Method: backendServices.insert

Creates a BackendService resource in the specified project using the data included in the request. There are several restrictions and guidelines to keep in mind when creating a backend service. Read Restrictions and Guidelines for more information.

HTTP request

POST https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/{project}/global/backendServices

The URL uses gRPC Transcoding syntax.

Path parameters

Parameters
project

string

Project ID for this request.

Query parameters

Parameters
requestId

string

An optional request ID to identify requests. Specify a unique request ID so that if you must retry your request, the server will know to ignore the request if it has already been completed.

For example, consider a situation where you make an initial request and the request times out. If you make the request again with the same request ID, the server can check if original operation with the same request ID was received, and if so, will ignore the second request. This prevents clients from accidentally creating duplicate commitments.

The request ID must be a valid UUID with the exception that zero UUID is not supported (00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000).

Request body

The request body contains data with the following structure:

JSON representation 
{
  "id": string,
  "creationTimestamp": string,
  "name": string,
  "description": string,
  "selfLink": string,
  "backends": [
    {
      "description": string,
      "group": string,
      "balancingMode": enum,
      "maxUtilization": number,
      "maxRate": number,
      "maxRatePerInstance": number,
      "maxRatePerEndpoint": number,
      "maxConnections": number,
      "maxConnectionsPerInstance": number,
      "maxConnectionsPerEndpoint": number,
      "capacityScaler": number
    }
  ],
  "healthChecks": [
    string
  ],
  "timeoutSec": number,
  "port": number,
  "protocol": enum,
  "fingerprint": string,
  "portName": string,
  "enableCDN": boolean,
  "sessionAffinity": enum,
  "affinityCookieTtlSec": number,
  "region": string,
  "loadBalancingScheme": enum,
  "connectionDraining": {
    "drainingTimeoutSec": number
  },
  "iap": {
    "enabled": boolean,
    "oauth2ClientId": string,
    "oauth2ClientSecret": string,
    "oauth2ClientSecretSha256": string
  },
  "cdnPolicy": {
    "cacheKeyPolicy": ,
    "signedUrlKeyNames": [
      string
    ],
    "signedUrlCacheMaxAgeSec": string
  },
  "customRequestHeaders": [
    string
  ],
  "securityPolicy": string,
  "localityLbPolicy": enum,
  "consistentHash": {
    "httpCookie": ,
    "httpHeaderName": string,
    "minimumRingSize": string
  },
  "circuitBreakers": {
    "maxRequestsPerConnection": number,
    "maxConnections": number,
    "maxPendingRequests": number,
    "maxRequests": number,
    "maxRetries": number
  },
  "outlierDetection": {
    "consecutiveErrors": number,
    "interval": ,
    "baseEjectionTime": ,
    "maxEjectionPercent": number,
    "enforcingConsecutiveErrors": number,
    "enforcingSuccessRate": number,
    "successRateMinimumHosts": number,
    "successRateRequestVolume": number,
    "successRateStdevFactor": number,
    "consecutiveGatewayFailure": number,
    "enforcingConsecutiveGatewayFailure": number
  },
  "kind": string
}
Fields
id

string (fixed64 format)

[Output Only] The unique identifier for the resource. This identifier is defined by the server.

creationTimestamp

string

[Output Only] Creation timestamp in RFC3339 text format.

name

string

Name of the resource. Provided by the client when the resource is created. The name must be 1-63 characters long, and comply with RFC1035. Specifically, the name must be 1-63 characters long and match the regular expression [a-z]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])? which means the first character must be a lowercase letter, and all following characters must be a dash, lowercase letter, or digit, except the last character, which cannot be a dash.

description

string

An optional description of this resource. Provide this property when you create the resource.

backends[]

object

The list of backends that serve this BackendService.

backends[].description

string

An optional description of this resource. Provide this property when you create the resource.

backends[].group

string

The fully-qualified URL of an instance group or network endpoint group (NEG) resource. The type of backend that a backend service supports depends on the backend service's loadBalancingScheme.

