey) {
  const language = new LanguageServiceClient({apiKey});

  // Alternatively:
  // const {GoogleAuth} = require('google-auth-library');
  // const auth = new GoogleAuth({apiKey});
  // const language = new LanguageServiceClient({auth});

  const text = 'Hello, world!';

  const [response] = await language.analyzeSentiment({
    document: {
      content: text,
      type: 'PLAIN_TEXT',
    },
  });

  console.log(`Text: ${text}`);
  console.log(
    `Sentiment: ${response.documentSentiment.score}, ${response.documentSentiment.magnitude}`
  );
  console.log('Successfully authenticated using the API key');
}

authenticateWithAPIKey();

Python

如需运行此示例，您必须安装 Natural Language 客户端库。


from google.cloud import language_v1


def authenticate_with_api_key(api_key_string: str) -> None:
    """
    Authenticates with an API key for Google Language service.

    TODO(Developer): Replace this variable before running the sample.

    Args:
        api_key_string: The API key to authenticate to the service.
    """

    # Initialize the Language Service client and set the API key
    client = language_v1.LanguageServiceClient(
        client_options={"api_key": api_key_string}
    )

    text = "Hello, world!"
    document = language_v1.Document(
        content=text, type_=language_v1.Document.Type.PLAIN_TEXT
    )

    # Make a request to analyze the sentiment of the text.
    sentiment = client.analyze_sentiment(
        request={"document": document}
    ).document_sentiment

    print(f"Text: {text}")
    print(f"Sentiment: {sentiment.score}, {sentiment.magnitude}")
    print("Successfully authenticated using the API key")

当您在应用中使用 API 密钥时，请确保其在存储和传输期间均安全无虞。公开泄露 API 密钥可能会导致您的账号产生意外费用。如需了解详情，请参阅管理 API 密钥的最佳实践。

后续步骤

大致了解身份验证方法。
详细了解 API 密钥 API。