Creating and using glossaries (Advanced)

A glossary is a custom dictionary the Cloud Translation API uses to consistently translate the customer's domain-specific terminology. This typically involves specifying how to translate a named entity.

Glossary use cases may involve:

• Product names: For example, "Google Home" must translate to "Google Home".
• Ambiguous words: For example, the word "bat" can mean a piece of sports equipment or an animal. If you know that you are translating words about sports, you might want to use a glossary to feed the Cloud Translation API the sports translation of "bat", not the translation for the animal.
• Borrowed words: For example, "bouillabaisse" in French translates to "bouillabaisse" in English. English borrowed the word "bouillabaisse" from French in the 19th century. An English speaker lacking French cultural context might not know that bouillabaisse is a fish stew dish. Glossaries can override a translation so that "bouillabaisse" in French translates to "fish stew" in English.

Note: The maximum number of glossaries for a Google Cloud project is 1000. If you reach this limit, you must delete existing glossaries to create new ones.

Before you begin

Before you can start using the Cloud Translation API, you must have a project that has the Cloud Translation API enabled and the appropriate credentials. You can also install client libraries for common programming languages to help you make calls to the API.

For more information, see the Setup page.

Required permissions

To work with glossaries, your service account requires glossary-specific permissions. You can grant a role to your service account by using one of the pre-defined IAM roles, such as Cloud Translation API Editor (roles/cloudtranslate.editor), or you can create a custom role that grants the necessary permissions. You can view all of the Cloud Translation API permissions in the IAM permissions reference. Translation permissions begin with cloudtranslate.

For creating glossaries, you also need permissions to read objects in the Cloud Storage bucket where your glossary file is located. You can grant a role to your service account by using one of the pre-defined IAM roles, such as Storage Object Viewer (roles/storage.objectViewer), or you can create a custom role that grants permissions to read objects.

For information on adding an account to a role, see Granting, changing, and revoking access to resources.

Create a glossary

The terms in a glossary can be single tokens (words) or short phrases (usually fewer than five words). The current limit for the number of separate glossaries is 1000 per project.

The main steps for using a glossary are:

1. Create a glossary file
2. Create the glossary resource with our Cloud Translation API
3. Specify which glossary to use when you request a translation

A project can have multiple glossaries. You can get a list of the available glossaries and can delete glossaries that you no longer need.

Creating a glossary file

Fundamentally, a glossary is a text file in which each line contains corresponding terms in multiple languages. The Cloud Translation API supports both unidirectional glossaries, which specify the desired translation for a single pair of source and target languages, and equivalent term sets, which identify the equivalent terms in multiple languages.

The total number of terms in an glossary input file can't exceed 10.4 million (10,485,760) UTF-8 bytes for all terms in all the languages combined. Any single glossary term must be less than 1024 UTF-8 bytes. Terms longer than 1024 bytes are ignored.

Unidirectional glossaries

The Cloud Translation API accepts TSV, CSV or TMX files.

Tab-separated values (TSV)

The Cloud Translation API supports tab-separated files, where each row has this format:

• Term in source language tab Term in target language

For example:

account\tcuenta
directions\tindicaciones

The tab-separated source data does not include language codes to identify the source and target languages. You identify the source and target language codes when you create the glossary.

Comma-separated values (CSV)

For each row in a CSV file, use a comma (,) to separate the source language term and target language term, as shown in the following example:

account,cuenta
directions,indicaciones

Do not include a header row in the CSV file to identify the source and target languages. You identify them when you create the glossary.

Translation Memory eXchange (TMX)

Translation Memory eXchange (TMX) is a standard XML format for providing source and target translations. The Cloud Translation API supports input files in a format based on TMX version 1.4. This example illustrates the required structure:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE tmx SYSTEM "tmx14.dtd">
<tmx version="1.4">
  <header segtype="sentence" o-tmf="UTF-8"
  adminlang="en" srclang="en" datatype="PlainText"/>
  <body>
    <tu>
      <tuv xml:lang="en">
        <seg>account</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="es">
        <seg>cuenta</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
    <tu>
      <tuv xml:lang="en">
        <seg>directions</seg>
      </tuv>
      <tuv xml:lang="es">
        <seg>indicaciones</seg>
      </tuv>
    </tu>
  </body>
</tmx>

The <header> element of a well-formed TMX file must identify the source language using the srclang attribute, and every <tuv> element must identify the language of the contained text using the xml:lang attribute. You identify the source and target languages using their ISO-639-1 codes.