  • When the loadBalancingScheme for the backend service is EXTERNAL, INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED, or INTERNAL_MANAGED, the backend can be either an instance group or a NEG. The backends on the backend service must be either all instance groups or all NEGs. You cannot mix instance group and NEG backends on the same backend service.
  • When the loadBalancingScheme for the backend service is INTERNAL, the backend must be an instance group in the same region as the backend service. NEGs are not supported.

You must use the fully-qualified URL (starting with https://www.googleapis.com/) to specify the instance group or NEG. Partial URLs are not supported.

Authorization requires one or more of the following Google IAM permissions on the specified resource group:

  • compute.instanceGroups.use
  • compute.networkEndpointGroups.use
backends[].balancingMode

enum

Specifies the balancing mode for the backend.

When choosing a balancing mode, you need to consider the loadBalancingScheme, and protocol for the backend service, as well as the type of backend (instance group or NEG).

  • If the load balancing mode is CONNECTION, then the load is spread based on how many concurrent connections the backend can handle.

    You can use the CONNECTION balancing mode if the protocol for the backend service is SSL, TCP, or UDP.

    If the loadBalancingScheme for the backend service is EXTERNAL (SSL Proxy and TCP Proxy load balancers), you must also specify exactly one of the following parameters: maxConnections, maxConnectionsPerInstance, or maxConnectionsPerEndpoint.

    If the loadBalancingScheme for the backend service is INTERNAL (internal TCP/UDP load balancers), you cannot specify any additional parameters.

  • If the load balancing mode is RATE, the load is spread based on the rate of HTTP requests per second (RPS).

    You can use the RATE balancing mode if the protocol for the backend service is HTTP or HTTPS. You must specify exactly one of the following parameters: maxRate, maxRatePerInstance, or maxRatePerEndpoint.

  • If the load balancing mode is UTILIZATION, the load is spread based on the CPU utilization of instances in an instance group.

    You can use the UTILIZATION balancing mode if the loadBalancingScheme of the backend service is EXTERNAL, INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED, or INTERNAL_MANAGED and the backends are instance groups. There are no restrictions on the backend service protocol.
backends[].maxUtilization

number

Defines the maximum average CPU utilization of a backend VM in an instance group. The valid range is [0.0, 1.0]. This is an optional parameter if the backend's balancingMode is UTILIZATION.

This parameter can be used in conjunction with maxRate, maxRatePerInstance, maxConnections, or maxConnectionsPerInstance.
backends[].maxRate

number

The max requests per second (RPS) of the group. Can be used with either RATE or UTILIZATION balancing modes, but required if RATE mode. For RATE mode, either maxRate or maxRatePerInstance must be set.

This cannot be used for internal load balancing.
backends[].maxRatePerInstance

number

Defines a maximum target for requests per second (RPS) for a single VM in a backend instance group. This is multiplied by the number of instances in the instance group to implicitly calculate a target maximum rate for the whole instance group.

If the backend's balancingMode is UTILIZATION, this is an optional parameter. If the backend's balancingMode is RATE, you must specify either this parameter, maxRate, or maxRatePerEndpoint.

Not available if the backend's balancingMode is CONNECTION.
backends[].maxRatePerEndpoint

number

Defines a maximum target for requests per second (RPS) for an endpoint of a NEG. This is multiplied by the number of endpoints in the NEG to implicitly calculate a target maximum rate for the NEG.

If the backend's balancingMode is RATE, you must specify either this parameter, maxRate, or maxRatePerInstance.

Not available if the backend's balancingMode is CONNECTION.
backends[].maxConnections

number

Defines a maximum target for simultaneous connections for the entire backend (instance group or NEG). If the backend's balancingMode is UTILIZATION, this is an optional parameter. If the backend's balancingMode is CONNECTION, and backend is attached to a backend service whose loadBalancingScheme is EXTERNAL, you must specify either this parameter, maxConnectionsPerInstance, or maxConnectionsPerEndpoint.

