Configure advanced network DDoS protection

A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a deliberate attempt by a hostile actor to disrupt operations of publicly exposed sites, systems, and APIs, with the goal of degrading the experience of legitimate users. For workloads using external passthrough Network Load Balancers, protocol forwarding, or VMs with public IP addresses, Google Cloud Armor offers the following options to help protect systems against DDoS attacks:

Standard network DDoS protection: basic always-on protection for external passthrough Network Load Balancer, protocol forwarding, or VMs with public IP addresses. This is covered under Google Cloud Armor Standard and does not require any additional subscriptions.
Advanced network DDoS protection: additional protections for Cloud Armor Enterprise subscribers who use external passthrough Network Load Balancer, protocol forwarding, or VMs with public IP addresses. For more information about Cloud Armor Enterprise, see the Cloud Armor Enterprise overview.

This document explains the difference between standard and advanced network DDoS protection, how advanced network DDoS protection works, and how to enable advanced network DDoS protection.

Compare standard and advanced network DDoS protection

Use the following table to compare standard and advanced network DDoS protection features.

Feature	Standard network DDoS protection	Advanced network DDoS protection
Protected endpoint type	External passthrough Network Load Balancer Protocol forwarding VMs with public IP addresses	External passthrough Network Load Balancer Protocol forwarding VMs with public IP addresses
Forwarding rule enforcement
Always-on attack monitoring and alerting
Targeted attack mitigations
Mitigation telemetry

How network DDoS protection works

Standard network DDoS protection is always enabled. You do not need to take any action to enable it.

You configure advanced network DDoS protection on a per-region basis. Instead of associating the network edge security policy with one or more target pools, target instances, backend services, or instances with external IP addresses, you associate it with a network edge security service in a particular region. When you enable it for that region, Google Cloud Armor provides always-on targeted volumetric attack detection and mitigation for external passthrough Network Load Balancer, protocol forwarding, and VMs with public IP addresses in that region. You can only apply advanced network DDoS protection to projects that are enrolled in Cloud Armor Enterprise.

When you configure advanced network DDoS protection, you first create a security policy of the type CLOUD_ARMOR_NETWORK in a region that you choose. Next, you update the security policy to enable advanced network DDoS protection. Finally, you create a network edge security service, a resource to which you can attach security policies of type CLOUD_ARMOR_NETWORK. Attaching the security policy to the network edge security service enables advanced network DDoS protection for all applicable endpoints in the region that you chose.

Advanced network DDoS protection measures your baseline traffic to improve its mitigation performance. When you enable advanced network DDoS protection, there is a training period of 24 hours before advanced network DDoS protection develops a reliable baseline and can use its training to enhance its mitigations. When the training period is over, advanced network DDoS protection applies additional mitigation techniques based on historical traffic.

Activate advanced network DDoS protection

Use the following steps to activate advanced network DDoS protection.

Enroll in Cloud Armor Enterprise

Your project must be enrolled in Cloud Armor Enterprise to enable advanced network DDoS protection on a per-region basis. After they are activated, all regional endpoints in the activated region receive always-on advanced network DDoS protection.

Ensure that there is an active Cloud Armor Enterprise subscription in your billing account, and that the current project is enrolled in Cloud Armor Enterprise. For more information about enrolling in Cloud Armor Enterprise, see Subscribing to Cloud Armor Enterprise and enrolling projects.

Configure Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions

To configure, update, or delete a Google Cloud Armor edge security service, you need the following IAM permissions:

compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.create
compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.update
compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.get
compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.delete

The following table lists the IAM roles' base permissions and their associated API methods.

IAM permission	API methods
`compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.create`	`networkEdgeSecurityServices insert`
`compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.update`	`networkEdgeSecurityServices patch`
`compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.get`	`networkEdgeSecurityServices get`
`compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.delete`	`networkEdgeSecurityServices delete`
`compute.networkEdgeSecurityServices.list`	`networkEdgeSecurityServices aggregatedList`

For more information about the IAM permissions that you need when you use Google Cloud Armor, see Set up IAM permissions for Google Cloud Armor security policies.

Configure advanced network DDoS protection

Use the following steps to enable advanced network DDoS protection.

Create a security policy of type CLOUD_ARMOR_NETWORK, or use an existing security policy with type CLOUD_ARMOR_NETWORK.
```
 gcloud compute security-policies create SECURITY_POLICY_NAME \
     --type CLOUD_ARMOR_NETWORK \
     --region REGION
```
Replace the following:
- SECURITY_POLICY_NAME: the name that you want your security policy to have
- REGION: the region in which you want your security policy to be provisioned

Update the newly created or existing security policy by setting the --network-ddos-protection flag to ADVANCED.

 gcloud compute security-policies update SECURITY_POLICY_NAME \
     --network-ddos-protection ADVANCED \
     --region REGION

Alternatively, you can set the --network-ddos-protection flag to ADVANCED_PREVIEW to enable the security policy in preview mode.

 gcloud beta compute security-policies update SECURITY_POLICY_NAME \
     --network-ddos-protection ADVANCED_PREVIEW \
     --region REGION

Create a network edge security service that references your security policy.

 gcloud compute network-edge-security-services create SERVICE_NAME \
     --security-policy SECURITY_POLICY_NAME \
     --region REGION

Disable advanced network DDoS protection

To disable advanced network DDoS protection, you can either update or delete the security policy.

