This page describes how to configure a Cloud SQL instance to use private IP.
For information about how private IP works, as well as environment and management requirements, see Private IP.
Before you begin
API and IAM requirements
- You must enable the Service Networking API for your Google Cloud project.
- In order to manage a private services access connection, the user must
have the following Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions. If you don't have the required
permissions you can get insufficient-permissions errors.
compute.networks.list
compute.addresses.create
compute.addresses.list
servicenetworking.services.addPeering
If you are using a Shared VPC network, you also need to add your user to the host project and assign the same permissions to the user on the host project.
If you are using a Shared VPC network, you also need to enable this API for the host project.
Private services access
When you create a new Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network in your project, you need to configure private services access to allocate an IP address range and create a private service connection. This allows resources in the VPC network to connect to Cloud SQL instances. The Google Cloud console provides a wizard to help you set up this configuration.
Configure an instance to use private IP
You can configure a Cloud SQL instance to use private IP when you create the instance, or for an existing instance.
Configure private IP for a new instance
To configure a Cloud SQL instance to use private IP when creating an instance:
Console
-
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.
- Click Create instance.
- Expand Show configuration options.
- Expand Connections.
- Select Private IP.
A drop-down list shows the available VPC networks in your project. If your project is the service project of a Shared VPC, then VPC networks from the host project are also shown.
- Select the VPC network you want to use.
- Click Set up connection.
- In the Allocate an IP range section, select one of the following
options:
- Select one or more existing IP ranges or create a new one from the dropdown. The dropdown includes previously allocated ranges, if there are any, or you can select Allocate a new IP range and enter a new range and name.
- Use an automatically allocated IP range in your network.
- Click Continue.
- Click Create connection.
- Verify that you see the message:
Private service connection for network VPC_NETWORK_NAME has been successfully created
. - Optionally, you can specify an allocated IP range for your instances to use for connections.
- Expand Show allocated IP range option.
- Select an IP range from the drop-down menu.
- Optional. If you want to allow other Google Cloud services, such as BigQuery, to access data in Cloud SQL and make queries against this data over a private IP connection, then select Enable private path.
- Finish configuring your instance.
- Click Create instance.
If you see a message indicating that you need to set up a private service connection, do the following:
gcloud
Before you create an instance using a private IP address, ensure that your project is configured for private services access.
Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:
INSTANCE_ID
: The instance IDPROJECT_ID
: The project IDNETWORK_PROJECT_ID
: The project ID of the VPC networkVPC_NETWORK_NAME
: The name of the VPC networkRANGE_NAME
: Optional. If specified, sets a range name for which an IP range is allocated. The range name must comply withRFC-1035
and contain 1-63 characters.REGION_NAME
: The region name
--network
parameter. To disable public IP, use the
--no-assign-ip
flag.
Also, optionally, use the --enable-google-private-path
parameter to allow other Google Cloud services such as
BigQuery to access data in Cloud SQL and make queries against this
data over a private IP connection. This parameter is valid only if:
- You use the
--no-assign-ip
parameter. - You use the
--network
parameter to specify the name of the VPC network that you want to use to create a private connection.
gcloud beta sql instances create INSTANCE_ID \ --project=PROJECT_ID \ --network=projects/NETWORK_PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME \ --no-assign-ip \ --allocated-ip-range-name=RANGE_NAME \ --enable-google-private-path
Terraform
To configure private IP for a new instance, use the following Terraform resources:
google_compute_network
google_compute_global_address
google_service_networking_connection
google_sql_database_instance
Apply the changes
To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.
Prepare Cloud Shell
- Launch Cloud Shell.
-
Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.
You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID
Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.
Prepare the directory
Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).
-
In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new
file within that directory. The filename must have the
.tf
extension—for examplemain.tf
. In this tutorial, the file is referred to asmain.tf
.mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf
-
If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.
Copy the sample code into the newly created
main.tf
.Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.
- Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
- Save your changes.
-
Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.
terraform init
Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the
-upgrade
option:terraform init -upgrade
Apply the changes
-
Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or
update match your expectations:
terraform plan
Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.
-
Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering
yes
at the prompt:terraform apply
Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.
- Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.
Delete the changes
To delete your changes, do the following:
- To disable deletion protection, in your Terraform configuration file set the
deletion_protection
argument tofalse
.deletion_protection = "false"
- Apply the updated Terraform configuration by running the following command and
entering
yes
at the prompt:terraform apply
-
Remove resources previously applied with your Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering
yes
at the prompt:terraform destroy
REST v1
Create a new instance with a private IP address:
Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:
- PROJECT_ID: The project ID
- INSTANCE_ID: The instance ID
- VPC_NETWORK_NAME: Specify the name of the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network that you want to use for this instance. Private services access must already be configured for the network.