All <tu> elements must contain a pair of <tuv> elements with the same source and target languages. If a <tu> element contains more than two <tuv> elements, the Cloud Translation API processes only the first <tuv> matching the source language and the first matching the target language and ignores the rest. If a <tu> element does not have a matching pair of <tuv> elements, the Cloud Translation API skips over the invalid <tu> element.

The Cloud Translation API strips the markup tags from around a <seg> element before processing it. If a <tuv> element contains more than one <seg> element, the Cloud Translation API concatenates their text into a single element with a space between them.

If the file contains XML tags other than those shown above, the Cloud Translation API ignores them.

If the file does not conform to proper XML and TMX format – for example, if it is missing an end tag or a <tmx> element – the Cloud Translation API aborts processing it. The Cloud Translation API also aborts processing if it skips more than 1024 invalid <tu> elements.

Equivalent term sets (CSV)

For equivalent term sets, Cloud Translation API only accepts files in the CSV format. To define equivalent term sets, create a multi-column CSV file in which each row lists a single glossary term in multiple languages.

The first row in the file is a header row identifying the language for each column, using its ISO-639-1 or BCP-47 language code. You can also include optional columns for part of speech (pos) and a description (description).

Note: The algorithm does not currently use pos information, and specific pos values are not validated.

Each subsequent row contains equivalent glossary terms in the languages identified in the header. You can leave columns blank if the term is not available in all languages.

Create a glossary resource

Once you have the equivalent glossary terms identified, make the glossary file available to the Cloud Translation API by creating a glossary resource.

Unidirectional glossary

When creating a unidirectional glossary, you must indicate the language pair (language_pair), by specifying the source language (source_language_code), and the target language (target_language_code). The following example uses the REST API and command line, but you can also use the client libraries to create a unidirectional glossary.

REST & CMD LINE

When you create a new glossary, you supply a glossary id (a resource name). For example:

projects/my-project/locations/us-central1/glossaries/my-en-to-ru-glossary

where my-project is the project-number-or-id, and my-en-ru-glossary is the glossary-id provided by you.

Note: project-id works as well, but project-number is preferred going forward.

Before using any of the request data below, make the following replacements:

• project-number-or-id: your Google Cloud project number or ID
• glossary-id: your glossary ID, for example., my_en_ru_glossary
• bucket-name: name of bucket where your glossary file is located
• glossary-filename: filename of your glossary

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries

Request JSON body:

{
  "name":"projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id",
  "languagePair": {
    "sourceLanguageCode": "en",
    "targetLanguageCode": "ru"
    },
  "inputConfig": {
    "gcsSource": {
      "inputUri": "gs://bucket-name/glossary-filename"
    }
  }
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token) \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries

PowerShell

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method POST `
  -Headers $headers `
  -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
  -InFile request.json `
  -Uri "https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries
" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "name": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/operations/operation-id",
  "metadata": {
    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.translation.v3beta1.CreateGlossaryMetadata",
    "name": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id",
    "state": "RUNNING",
    "submitTime": "2019-11-19T19:05:10.650047636Z"
  }
}

Equivalent term sets glossary

Once you have the glossary terms identified in your equivalent term set, make the glossary file available to the Cloud Translation API by creating a glossary resource.

REST & CMD LINE

Before using any of the request data below, make the following replacements:

• project-number-or-id: your Google Cloud project number or ID
• glossary-id: your glossary ID
• bucket-name: name of bucket where your glossary file is located
• glossary-filename: filename of your glossary

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries

Request JSON body:

{
  "name":"projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id",
  "languageCodesSet": {
    "languageCodes": ["en", "en-GB", "ru", "fr", "pt-BR", "pt-PT", "es"]
  },
  "inputConfig": {
    "gcsSource": {
"inputUri": "gs://bucket-name/glossary-file-name"
    }
  }
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token) \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries

PowerShell

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method POST `
  -Headers $headers `
  -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
  -InFile request.json `
  -Uri "https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries
" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "name": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/operations/20191103-09061569945989-5d937985-0000-21ac-816d-f4f5e80782d4",
  "metadata": {
    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.translation.v3beta1.CreateGlossaryMetadata",
    "name": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id",
    "state": "RUNNING",
    "submitTime": "2019-11-03T16:06:29.134496675Z"
  }
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Go API reference documentation.