Not available if the backend's balancingMode is RATE. If the loadBalancingScheme is INTERNAL, then maxConnections is not supported, even though the backend requires a balancing mode of CONNECTION.
backends[].maxConnectionsPerInstance

number

Defines a maximum target for simultaneous connections for a single VM in a backend instance group. This is multiplied by the number of instances in the instance group to implicitly calculate a target maximum number of simultaneous connections for the whole instance group. If the backend's balancingMode is UTILIZATION, this is an optional parameter. If the backend's balancingMode is CONNECTION, and backend is attached to a backend service whose loadBalancingScheme is EXTERNAL, you must specify either this parameter, maxConnections, or maxConnectionsPerEndpoint.

Not available if the backend's balancingMode is RATE. Internal TCP/UDP load balancing does not support setting maxConnectionsPerInstance even though its backends require a balancing mode of CONNECTION.
backends[].maxConnectionsPerEndpoint

number

Defines a maximum target for simultaneous connections for an endpoint of a NEG. This is multiplied by the number of endpoints in the NEG to implicitly calculate a maximum number of target maximum simultaneous connections for the NEG. If the backend's balancingMode is CONNECTION, and the backend is attached to a backend service whose loadBalancingScheme is EXTERNAL, you must specify either this parameter, maxConnections, or maxConnectionsPerInstance.

Not available if the backend's balancingMode is RATE. Internal TCP/UDP load balancing does not support setting maxConnectionsPerEndpoint even though its backends require a balancing mode of CONNECTION.
backends[].capacityScaler

number

A multiplier applied to the group's maximum servicing capacity (based on UTILIZATION, RATE or CONNECTION). Default value is 1, which means the group will serve up to 100% of its configured capacity (depending on balancingMode). A setting of 0 means the group is completely drained, offering 0% of its available Capacity. Valid range is [0.0,1.0].

This cannot be used for internal load balancing.
healthChecks[]

string

The list of URLs to the HttpHealthCheck or HttpsHealthCheck resource for health checking this BackendService. Currently at most one health check can be specified, and a health check is required for Compute Engine backend services. A health check must not be specified for App Engine backend and Cloud Function backend.

For internal load balancing, a URL to a HealthCheck resource must be specified instead.

Authorization requires one or more of the following Google IAM permissions on the specified resource healthChecks:

  • compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly
  • compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly
  • compute.httpsHealthChecks.useReadOnly
timeoutSec

number

The backend service timeout has a different meaning depending on the type of load balancer. For more information read, Backend service settings The default is 30 seconds.

port
(deprecated)

number

Deprecated in favor of portName. The TCP port to connect on the backend. The default value is 80.

This cannot be used if the loadBalancingScheme is INTERNAL (Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancing).
protocol

enum

The protocol this BackendService uses to communicate with backends.

Possible values are HTTP, HTTPS, HTTP2, TCP, SSL, or UDP, depending on the chosen load balancer or Traffic Director configuration. Refer to the documentation for the load balancer or for Traffic Director for more information.
fingerprint

string (bytes format)

Fingerprint of this resource. A hash of the contents stored in this object. This field is used in optimistic locking. This field will be ignored when inserting a BackendService. An up-to-date fingerprint must be provided in order to update the BackendService, otherwise the request will fail with error 412 conditionNotMet.

To see the latest fingerprint, make a get() request to retrieve a BackendService.

A base64-encoded string.
portName

string

A named port on a backend instance group representing the port for communication to the backend VMs in that group. Required when the loadBalancingScheme is EXTERNAL and the backends are instance groups. The named port must be defined on each backend instance group. This parameter has no meaning if the backends are NEGs.