- RANGE_NAME: Optional. If specified, sets a range name for which an IP range
is allocated. The range name must comply with
RFC-1035
and contain 1-63 characters. - AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS: For public IP connections, specify the connections from authorized networks that can connect to your instance.
For the ipv4Enabled
parameter, set the value to true
if you're using a public IP address for your instance or false
if your instance has a
private IP address.
If you set the enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices
parameter to true
,
then you allow other Google Cloud services, such as BigQuery, to access data in
Cloud SQL and make queries against this data over a private IP connection. By setting this parameter to
false
, other Google Cloud services can't access data in Cloud SQL over a private IP connection.
HTTP method and URL:
POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances
Request JSON body:
{ "name": "INSTANCE_ID", "region": "region", "databaseVersion": "database-version", "settings": { "tier": "machine-type", "ipConfiguration": { "ipv4Enabled": false, "privateNetwork": "projects/PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME", "allocatedIpRange": "RANGE_NAME" "authorizedNetworks": [AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS], "enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices": true } } }
To send your request, expand one of these options:
You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:
REST v1beta4
Create a new instance with a private IP address:
Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:
- PROJECT_ID: The project ID
- INSTANCE_ID: The instance ID
- VPC_NETWORK_NAME: Specify the name of the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network that you want to use for this instance. Private services access must already be configured for the network.
- RANGE_NAME: Optional. If specified, sets a range name for which an IP range
is allocated. The range name must comply with
RFC-1035
and contain 1-63 characters. - AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS: For public IP connections, specify the connections from authorized networks that can connect to your instance.
For the ipv4Enabled
parameter, set the value to true
if you're using a public IP address for your instance or false
if your instance has a
private IP address.
If you set the enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices
parameter to true
,
then you allow other Google Cloud services, such as BigQuery, to access data in
Cloud SQL and make queries against this data over a private IP connection. By setting this parameter to
false
, other Google Cloud services can't access data in Cloud SQL over a private IP connection.
HTTP method and URL:
POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1beta4/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances
Request JSON body:
{ "name": "INSTANCE_ID", "region": "region", "databaseVersion": "database-version", "settings": { "tier": "machine-type", "ipConfiguration": { "ipv4Enabled": false, "privateNetwork": "projects/PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME", "allocatedIpRange": "RANGE_NAME" "authorizedNetworks": [AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS], "enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices": true } } }
To send your request, expand one of these options:
You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:
Configure private IP for an existing instance
Configuring an existing Cloud SQL instance to use private IP causes the instance to restart, resulting in downtime.
To configure an existing instance to use private IP:
Console
-
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.
- To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
- Select Connections from the Cloud SQL navigation menu.
- On the Networking tab, select the Private IP checkbox.
A drop-down list shows the available networks in your project.
- Select the VPC network you want to use:
- Click Set up connection.
- In the Allocate an IP range section, choose one of the following options:
- Select one or more existing IP ranges or create a new one from the dropdown. The dropdown includes previously allocated ranges, if there are any, or you can select Allocate a new IP range and enter a new range and name.
- Use an automatically allocated IP range in your network.
- Click Continue.
- Click Create connection.
- Verify that you see the Private service connection for
network
VPC_NETWORK_NAME
has been successfully created status. - Optional. If you want to allow other Google Cloud services, such as BigQuery, to access data in Cloud SQL and make queries against this data over a private IP connection, then select the Enable private path check box.
- Click Save.
If you see Private service connection required:
gcloud
Ensure your project is configured for private services access.
Update your Cloud SQL instance by using the
--network
parameter
to specify the name of your selected VPC network.
gcloud beta sql instances patch INSTANCE_ID \ --project=PROJECT_ID \ --network=projects/NETWORK_PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME \ --no-assign-ip \ --enable-google-private-path
REST v1
Create a new instance with a private IP address:
Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:
- PROJECT_ID: The project ID
- INSTANCE_ID: The instance ID
- VPC_NETWORK_NAME: Specify the name of the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network that you want to use for this instance. Private services access must already be configured for the network.
- RANGE_NAME: Optional. If specified, sets a range name for which an IP range
is allocated. The range name must comply with
RFC-1035
and contain 1-63 characters. - AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS: For public IP connections, specify the connections from authorized networks that can connect to your instance.
For the ipv4Enabled
parameter, set the value to true
if you're using a public IP address for your instance or false
if your instance has a
private IP address.