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	translate "cloud.google.com/go/translate/apiv3"
	translatepb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/translate/v3"
)

// createGlossary creates a glossary to use for other operations.
func createGlossary(w io.Writer, projectID string, location string, glossaryID string, glossaryInputURI string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// location := "us-central1"
	// glossaryID := "my-glossary-display-name"
	// glossaryInputURI := "gs://cloud-samples-data/translation/glossary.csv"

	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := translate.NewTranslationClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewTranslationClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	req := &translatepb.CreateGlossaryRequest{
		Parent: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s", projectID, location),
		Glossary: &translatepb.Glossary{
			Name: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/glossaries/%s", projectID, location, glossaryID),
			Languages: &translatepb.Glossary_LanguageCodesSet_{
				LanguageCodesSet: &translatepb.Glossary_LanguageCodesSet{
					LanguageCodes: []string{"en", "ja"},
				},
			},
			InputConfig: &translatepb.GlossaryInputConfig{
				Source: &translatepb.GlossaryInputConfig_GcsSource{
					GcsSource: &translatepb.GcsSource{
						InputUri: glossaryInputURI,
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// The CreateGlossary operation is async.
	op, err := client.CreateGlossary(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("CreateGlossary: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Processing operation name: %q\n", op.Name())

	resp, err := op.Wait(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Wait: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created: %v\n", resp.GetName())
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Input URI: %v\n", resp.InputConfig.GetGcsSource().GetInputUri())

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Java API reference documentation.

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import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.CreateGlossaryMetadata;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.CreateGlossaryRequest;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.GcsSource;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.Glossary;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.GlossaryInputConfig;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.GlossaryName;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.LocationName;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslationServiceClient;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class CreateGlossary {

  public static void createGlossary() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
    String glossaryId = "your-glossary-display-name";
    List<String> languageCodes = new ArrayList<>();
    languageCodes.add("your-language-code");
    String inputUri = "gs://your-gcs-bucket/path/to/input/file.txt";
    createGlossary(projectId, glossaryId, languageCodes, inputUri);
  }

  // Create a equivalent term sets glossary
  // https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/advanced/glossary#format-glossary
  public static void createGlossary(
      String projectId, String glossaryId, List<String> languageCodes, String inputUri)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (TranslationServiceClient client = TranslationServiceClient.create()) {
      // Supported Locations: `global`, [glossary location], or [model location]
      // Glossaries must be hosted in `us-central1`
      // Custom Models must use the same location as your model. (us-central1)
      String location = "us-central1";
      LocationName parent = LocationName.of(projectId, location);
      GlossaryName glossaryName = GlossaryName.of(projectId, location, glossaryId);

      // Supported Languages: https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/languages
      Glossary.LanguageCodesSet languageCodesSet =
          Glossary.LanguageCodesSet.newBuilder().addAllLanguageCodes(languageCodes).build();

      // Configure the source of the file from a GCS bucket
      GcsSource gcsSource = GcsSource.newBuilder().setInputUri(inputUri).build();
      GlossaryInputConfig inputConfig =
          GlossaryInputConfig.newBuilder().setGcsSource(gcsSource).build();

      Glossary glossary =
          Glossary.newBuilder()
              .setName(glossaryName.toString())
              .setLanguageCodesSet(languageCodesSet)
              .setInputConfig(inputConfig)
              .build();

      CreateGlossaryRequest request =
          CreateGlossaryRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(parent.toString())
              .setGlossary(glossary)
              .build();

      // Start an asynchronous request
      OperationFuture<Glossary, CreateGlossaryMetadata> future =
          client.createGlossaryAsync(request);

      System.out.println("Waiting for operation to complete...");
      Glossary response = future.get();
      System.out.println("Created Glossary.");
      System.out.printf("Glossary name: %s\n", response.getName());
      System.out.printf("Entry count: %s\n", response.getEntryCount());
      System.out.printf("Input URI: %s\n", response.getInputConfig().getGcsSource().getInputUri());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Node.js API reference documentation.