Update the security policy

Use the following command to update your security policy to set the --network-ddos-protection flag to STANDARD. Replace variables with information that is relevant to your deployment.

gcloud compute security-policies update SECURITY_POLICY_NAME \
    --network-ddos-protection STANDARD \
    --region REGION

Delete the security policy

Before you can delete a network edge security policy, you must first remove it from the network edge security service because you cannot delete in-use security policies. Use the following steps to delete your security policy:

Remove your policy from the network edge security service or delete the network edge security service.
- To remove your policy from the network edge security service, use the following command:
```
gcloud compute network-edge-security-services update SERVICE_NAME \
 --security-policy="" \
 --region=REGION_NAME
```
- To delete the network edge security service, use the following command:
```
gcloud compute network-edge-security-services delete SERVICE_NAME \
 --region=REGION_NAME
```

Delete the security policy using the following command:

gcloud compute security-policies delete SECURITY_POLICY_NAME

Use preview mode

Preview mode lets you monitor the effects of advanced network DDoS protection without enforcing the mitigation.

Cloud Armor Enterprise subscribers can also enable preview mode for advanced network DDoS protection policies. In preview mode, you receive all of the logging and telemetry about the detected attack and the proposed mitigation. However, the proposed mitigation is not enforced. This lets you test the effectiveness of the mitigation before enabling it. Because each policy is configured per region, you can enable or disable preview mode per region.

To enable preview mode, you set the --ddos-protection flag to ADVANCED_PREVIEW. You can use the following example to update an existing policy.

gcloud beta compute security-policies update POLICY_NAME \
    --network-ddos-protection ADVANCED_PREVIEW \
    --region=REGION

Replace the following:

POLICY_NAME: the name of your policy
REGION: the region in which your policy is located.

If your security policy is in preview mode during an active attack and you want to enforce the mitigations, you can update your security policy to set the --network-ddos-protection flag to ADVANCED. The policy is enforced almost immediately, and the next MITIGATION_ONGOING logging event reflects the change. MITIGATION_ONGOING logging events occur every five minutes.

Network DDoS mitigation telemetry

Google Cloud Armor generates three types of event logs when mitigating DDoS attacks: MITIGATION_STARTED, MITIGATION_ONGOING, and MITIGATION_ENDED. You can use the following log filters to view your logs by mitigation type:

Mitigation type	Log filter
Mitigation start	resource.type="network_security_policy" jsonPayload.mitigationType="MITIGATION_STARTED"
Mitigation ongoing	resource.type="network_security_policy" jsonPayload.mitigationType="MITIGATION_ONGOING"
Mitigation end	resource.type="network_security_policy" jsonPayload.mitigationType="MITIGATION_ENDED"

Mitigation type

Log filter

Mitigation start

resource.type="network_security_policy"

jsonPayload.mitigationType="MITIGATION_STARTED"

Mitigation ongoing

resource.type="network_security_policy"

jsonPayload.mitigationType="MITIGATION_ONGOING"

Mitigation end

resource.type="network_security_policy"

jsonPayload.mitigationType="MITIGATION_ENDED"

Cloud Logging attack mitigation event logs

The following sections provide examples of the log format for each type of event log:

Mitigation started

  @type: "type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.networksecurity.cloudarmor.logging.v1.CloudArmorMitigationAlert"
  alertId: "11275630857957031521"
  mitigation_type: "MITIGATION_STARTED"
  target_vip: "XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX"
  total_volume: {
   pps: 1400000
   bps: 140000000
  }
  started: {
   total_attack_volume: {
    pps: 1100000
    bps: 110000000
   }
   classified_attack: {
    attack_type: "NTP-udp"
    attack_volume: {
       pps: 500000
       bps: 50000000
    }
   }
   classified_attack: {
    attack_type: "CHARGEN-udp"
    attack_volume: {
       pps: 600000
       bps: 60000000
    }
   }
   attack_sources: {
    top_source_asns: {
      asn: "ABCDEF"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
    top_source_asns: {
      asn: "UVWXYZ"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
    top_source_geos: {
      region_code: "XX"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
    top_source_geos: {
      region_code: "XY"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
   }
  }

Mitigation ongoing

  @type: "type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.networksecurity.cloudarmor.logging.v1.CloudArmorMitigationAlert"
  alertId: "11275630857957031521"
  mitigation_type: "MITIGATION_ONGOING"
  target_vip: "XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX"
  total_volume: {
   pps: 1500000
   bps: 150000000
  }
  ongoing: {
   total_attack_volume: {
    pps: 1100000
    bps: 110000000
   }
   classified_attack: {
    attack_type: "NTP-udp"
    attack_volume: {
       pps: 500000
       bps: 50000000
    }
   }
   classified_attack: {
    attack_type: "CHARGEN-udp"
    attack_volume: {
       pps: 600000
       bps: 60000000
    }
   }
   attack_sources: {
    top_source_asns: {
      asn: "ABCDEF"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
    top_source_asns: {
      asn: "UVWXYZ"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
    top_source_geos: {
      region_code: "XX"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
    top_source_geos: {
      region_code: "XY"
      volume: {
        pps: 20000
        bps: 2000000
      }
    }
   }
  }

Mitigation completed

  @type: "type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.networksecurity.cloudarmor.logging.v1.CloudArmorMitigationAlert"
  alertId: "11275630857957031521"
  mitigation_type: "MITIGATION_ENDED"
  target_vip: "XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX"
  ended: {
      attack_duration_seconds: 600
      attack_type: "NTP-udp"
  }

In preview mode, each of the preceding mitigation_types are preceded by PREVIEWED_. For example, in preview mode, MITIGATION_STARTED is instead PREVIEWED_MITIGATION_STARTED.

To view these logs, go to the Logs Explorer and view the network_security_policy resource.

Go to Logs Explorer

For more information about viewing logs, see Viewing logs.

What's next

Learn to Configure network edge security policies
Learn about Cloud Armor Enterprise