If you set the enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices
parameter to true
,
then you allow other Google Cloud services, such as BigQuery, to access data in
Cloud SQL and make queries against this data over a private IP connection. By setting this parameter to
false
, other Google Cloud services can't access data in Cloud SQL over a private IP connection.
HTTP method and URL:
PATCH https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances/INSTANCE_ID
Request JSON body:
{ "settings": { "ipConfiguration": { "ipv4Enabled": false, "privateNetwork": "projects/PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME", "allocatedIpRange": "RANGE_NAME" "authorizedNetworks": [AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS], "enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices": true } } }
To send your request, expand one of these options:
You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:
REST v1beta4
Create a new instance with a private IP address:
Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:
- PROJECT_ID: The project ID
- INSTANCE_ID: The instance ID
- VPC_NETWORK_NAME: Specify the name of the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network that you want to use for this instance. Private services access must already be configured for the network.
- RANGE_NAME: Optional. If specified, sets a range name for which an IP range
is allocated. The range name must comply with
RFC-1035
and contain 1-63 characters. - AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS: For public IP connections, specify the connections from authorized networks that can connect to your instance.
For the ipv4Enabled
parameter, set the value to true
if you're using a public IP address for your instance or false
if your instance has a
private IP address.
If you set the enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices
parameter to true
,
then you allow other Google Cloud services, such as BigQuery, to access data in
Cloud SQL and make queries against this data over a private IP connection. By setting this parameter to
false
, other Google Cloud services can't access data in Cloud SQL over a private IP connection.
HTTP method and URL:
PATCH https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances/INSTANCE_ID
Request JSON body:
{ "settings": { "ipConfiguration": { "ipv4Enabled": false, "privateNetwork": "projects/PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME", "allocatedIpRange": "RANGE_NAME" "authorizedNetworks": [AUTHORIZED_NETWORKS], "enablePrivatePathForGoogleCloudServices": true } } }
To send your request, expand one of these options:
You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:
Connect to an instance using its Private IP
You use private services access to connect to Cloud SQL instances from Compute Engine or Google Kubernetes Engine instances in the same VPC network (defined here as internal sources) or from outside of that network (an external source).
Connect from an internal source
To connect from a source in the same Google Cloud project as your Cloud SQL instance, such as the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy running on a Compute Engine resource, that resource must be in the same VPC network where private services access has been established for the Cloud SQL instance.
To connect from a serverless source, such as App Engine standard environment, Cloud Run, or Cloud Run functions, your application or function connects directly to your instance through Serverless VPC Access without the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy.
Connect from an external source
If an external network (for example, an on-premises network or a VPC network), is connected to the VPC network to which your Cloud SQL instance is connected, then you can use Cloud VPN or Cloud Interconnect to connect to the instance from a client in the external network.
To permit connections from an external network, do the following:
- Ensure your VPC network is connected to the external network using a Cloud VPN tunnel or a VLAN attachment for Dedicated Interconnect or Partner Interconnect.
- Ensure the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) sessions on the
Cloud Routers managing your Cloud VPN tunnels and
Cloud Interconnect attachments (VLANs) have received specific
prefixes (destinations) from your on-premises network.
Default routes (destination 0.0.0.0/0) cannot be imported into the Cloud SQL VPC network because that network has its own local default route. Local routes for a destination are used even though the Cloud SQL peering is configured to import custom routes from your VPC network.
-
Identify the peering connections produced by the private services
connection. Depending on the service, the private services connection might
create one or more of the following peering connections, but not necessarily all
of them:
cloudsql-mysql-googleapis-com
cloudsql-postgres-googleapis-com
servicenetworking-googleapis-com
- Update all of the peering connections to enable Export custom routes.
- Identify the allocated range used by the private services connection.
- Configure Cloud Router custom advertisement mode for the allocated range on the Cloud Routers managing BGP sessions for your Cloud VPN tunnels or Cloud Interconnect attachments (VLANs).
Connect from Cloud Shell
Cloud Shell doesn't support connecting to a Cloud SQL instance that has only a private IP address.
Connect from non-RFC 1918 IP addresses
RFC 1918 specifies IP addresses that are assigned to be used internally (that is, within an organization) and will not route on the Internet. Specifically, these are:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/12
- 192.168.0.0/16
Connections to a Cloud SQL instance using a private IP address are automatically authorized for RFC 1918 address ranges. This way, all private clients can access the database without going through the proxy.
To connect from a non-RFC 1918 IP address, you must set per-instance IP authorization to allow traffic from non-RFC 1918 IP address ranges.