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/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const location = 'global';
// const glossaryId = 'your-glossary-display-name';

// Imports the Google Cloud Translation library
const {TranslationServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/translate');

// Instantiates a client
const translationClient = new TranslationServiceClient();

async function createGlossary() {
  // Construct glossary
  const glossary = {
    languageCodesSet: {
      languageCodes: ['en', 'es'],
    },
    inputConfig: {
      gcsSource: {
        inputUri: 'gs://cloud-samples-data/translation/glossary.csv',
      },
    },
    name: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}/glossaries/${glossaryId}`,
  };

  // Construct request
  const request = {
    parent: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}`,
    glossary: glossary,
  };

  // Create glossary using a long-running operation
  const [operation] = await translationClient.createGlossary(request);

  // Wait for the operation to complete
  await operation.promise();

  console.log('Created glossary:');
  console.log(`InputUri ${request.glossary.inputConfig.gcsSource.inputUri}`);
}

createGlossary();

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Python API reference documentation.

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from google.cloud import translate_v3 as translate


def create_glossary(
    project_id="YOUR_PROJECT_ID",
    input_uri="YOUR_INPUT_URI",
    glossary_id="YOUR_GLOSSARY_ID",
    timeout=180,
):
    """
    Create a equivalent term sets glossary. Glossary can be words or
    short phrases (usually fewer than five words).
    https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/advanced/glossary#format-glossary
    """
    client = translate.TranslationServiceClient()

    # Supported language codes: https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/languages
    source_lang_code = "en"
    target_lang_code = "ja"
    location = "us-central1"  # The location of the glossary

    name = client.glossary_path(project_id, location, glossary_id)
    language_codes_set = translate.types.Glossary.LanguageCodesSet(
        language_codes=[source_lang_code, target_lang_code]
    )

    gcs_source = translate.types.GcsSource(input_uri=input_uri)

    input_config = translate.types.GlossaryInputConfig(gcs_source=gcs_source)

    glossary = translate.types.Glossary(
        name=name, language_codes_set=language_codes_set, input_config=input_config
    )

    parent = f"projects/{project_id}/locations/{location}"
    # glossary is a custom dictionary Translation API uses
    # to translate the domain-specific terminology.
    operation = client.create_glossary(parent=parent, glossary=glossary)

    result = operation.result(timeout)
    print("Created: {}".format(result.name))
    print("Input Uri: {}".format(result.input_config.gcs_source.input_uri))

Operation status

Creating a glossary resource is a long-running operation, so it may take a substantial amount of time to complete. You can poll the status of this operation to see if it has completed, or you can cancel the operation.

For more information, see Long-running operations.

Use glossaries

Translate text with a glossary

In Cloud Translation - Advanced, you explicitly specify which translation model to use for translating the text. You can also identify a glossary to use for domain-specific terminology.

Note: The specified glossary must be associated with the current Google Cloud project.

REST & CMD LINE

This example translates text using the default NMT model and a glossary.

Before using any of the request data below, make the following replacements:

• project-number-or-id: your Google Cloud project number or ID
• glossary-id: your glossary ID e.g., my-en-ru-glossary

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1:translateText

Request JSON body:

{
  "sourceLanguageCode": "en",
  "targetLanguageCode": "ru",
  "contents": "Dr. Watson, please discard your trash. You've shared unsolicited email with me. Let's talk about spam and importance ranking in a confidential mode.",
  "glossaryConfig": {
    "glossary": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id"
  }
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token) \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1:translateText

PowerShell

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Save the request body in a file called request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method POST `
  -Headers $headers `
  -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
  -InFile request.json `
  -Uri "https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1:translateText
" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "glossaryTranslations": {
    "translatedText": "Доктор Ватсон, пожалуйста, откажитесь от своего мусора. Вы поделились нежелательной электронной почтой со я . Давайте поговорим о спаме и важности рейтинга в конфиденциальном режиме.",
    "glossaryConfig": {
      "glossary": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id"
    }
  },
  "translations": {
    "translatedText": "Доктор Ватсон, пожалуйста, откажитесь от своего мусора. Вы поделились нежелательной электронной почтой со мной. Давайте поговорим о спаме и важности рейтинга в конфиденциальном режиме.",
  }
}

The translations field contains the regular machine translation before the glossary is applied; the glossaryTranslations field contains the translation after the glossary is applied.

