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对嵌套 STRUCT 的字段访问权限

使用嵌套 STRUCT 的字段访问权限查询数据。

深入探索

如需查看包含此代码示例的详细文档，请参阅以下内容：

使用 STRUCT 对象

代码示例

C++

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

void FieldAccessOnNestedStruct(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  // Cloud Spanner STRUCT<> with named fields is represented as
  // tuple<pair<string, T>...>. Create a type alias for this example:
  using SingerFullName = std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
                                    std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;
  auto make_name = [](std::string fname, std::string lname) {
    return SingerFullName({"FirstName", std::move(fname)},
                          {"LastName", std::move(lname)});
  };
  using SongInfo =
      std::tuple<std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
                 std::pair<std::string, std::vector<SingerFullName>>>;
  auto songinfo = SongInfo(
      {"SongName", "Imagination"},
      {"ArtistNames",
       {make_name("Elena", "Campbell"), make_name("Hannah", "Harris")}});

  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT SingerId, @songinfo.SongName FROM Singers"
      " WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName)"
      "    IN UNNEST(@songinfo.ArtistNames)",
      {{"songinfo", spanner::Value(songinfo)}}));

  using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, std::string>;
  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row)
              << " SongName: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\n";
  }
  std::cout << "Query completed for [spanner_field_access_on_nested_struct]\n";
}

C#

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。


using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class QueryDataWithNestedStructFieldAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<int>> QueryDataWithNestedStructFieldAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        SpannerStruct name1 = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Elena" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" }
        };
        SpannerStruct name2 = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Hannah" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Harris" }
        };
        SpannerStruct songInfo = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "song_name", SpannerDbType.String, "Imagination" },
            { "artistNames", SpannerDbType.ArrayOf(name1.GetSpannerDbType()), new[] { name1, name2 } }
        };

        var singerIds = new List<int>();
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand(
            "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.song_name "
            + "FROM Singers WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
            + "IN UNNEST(@song_info.artistNames)");

        cmd.Parameters.Add("song_info", songInfo.GetSpannerDbType(), songInfo);

        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            var singerId = reader.GetFieldValue<int>("SingerId");
            singerIds.Add(singerId);
            Console.WriteLine($"SingerId: {singerId}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Song Name: {reader.GetFieldValue<string>(1)}");
        }
        return singerIds;
    }
}

Go

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func queryWithNestedStructField(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	type nameType struct {
		FirstName string
		LastName  string
	}
	type songInfoStruct struct {
		SongName    string
		ArtistNames []nameType
	}
	var songInfo = songInfoStruct{
		SongName: "Imagination",
		ArtistNames: []nameType{
			{FirstName: "Elena", LastName: "Campbell"},
			{FirstName: "Hannah", LastName: "Harris"},
		},
	}
	stmt := spanner.Statement{
		SQL: `SELECT SingerId, @songinfo.SongName FROM Singers
			WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName)
			IN UNNEST(@songinfo.ArtistNames)`,
		Params: map[string]interface{}{"songinfo": songInfo},
	}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var singerID int64
		var songName string
		if err := row.Columns(&singerID, &songName); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %s\n", singerID, songName)
	}
}

Java

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

static void queryNestedStructField(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  Type nameType =
      Type.struct(
          Arrays.asList(
              StructField.of("FirstName", Type.string()),
              StructField.of("LastName", Type.string())));