Must be omitted when the loadBalancingScheme is INTERNAL (Internal TCP/UDP Load Blaancing).
enableCDN

boolean

If true, enables Cloud CDN for the backend service. Only applicable if the loadBalancingScheme is EXTERNAL and the protocol is HTTP or HTTPS.

sessionAffinity

enum

Type of session affinity to use. The default is NONE. Session affinity is not applicable if the --protocol is UDP.

When the loadBalancingScheme is EXTERNAL, possible values are NONE, CLIENT_IP, or GENERATED_COOKIE. You can use GENERATED_COOKIE if the protocol is HTTP or HTTPS.

When the loadBalancingScheme is INTERNAL, possible values are NONE, CLIENT_IP, CLIENT_IP_PROTO, or CLIENT_IP_PORT_PROTO.

When the loadBalancingScheme is INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED, possible values are NONE, CLIENT_IP, GENERATED_COOKIE, HEADER_FIELD, or HTTP_COOKIE.
region

string

[Output Only] URL of the region where the regional backend service resides. This field is not applicable to global backend services. You must specify this field as part of the HTTP request URL. It is not settable as a field in the request body.

loadBalancingScheme

enum

Indicates whether the backend service will be used with internal or external load balancing. A backend service created for one type of load balancing cannot be used with the other. Possible values are INTERNAL and EXTERNAL.

connectionDraining

object
connectionDraining.drainingTimeoutSec

number

The amount of time in seconds to allow existing connections to persist while on unhealthy backend VMs. Only applicable if the protocol is not UDP. The valid range is [0, 3600].

iap

object
iap.enabled

boolean
iap.oauth2ClientId

string
iap.oauth2ClientSecret

string
iap.oauth2ClientSecretSha256

string

[Output Only] SHA256 hash value for the field oauth2ClientSecret above.

cdnPolicy

object

Cloud CDN configuration for this BackendService.

cdnPolicy.cacheKeyPolicy

object

The CacheKeyPolicy for this CdnPolicy.

cdnPolicy.cacheKeyPolicy.includeProtocol

boolean

If true, http and https requests will be cached separately.

cdnPolicy.cacheKeyPolicy.includeHost

boolean

If true, requests to different hosts will be cached separately.

cdnPolicy.cacheKeyPolicy.includeQueryString

boolean

If true, include query string parameters in the cache key according to queryStringWhitelist and queryStringBlacklist. If neither is set, the entire query string will be included. If false, the query string will be excluded from the cache key entirely.

cdnPolicy.cacheKeyPolicy.queryStringWhitelist[]

string

Names of query string parameters to include in cache keys. All other parameters will be excluded. Either specify queryStringWhitelist or queryStringBlacklist, not both. '&' and '=' will be percent encoded and not treated as delimiters.

cdnPolicy.cacheKeyPolicy.queryStringBlacklist[]

string

Names of query string parameters to exclude in cache keys. All other parameters will be included. Either specify queryStringWhitelist or queryStringBlacklist, not both. '&' and '=' will be percent encoded and not treated as delimiters.

cdnPolicy.signedUrlKeyNames[]

string

[Output Only] Names of the keys for signing request URLs.

cdnPolicy.signedUrlCacheMaxAgeSec

string (int64 format)

Maximum number of seconds the response to a signed URL request will be considered fresh. After this time period, the response will be revalidated before being served. Defaults to 1hr (3600s). When serving responses to signed URL requests, Cloud CDN will internally behave as though all responses from this backend had a "Cache-Control: public, max-age=[TTL]" header, regardless of any existing Cache-Control header. The actual headers served in responses will not be altered.

customRequestHeaders[]

string

Headers that the HTTP/S load balancer should add to proxied requests.

securityPolicy

string

[Output Only] The resource URL for the security policy associated with this backend service.

localityLbPolicy

enum

The load balancing algorithm used within the scope of the locality. The possible values are:

  • ROUND_ROBIN: This is a simple policy in which each healthy backend is selected in round robin order. This is the default.
  • LEAST_REQUEST: An O(1) algorithm which selects two random healthy hosts and picks the host which has fewer active requests.
  • RING_HASH: The ring/modulo hash load balancer implements consistent hashing to backends. The algorithm has the property that the addition/removal of a host from a set of N hosts only affects 1/N of the requests.
  • RANDOM: The load balancer selects a random healthy host.
  • ORIGINAL_DESTINATION: Backend host is selected based on the client connection metadata, i.e., connections are opened to the same address as the destination address of the incoming connection before the connection was redirected to the load balancer.
  • MAGLEV: used as a drop in replacement for the ring hash load balancer. Maglev is not as stable as ring hash but has faster table lookup build times and host selection times. For more information about Maglev, refer to https://ai.google/research/pubs/pub44824

    • This field is applicable to either:

    • A regional backend service with the serviceProtocol set to HTTP, HTTPS, or HTTP2, and loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_MANAGED.
    • A global backend service with the loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED.
consistentHash

object

Consistent Hash-based load balancing can be used to provide soft session affinity based on HTTP headers, cookies or other properties. This load balancing policy is applicable only for HTTP connections. The affinity to a particular destination host will be lost when one or more hosts are added/removed from the destination service. This field specifies parameters that control consistent hashing. This field is only applicable when localityLbPolicy is set to MAGLEV or RING_HASH.

This field is applicable to either:

  • A regional backend service with the serviceProtocol set to HTTP, HTTPS, or HTTP2, and loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_MANAGED.
  • A global backend service with the loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED.
consistentHash.httpCookie

object

Hash is based on HTTP Cookie. This field describes a HTTP cookie that will be used as the hash key for the consistent hash load balancer. If the cookie is not present, it will be generated. This field is applicable if the sessionAffinity is set to HTTP_COOKIE.

consistentHash.httpCookie.name

string

Name of the cookie.

consistentHash.httpCookie.path

string

Path to set for the cookie.

consistentHash.httpCookie.ttl

object

Lifetime of the cookie.

consistentHash.httpCookie.ttl.seconds

string (int64 format)

Span of time at a resolution of a second. Must be from 0 to 315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from: 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years

consistentHash.httpCookie.ttl.nanos

number

Span of time that's a fraction of a second at nanosecond resolution. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 seconds field and a positive nanos field. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999 inclusive.

consistentHash.httpHeaderName

string

The hash based on the value of the specified header field. This field is applicable if the sessionAffinity is set to HEADER_FIELD.

consistentHash.minimumRingSize

string (int64 format)

The minimum number of virtual nodes to use for the hash ring. Defaults to 1024. Larger ring sizes result in more granular load distributions. If the number of hosts in the load balancing pool is larger than the ring size, each host will be assigned a single virtual node.

circuitBreakers

object

Settings controlling the volume of connections to a backend service.

This field is applicable to either:

  • A regional backend service with the serviceProtocol set to HTTP, HTTPS, or HTTP2, and loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_MANAGED.
  • A global backend service with the loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED.
circuitBreakers.maxRequestsPerConnection

number

Maximum requests for a single backend connection. This parameter is respected by both the HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 implementations. If not specified, there is no limit. Setting this parameter to 1 will effectively disable keep alive.

circuitBreakers.maxConnections

number

The maximum number of connections to the backend cluster. If not specified, the default is 1024.

circuitBreakers.maxPendingRequests

number

The maximum number of pending requests allowed to the backend cluster. If not specified, the default is 1024.

circuitBreakers.maxRequests

number

The maximum number of parallel requests that allowed to the backend cluster. If not specified, the default is 1024.

circuitBreakers.maxRetries

number

The maximum number of parallel retries allowed to the backend cluster. If not specified, the default is 3.

outlierDetection

object

Settings controlling eviction of unhealthy hosts from the load balancing pool. This field is applicable to either:

  • A regional backend service with the serviceProtocol set to HTTP, HTTPS, or HTTP2, and loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_MANAGED.
  • A global backend service with the loadBalancingScheme set to INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED.
outlierDetection.consecutiveErrors

number

Number of errors before a host is ejected from the connection pool. When the backend host is accessed over HTTP, a 5xx return code qualifies as an error. Defaults to 5.

outlierDetection.interval

object

Time interval between ejection sweep analysis. This can result in both new ejections as well as hosts being returned to service. Defaults to 10 seconds.

outlierDetection.interval.seconds

string (int64 format)

Span of time at a resolution of a second. Must be from 0 to 315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from: 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years

outlierDetection.interval.nanos

number

Span of time that's a fraction of a second at nanosecond resolution. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 seconds field and a positive nanos field. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999 inclusive.

outlierDetection.baseEjectionTime

object

The base time that a host is ejected for. The real time is equal to the base time multiplied by the number of times the host has been ejected. Defaults to 30000ms or 30s.

outlierDetection.baseEjectionTime.seconds

string (int64 format)

Span of time at a resolution of a second. Must be from 0 to 315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from: 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years

outlierDetection.baseEjectionTime.nanos

number

Span of time that's a fraction of a second at nanosecond resolution. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 seconds field and a positive nanos field. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999 inclusive.

outlierDetection.maxEjectionPercent

number

Maximum percentage of hosts in the load balancing pool for the backend service that can be ejected. Defaults to 10%.

outlierDetection.enforcingConsecutiveErrors

number

The percentage chance that a host will be actually ejected when an outlier status is detected through consecutive 5xx. This setting can be used to disable ejection or to ramp it up slowly. Defaults to 100.

outlierDetection.enforcingSuccessRate

number

The percentage chance that a host will be actually ejected when an outlier status is detected through success rate statistics. This setting can be used to disable ejection or to ramp it up slowly. Defaults to 100.

outlierDetection.successRateMinimumHosts

number

The number of hosts in a cluster that must have enough request volume to detect success rate outliers. If the number of hosts is less than this setting, outlier detection via success rate statistics is not performed for any host in the cluster. Defaults to 5.

outlierDetection.successRateRequestVolume

number

The minimum number of total requests that must be collected in one interval (as defined by the interval duration above) to include this host in success rate based outlier detection. If the volume is lower than this setting, outlier detection via success rate statistics is not performed for that host. Defaults to 100.

outlierDetection.successRateStdevFactor

number

This factor is used to determine the ejection threshold for success rate outlier ejection. The ejection threshold is the difference between the mean success rate, and the product of this factor and the standard deviation of the mean success rate: mean - (stdev * successRateStdevFactor). This factor is divided by a thousand to get a double. That is, if the desired factor is 1.9, the runtime value should be 1900. Defaults to 1900.

outlierDetection.consecutiveGatewayFailure

number

The number of consecutive gateway failures (502, 503, 504 status or connection errors that are mapped to one of those status codes) before a consecutive gateway failure ejection occurs. Defaults to 5.

outlierDetection.enforcingConsecutiveGatewayFailure

number

The percentage chance that a host will be actually ejected when an outlier status is detected through consecutive gateway failures. This setting can be used to disable ejection or to ramp it up slowly. Defaults to 0.

kind

string

[Output Only] Type of resource. Always compute#backendService for backend services.