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Go API reference documentation.

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	translate "cloud.google.com/go/translate/apiv3"
	translatepb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/translate/v3"
)

// translateTextWithGlossary translates input text and returns translated text.
func translateTextWithGlossary(w io.Writer, projectID string, location string, sourceLang string, targetLang string, text string, glossaryID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// location := "us-central1"
	// sourceLang := "en"
	// targetLang := "ja"
	// text := "Hello world"
	// glossaryID := "your-glossary-id"

	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := translate.NewTranslationClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewTranslationClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	req := &translatepb.TranslateTextRequest{
		Parent:             fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s", projectID, location),
		SourceLanguageCode: sourceLang,
		TargetLanguageCode: targetLang,
		MimeType:           "text/plain", // Mime types: "text/plain", "text/html"
		Contents:           []string{text},
		GlossaryConfig: &translatepb.TranslateTextGlossaryConfig{
			Glossary: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/glossaries/%s", projectID, location, glossaryID),
		},
	}

	resp, err := client.TranslateText(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("TranslateText: %v", err)
	}

	// Display the translation for each input text provided
	for _, translation := range resp.GetGlossaryTranslations() {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Translated text: %v\n", translation.GetTranslatedText())
	}

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Java API reference documentation.

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import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.GlossaryName;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.LocationName;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslateTextGlossaryConfig;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslateTextRequest;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslateTextResponse;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.Translation;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslationServiceClient;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TranslateTextWithGlossary {

  public static void translateTextWithGlossary() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
    // Supported Languages: https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/languages
    String sourceLanguage = "your-source-language";
    String targetLanguage = "your-target-language";
    String text = "your-text";
    String glossaryId = "your-glossary-display-name";
    translateTextWithGlossary(projectId, sourceLanguage, targetLanguage, text, glossaryId);
  }

  // Translates a given text using a glossary.
  public static void translateTextWithGlossary(
      String projectId,
      String sourceLanguage,
      String targetLanguage,
      String text,
      String glossaryId)
      throws IOException {

    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (TranslationServiceClient client = TranslationServiceClient.create()) {
      // Supported Locations: `global`, [glossary location], or [model location]
      // Glossaries must be hosted in `us-central1`
      // Custom Models must use the same location as your model. (us-central1)
      String location = "us-central1";
      LocationName parent = LocationName.of(projectId, location);

      GlossaryName glossaryName = GlossaryName.of(projectId, location, glossaryId);
      TranslateTextGlossaryConfig glossaryConfig =
          TranslateTextGlossaryConfig.newBuilder().setGlossary(glossaryName.toString()).build();

      // Supported Mime Types: https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/supported-formats
      TranslateTextRequest request =
          TranslateTextRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(parent.toString())
              .setMimeType("text/plain")
              .setSourceLanguageCode(sourceLanguage)
              .setTargetLanguageCode(targetLanguage)
              .addContents(text)
              .setGlossaryConfig(glossaryConfig)
              .build();

      TranslateTextResponse response = client.translateText(request);

      // Display the translation for each input text provided
      for (Translation translation : response.getGlossaryTranslationsList()) {
        System.out.printf("Translated text: %s\n", translation.getTranslatedText());
      }
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Node.js API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const location = 'global';
// const glossaryId = 'YOUR_GLOSSARY_ID';
// const text = 'text to translate';

// Imports the Google Cloud Translation library
const {TranslationServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/translate');

// Instantiates a client
const translationClient = new TranslationServiceClient();
async function translateTextWithGlossary() {
  const glossaryConfig = {
    glossary: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}/glossaries/${glossaryId}`,
  };
  // Construct request
  const request = {
    parent: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}`,
    contents: [text],
    mimeType: 'text/plain', // mime types: text/plain, text/html
    sourceLanguageCode: 'en',
    targetLanguageCode: 'es',
    glossaryConfig: glossaryConfig,
  };

  // Run request
  const [response] = await translationClient.translateText(request);

  for (const translation of response.glossaryTranslations) {
    console.log(`Translation: ${translation.translatedText}`);
  }
}

translateTextWithGlossary();

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Python API reference documentation.

