[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["難以理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["資訊或程式碼範例有誤","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["缺少我需要的資訊/範例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],[],[],[],null,["# Whitepapers\n\n- [### Spanner: Becoming a SQL System (SIGMOD 2017) open_in_new\n This paper highlights the database DNA of Spanner. It describes distributed query execution in the presence of resharding, query restarts upon transient failures, range extraction that drives query routing and index seeks, and the improved blockwise-columnar storage format.](https://research.google/pubs/spanner-becoming-a-sql-system/)\n- [### Spanner, TrueTime, and the CAP Theorem open_in_new\n How Spanner provides scale, ACID transactions, high\n availability, and low latency.](https://research.google/pubs/spanner-truetime-and-the-cap-theorem/)\n- [### Life of Spanner Reads and Writes\n How writes and reads work in Spanner and how Spanner ensures strong consistency.](/spanner/docs/whitepapers/life-of-reads-and-writes)\n- [### Life of a Spanner Query\n How Spanner supports SQL queries.](/spanner/docs/whitepapers/life-of-query)\n- [### Optimizing Schema Design for Spanner\n How to model your data to ensure that your application can scale and perform as it grows in various dimensions.](/spanner/docs/whitepapers/optimizing-schema-design)\n- [### Spanner: Google's Globally Distributed Database (OSDI 2012) open_in_new\n This paper describes the systems aspects of Spanner, such as scalability, automatic sharding, fault tolerance, consistent replication, external consistency, and wide-area distribution.](https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/)\n- [### Failure scenarios and resiliency with Spanneropen_in_new\n Explore the different failure scenarios of Spanner categorized into three levels of severity--including when operating outside of Google Cloud.](https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/spanner-failover-and-resiliency-whitepaper.pdf)\n- [### How chaos testing adds extra reliability to Spanner's fault-tolerant designopen_in_new\n How Spanner uses chaos testing, the process of deliberately injecting faults into production-like instances of the database.](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases/chaos-testing-spanner-improves-reiliability)\n- [### Data Protection and Recovery Solutions in Spanneropen_in_new\n Provide a guide to Google Cloud technical practitioners on configuring Spanner for data protection and recovery to meet backup and recovery, business continuity, and compliance needs.](https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/spanner_data_protection_whitepaper_final_2.pdf)\n- [### Building applications with Spanner full-text search (FTS)\n Describes what is unique about Spanner FTS and how you can\n use FTS to build and operate applications with advanced search capabilities\n without having to copy and index data and run dedicated search solutions.](https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/building_applications_with_spanner_full_text_search.pdf)"]]