Response body

If successful, the response body contains data with the following structure:

JSON representation 
{
  "id": string,
  "creationTimestamp": string,
  "name": string,
  "zone": string,
  "clientOperationId": string,
  "operationType": string,
  "targetLink": string,
  "targetId": string,
  "status": enum,
  "statusMessage": string,
  "user": string,
  "progress": number,
  "insertTime": string,
  "startTime": string,
  "endTime": string,
  "error": {
    "errors": [
      {
        "code": string,
        "location": string,
        "message": string
      }
    ]
  },
  "warnings": [
    {
      "code": enum,
      "message": string,
      "data": [
        {
          "key": string,
          "value": string
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "httpErrorStatusCode": number,
  "httpErrorMessage": string,
  "selfLink": string,
  "region": string,
  "description": string,
  "kind": string
}
Fields
id

string (fixed64 format)

[Output Only] The unique identifier for the operation. This identifier is defined by the server.

creationTimestamp

string

[Deprecated] This field is deprecated.

name

string

[Output Only] Name of the operation.

zone

string

[Output Only] The URL of the zone where the operation resides. Only applicable when performing per-zone operations.

clientOperationId

string

[Output Only] The value of requestId if you provided it in the request. Not present otherwise.

operationType

string

[Output Only] The type of operation, such as insert, update, or delete, and so on.

targetId

string (fixed64 format)

[Output Only] The unique target ID, which identifies a specific incarnation of the target resource.

status

enum

[Output Only] The status of the operation, which can be one of the following: PENDING, RUNNING, or DONE.

statusMessage

string

[Output Only] An optional textual description of the current status of the operation.

user

string

[Output Only] User who requested the operation, for example: user@example.com.

progress

number

[Output Only] An optional progress indicator that ranges from 0 to 100. There is no requirement that this be linear or support any granularity of operations. This should not be used to guess when the operation will be complete. This number should monotonically increase as the operation progresses.

insertTime

string

[Output Only] The time that this operation was requested. This value is in RFC3339 text format.

startTime

string

[Output Only] The time that this operation was started by the server. This value is in RFC3339 text format.

endTime

string

[Output Only] The time that this operation was completed. This value is in RFC3339 text format.

error

object

[Output Only] If errors are generated during processing of the operation, this field will be populated.

error.errors[]

object

[Output Only] The array of errors encountered while processing this operation.

error.errors[].code

string

[Output Only] The error type identifier for this error.

error.errors[].location

string

[Output Only] Indicates the field in the request that caused the error. This property is optional.

error.errors[].message

string

[Output Only] An optional, human-readable error message.

warnings[]

object

[Output Only] If warning messages are generated during processing of the operation, this field will be populated.

warnings[].code

enum

[Output Only] A warning code, if applicable. For example, Compute Engine returns NO_RESULTS_ON_PAGE if there are no results in the response.

warnings[].message

string

[Output Only] A human-readable description of the warning code.

warnings[].data[]

object

[Output Only] Metadata about this warning in key: value format. For example: 

"data": [  {  "key": "scope",  "value": "zones/us-east1-d"  }
warnings[].data[].key

string

[Output Only] A key that provides more detail on the warning being returned. For example, for warnings where there are no results in a list request for a particular zone, this key might be scope and the key value might be the zone name. Other examples might be a key indicating a deprecated resource and a suggested replacement, or a warning about invalid network settings (for example, if an instance attempts to perform IP forwarding but is not enabled for IP forwarding).

warnings[].data[].value

string

[Output Only] A warning data value corresponding to the key.

httpErrorStatusCode

number

[Output Only] If the operation fails, this field contains the HTTP error status code that was returned. For example, a 404 means the resource was not found.

httpErrorMessage

string

[Output Only] If the operation fails, this field contains the HTTP error message that was returned, such as NOT FOUND.

region

string

[Output Only] The URL of the region where the operation resides. Only applicable when performing regional operations.

description

string

[Output Only] A textual description of the operation, which is set when the operation is created.

kind

string

[Output Only] Type of the resource. Always compute#operation for Operation resources.

Authorization Scopes

Requires one of the following OAuth scopes:

  • https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute
  • https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform

For more information, see the Authentication Overview.

IAM Permissions

In addition to any permissions specified on the fields above, authorization requires one or more of the following Google IAM permissions:

  • compute.backendServices.create
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