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from google.cloud import translate


def translate_text_with_glossary(
    text="YOUR_TEXT_TO_TRANSLATE",
    project_id="YOUR_PROJECT_ID",
    glossary_id="YOUR_GLOSSARY_ID",
):
    """Translates a given text using a glossary."""

    client = translate.TranslationServiceClient()
    location = "us-central1"
    parent = f"projects/{project_id}/locations/{location}"

    glossary = client.glossary_path(
        project_id, "us-central1", glossary_id  # The location of the glossary
    )

    glossary_config = translate.TranslateTextGlossaryConfig(glossary=glossary)

    # Supported language codes: https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/languages
    response = client.translate_text(
        request={
            "contents": [text],
            "target_language_code": "ja",
            "source_language_code": "en",
            "parent": parent,
            "glossary_config": glossary_config,
        }
    )

    print("Translated text: \n")
    for translation in response.glossary_translations:
        print("\t {}".format(translation.translated_text))

Get information about a glossary

REST & CMD LINE

Before using any of the request data below, make the following replacements:

• project-number-or-id: your Google Cloud project number or ID
• glossary-id: your glossary ID, for example, "my-en-to-ru-glossary"

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token) \
https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id

PowerShell

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method GET `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id
" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "name": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id",
  "languagePair": {
    "sourceLanguageCode": "en",
    "targetLanguageCode": "ru"
  },
  "inputConfig": {
    "gcsSource": {
  "inputUri": "gs://bucket-name/glossary-file-name"
    }
  },
  "entryCount": 9603
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Go API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	translate "cloud.google.com/go/translate/apiv3"
	translatepb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/translate/v3"
)

// getGlossary gets the specified glossary.
func getGlossary(w io.Writer, projectID string, location string, glossaryID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// location := "us-central1"
	// glossaryID := "glossary-id"

	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := translate.NewTranslationClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewTranslationClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	req := &translatepb.GetGlossaryRequest{
		Name: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/glossaries/%s", projectID, location, glossaryID),
	}

	resp, err := client.GetGlossary(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("GetGlossary: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Glossary name: %v\n", resp.GetName())
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Entry count: %v\n", resp.GetEntryCount())
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Input URI: %v\n", resp.GetInputConfig().GetGcsSource().GetInputUri())

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Java API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.GetGlossaryRequest;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.Glossary;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.GlossaryName;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslationServiceClient;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetGlossary {

  public static void getGlossary() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
    String glossaryId = "your-glossary-display-name";
    getGlossary(projectId, glossaryId);
  }

  // Get a particular glossary based on the glossary ID
  public static void getGlossary(String projectId, String glossaryId) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (TranslationServiceClient client = TranslationServiceClient.create()) {
      // Supported Locations: `global`, [glossary location], or [model location]
      // Glossaries must be hosted in `us-central1`
      // Custom Models must use the same location as your model. (us-central1)
      GlossaryName glossaryName = GlossaryName.of(projectId, "us-central1", glossaryId);
      GetGlossaryRequest request =
          GetGlossaryRequest.newBuilder().setName(glossaryName.toString()).build();

      Glossary response = client.getGlossary(request);

      System.out.printf("Glossary name: %s\n", response.getName());
      System.out.printf("Entry count: %s\n", response.getEntryCount());
      System.out.printf("Input URI: %s\n", response.getInputConfig().getGcsSource().getInputUri());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Node.js API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const location = 'global';
// const glossaryId = 'YOUR_GLOSSARY_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud Translation library
const {TranslationServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/translate');

// Instantiates a client
const translationClient = new TranslationServiceClient();

async function getGlossary() {
  // Construct request
  const request = {
    parent: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}`,
    name: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}/glossaries/${glossaryId}`,
  };

  // Get glossary
  const [response] = await translationClient.getGlossary(request);

  console.log(`Got glossary: ${response.name}`);
}

getGlossary();

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Python API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

from google.cloud import translate_v3 as translate


def get_glossary(project_id="YOUR_PROJECT_ID", glossary_id="YOUR_GLOSSARY_ID"):
    """Get a particular glossary based on the glossary ID."""

    client = translate.TranslationServiceClient()

    name = client.glossary_path(project_id, "us-central1", glossary_id)

    response = client.get_glossary(name=name)
    print(u"Glossary name: {}".format(response.name))
    print(u"Entry count: {}".format(response.entry_count))
    print(u"Input URI: {}".format(response.input_config.gcs_source.input_uri))

List glossaries

A project can include numerous glossaries. This section describes how to retrieve a list of the available glossaries for a particular project.