For example, use a gcloud
command like the following:
gcloud sql instances patch INSTANCE_NAME \ --authorized-networks=192.88.99.0/24,11.0.0.0/24
Cloud SQL doesn't learn non-RFC 1918 subnet routes from your VPC network by default. You need to update the network peering to Cloud SQL to export any non-RFC 1918 routes.
gcloud compute networks peerings update PEERING_CONNECTION \ --network=VPC_NETWORK_NAME \ --export-subnet-routes-with-public-ip \ --project=PROJECT_ID
PEERING_CONNECTION
is the name of the peering connection produced by the private services connection between your VPC network and the service producer network.VPC_NETWORK_NAME
is the name of your VPC network.PROJECT_ID
is the ID of the project of the VPC network. If you're using Shared VPC, then use the host project ID.
Replace the following:
To mitigate IP address exhaustion, you can use privately used public IP addresses.
Connect from privately used public IP addresses
If you want to configure your instance in a privately used public IP address range, then enable
export-subnet-routes-with-public-ip
on the network peering between your network
and the Cloud SQL network.
gcloud compute networks peerings update PEERING_CONNECTION \ --network=VPC_NETWORK_NAME \ --export-subnet-routes-with-public-ip \ --project=PROJECT_ID
PEERING_CONNECTION
is the name of the peering connection produced by the private services connection between your VPC network and the service producer network. To know the name of the peering connection, go to the VPC network peering page.VPC_NETWORK_NAME
is the name of your VPC network.PROJECT_ID
is the ID of the project of the VPC network. If you're using Shared VPC, then use the host project ID.
Replace the following:
Connect to an instance configured with privately used public IP addresses
If your instance is configured in a privately used public IP address range
and you want to connect to it,
then enable import-subnet-routes-with-public-ip
on the network peering
between your network and the Cloud SQL network.
gcloud compute networks peerings update PEERING_CONNECTION \ --network=VPC_NETWORK_NAME \ --import-subnet-routes-with-public-ip \ --project=PROJECT_ID
PEERING_CONNECTION
is the name of the peering connection produced by the private services connection between your VPC network and the service producer network. To know the name of the peering connection, go to the VPC network peering page.VPC_NETWORK_NAME
is the name of your VPC network.PROJECT_ID
is the ID of the project of the VPC network. Use the host project ID if you're using Shared VPC.
Replace the following:
Connect by using a write endpoint
In addition to a private IP address, you can use a write endpoint in a SQL connection string. A write endpoint is a global domain name service (DNS) name that resolves to the IP address of the current primary instance automatically. By using a write endpoint, you can avoid having to make application connection changes when a regional outage occurs.
If a replica failover or switchover occurs, then the write endpoint can help manage private IP addresses of instances. When this happens, use the write endpoint to connect to the instance that acts as the primary instance.
How Cloud SQL creates a write endpoint
If you enable the Cloud DNS API for your Google Cloud project, and then you create a primary Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition instance, promote the replica for the instance, or upgrade the instance from Cloud SQL Enterprise edition, Cloud SQL generates a write endpoint automatically and assigns it to the instance.
If the primary instance changes during the switchover or failover processes, then Cloud SQL assigns the write endpoint to the failover replica because this replica is the new primary instance.For more information about obtaining the write endpoint for the instance, see View instance information.
Assign a write endpoint to an instance
If you don't enable the Cloud DNS API for your Google Cloud project, and then you create, promote, or upgrade your instance, Cloud SQL doesn't assign the write endpoint to the instance automatically.
To have Cloud SQL generate a write endpoint and assign it to the instance, complete the following steps:
-
Enable the Cloud DNS API.
Console
-
In the Google Cloud console, go to the APIs page.
- Click the Cloud DNS API.
- Enable the API.
gcloud
Click the following button to open Cloud Shell, which provides command-line access to your Google Cloud resources directly from the browser.
To enable the API, run the following
gcloud services enable
command:gcloud services enable dns.googleapis.com
-
Create a replica that's enabled for advanced disaster recovery. As a result, Cloud SQL generates the write endpoint and assigns it to the instance.
- To retrieve the write endpoint, use the
gcloud sql instances describe
command:gcloud sql instances describe INSTANCE_NAME | grep psaWriteEndpoint
Replace INSTANCE_NAME with the name of your Cloud SQL instance.
Troubleshoot
See troubleshooting for known connectivity issues, and also debugging connection issues for help with self-diagnostics.
What's next
- Learn more about private IP.
- Learn more about private services access.
- See how to use VPC Service Controls to add a service perimeter.
- Learn more about configuring private services access.
- Learn more about configuring private services access for Cloud SQL.
- Learn more about Cloud VPN.
- Learn more about VPC networks.
- Learn more about VPC Network Peering.
- Learn more about Shared VPC.