REST & CMD LINE

This example lists all glossaries associated with the specified project.

Before using any of the request data below, make the following replacements:

• project-number-or-id: your Google Cloud project number or ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token) \
https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries

PowerShell

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method GET `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries
" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "glossaries": [
    {
      "name": "projects/project-number/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id",
      "languagePair": {
        "sourceLanguageCode": "en",
        "targetLanguageCode": "ru"
      },
      "inputConfig": {
        "gcsSource": {
          "inputUri": "gs://bucket-name/glossary-file-name"
        }
      },
      "entryCount": 9603
    },
    ...
  ]
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Go API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	translate "cloud.google.com/go/translate/apiv3"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	translatepb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/translate/v3"
)

// listGlossaries gets the specified glossary.
func listGlossaries(w io.Writer, projectID string, location string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// location := "us-central1"

	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := translate.NewTranslationClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewTranslationClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	req := &translatepb.ListGlossariesRequest{
		Parent: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s", projectID, location),
	}

	it := client.ListGlossaries(ctx, req)

	// Iterate over all results
	for {
		glossary, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("ListGlossaries.Next: %v", err)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Name: %v\n", glossary.GetName())
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Entry count: %v\n", glossary.GetEntryCount())
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Input URI: %v\n", glossary.GetInputConfig().GetGcsSource().GetInputUri())
		for _, languageCode := range glossary.GetLanguageCodesSet().GetLanguageCodes() {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Language code: %v\n", languageCode)
		}
		if languagePair := glossary.GetLanguagePair(); languagePair != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Language pair: %v, %v\n",
				languagePair.GetSourceLanguageCode(), languagePair.GetTargetLanguageCode())
		}
	}

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Java API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.Glossary;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.ListGlossariesRequest;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.LocationName;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslationServiceClient;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ListGlossaries {

  public static void listGlossaries() throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
    listGlossaries(projectId);
  }

  // List all the glossaries in a specified location
  public static void listGlossaries(String projectId) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (TranslationServiceClient client = TranslationServiceClient.create()) {
      // Supported Locations: `global`, [glossary location], or [model location]
      // Glossaries must be hosted in `us-central1`
      // Custom Models must use the same location as your model. (us-central1)
      LocationName parent = LocationName.of(projectId, "us-central1");
      ListGlossariesRequest request =
          ListGlossariesRequest.newBuilder().setParent(parent.toString()).build();

      for (Glossary responseItem : client.listGlossaries(request).iterateAll()) {
        System.out.printf("Glossary name: %s\n", responseItem.getName());
        System.out.printf("Entry count: %s\n", responseItem.getEntryCount());
        System.out.printf(
            "Input URI: %s\n", responseItem.getInputConfig().getGcsSource().getInputUri());
      }
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Node.js API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const location = 'global';

// Imports the Google Cloud Translation library
const {TranslationServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/translate');

// Instantiates a client
const translationClient = new TranslationServiceClient();

async function listGlossaries() {
  // Construct request
  const request = {
    parent: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}`,
  };

  // Run request
  const [response] = await translationClient.listGlossaries(request);

  for (const glossary of response) {
    console.log(`Name: ${glossary.name}`);
    console.log(`Entry count: ${glossary.entryCount}`);
    console.log(`Input uri: ${glossary.inputConfig.gcsSource.inputUri}`);
    for (const languageCode of glossary.languageCodesSet.languageCodes) {
      console.log(`Language code: ${languageCode}`);
    }
  }
}

listGlossaries();

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Python API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

from google.cloud import translate


def list_glossaries(project_id="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"):
    """List Glossaries."""

    client = translate.TranslationServiceClient()

    location = "us-central1"

    parent = f"projects/{project_id}/locations/{location}"

    # Iterate over all results
    for glossary in client.list_glossaries(parent=parent):
        print("Name: {}".format(glossary.name))
        print("Entry count: {}".format(glossary.entry_count))
        print("Input uri: {}".format(glossary.input_config.gcs_source.input_uri))

        # Note: You can create a glossary using one of two modes:
        # language_code_set or language_pair. When listing the information for
        # a glossary, you can only get information for the mode you used
        # when creating the glossary.
        for language_code in glossary.language_codes_set.language_codes:
            print("Language code: {}".format(language_code))

Delete a glossary

The following example deletes a glossary.

REST & CMD LINE

Before using any of the request data below, make the following replacements:

• project-number-or-id: your Google Cloud project number or ID
• glossary-id: your glossary ID

HTTP method and URL:

DELETE https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token) \
https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id

PowerShell

Note: Ensure you have set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable to your service account private key file path.

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method DELETE `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://translation.googleapis.com/v3/projects/project-number-or-id/locations/us-central1/glossaries/glossary-id
" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a successful status code (2xx) and an empty response.

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Go API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	translate "cloud.google.com/go/translate/apiv3"
	translatepb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/translate/v3"
)

// deleteGlossary deletes a glossary.
func deleteGlossary(w io.Writer, projectID string, location string, glossaryID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// location := "us-central1"
	// glossaryID := "glossary-id"

	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := translate.NewTranslationClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewTranslationClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	req := &translatepb.DeleteGlossaryRequest{
		Name: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/glossaries/%s", projectID, location, glossaryID),
	}

	// The DeleteGlossary operation is async.
	op, err := client.DeleteGlossary(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("DeleteGlossary: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Processing operation name: %q\n", op.Name())

	resp, err := op.Wait(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Wait: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Deleted: %v\n", resp.GetName())

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Java API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.DeleteGlossaryMetadata;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.DeleteGlossaryRequest;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.DeleteGlossaryResponse;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.GlossaryName;
import com.google.cloud.translate.v3.TranslationServiceClient;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class DeleteGlossary {

  public static void deleteGlossary() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
    String glossaryId = "your-glossary-display-name";
    deleteGlossary(projectId, glossaryId);
  }

  // Delete a specific glossary based on the glossary ID
  public static void deleteGlossary(String projectId, String glossaryId)
      throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {

    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (TranslationServiceClient client = TranslationServiceClient.create()) {
      // Supported Locations: `global`, [glossary location], or [model location]
      // Glossaries must be hosted in `us-central1`
      // Custom Models must use the same location as your model. (us-central1)
      GlossaryName glossaryName = GlossaryName.of(projectId, "us-central1", glossaryId);
      DeleteGlossaryRequest request =
          DeleteGlossaryRequest.newBuilder().setName(glossaryName.toString()).build();

      // Start an asynchronous request
      OperationFuture<DeleteGlossaryResponse, DeleteGlossaryMetadata> future =
          client.deleteGlossaryAsync(request);

      System.out.println("Waiting for operation to complete...");
      DeleteGlossaryResponse response = future.get();
      System.out.format("Deleted Glossary: %s\n", response.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Node.js API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const location = 'global';
// const glossaryId = 'YOUR_GLOSSARY_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud Translation library
const {TranslationServiceClient} = require('@google-cloud/translate');

// Instantiates a client
const translationClient = new TranslationServiceClient();

async function deleteGlossary() {
  // Construct request
  const request = {
    parent: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}`,
    name: `projects/${projectId}/locations/${location}/glossaries/${glossaryId}`,
  };

  // Delete glossary using a long-running operation
  const [operation] = await translationClient.deleteGlossary(request);

  // Wait for operation to complete.
  const [response] = await operation.promise();

  console.log(`Deleted glossary: ${response.name}`);
}

deleteGlossary();

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Translation Quickstart Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Translation Python API reference documentation.

View on GitHub Feedback

from google.cloud import translate_v3 as translate


def delete_glossary(
    project_id="YOUR_PROJECT_ID",
    glossary_id="YOUR_GLOSSARY_ID",
    timeout=180,
):
    """Delete a specific glossary based on the glossary ID."""
    client = translate.TranslationServiceClient()

    name = client.glossary_path(project_id, "us-central1", glossary_id)

    operation = client.delete_glossary(name=name)
    result = operation.result(timeout)
    print("Deleted: {}".format(result.name))