  Struct songInfo =
      Struct.newBuilder()
          .set("song_name")
          .to("Imagination")
          .set("artistNames")
          .toStructArray(
              nameType,
              Arrays.asList(
                  Struct.newBuilder()
                      .set("FirstName")
                      .to("Elena")
                      .set("LastName")
                      .to("Campbell")
                      .build(),
                  Struct.newBuilder()
                      .set("FirstName")
                      .to("Hannah")
                      .set("LastName")
                      .to("Harris")
                      .build()))
          .build();
  Statement s =
      Statement.newBuilder(
              "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.song_name "
                  + "FROM Singers WHERE "
                  + "STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
                  + "IN UNNEST(@song_info.artistNames)")
          .bind("song_info")
          .to(songInfo)
          .build();
  try (ResultSet resultSet = dbClient.singleUse().executeQuery(s)) {
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      System.out.printf("%d %s\n", resultSet.getLong("SingerId"), resultSet.getString(1));
    }
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const nameType = {
  type: 'struct',
  fields: [
    {
      name: 'FirstName',
      type: 'string',
    },
    {
      name: 'LastName',
      type: 'string',
    },
  ],
};

// Creates Song info STRUCT with a nested ArtistNames array
const songInfoType = {
  type: 'struct',
  fields: [
    {
      name: 'SongName',
      type: 'string',
    },
    {
      name: 'ArtistNames',
      type: 'array',
      child: nameType,
    },
  ],
};

const songInfoStruct = Spanner.struct({
  SongName: 'Imagination',
  ArtistNames: [
    Spanner.struct({FirstName: 'Elena', LastName: 'Campbell'}),
    Spanner.struct({FirstName: 'Hannah', LastName: 'Harris'}),
  ],
});

const query = {
  sql:
    'SELECT SingerId, @songInfo.SongName FROM Singers ' +
    'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) ' +
    'IN UNNEST(@songInfo.ArtistNames)',
  params: {
    songInfo: songInfoStruct,
  },
  types: {
    songInfo: songInfoType,
  },
};

// Queries rows from the Singers table
try {
  const [rows] = await database.run(query);

  rows.forEach(row => {
    const json = row.toJSON();
    console.log(`SingerId: ${json.SingerId}, SongName: ${json.SongName}`);
  });
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Database;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructType;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructValue;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\ArrayType;

/**
 * Queries sample data from the database using a nested struct field value.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * query_data_with_nested_struct_field($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function query_data_with_nested_struct_field(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $nameType = new ArrayType(
        (new StructType)
            ->add('FirstName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
            ->add('LastName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
    );
    $songInfoType = (new StructType)
        ->add('SongName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
        ->add('ArtistNames', $nameType);
    $nameStructValue1 = (new StructValue)
        ->add('FirstName', 'Elena')
        ->add('LastName', 'Campbell');
    $nameStructValue2 = (new StructValue)
        ->add('FirstName', 'Hannah')
        ->add('LastName', 'Harris');
    $songInfoValues = (new StructValue)
        ->add('SongName', 'Imagination')
        ->add('ArtistNames', [$nameStructValue1, $nameStructValue2]);
    $results = $database->execute(
        'SELECT SingerId, @song_info.SongName FROM Singers ' .
        'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) ' .
        'IN UNNEST(@song_info.ArtistNames)',
        [
            'parameters' => [
                'song_info' => $songInfoValues
            ],
            'types' => [
                'song_info' => $songInfoType
            ]
        ]
    );
    foreach ($results as $row) {
        printf('SingerId: %s SongName: %s' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['SingerId'], $row['SongName']);
    }
}

Python

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def query_nested_struct_field(instance_id, database_id):
    """Query a table using nested field access on a STRUCT parameter."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    song_info_type = param_types.Struct(
        [
            param_types.StructField("SongName", param_types.STRING),
            param_types.StructField(
                "ArtistNames",
                param_types.Array(
                    param_types.Struct(
                        [
                            param_types.StructField("FirstName", param_types.STRING),
                            param_types.StructField("LastName", param_types.STRING),
                        ]
                    )
                ),
            ),
        ]
    )

    song_info = ("Imagination", [("Elena", "Campbell"), ("Hannah", "Harris")])

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.SongName "
            "FROM Singers WHERE "
            "STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>"
            "(FirstName, LastName) "
            "IN UNNEST(@song_info.ArtistNames)",
            params={"song_info": song_info},
            param_types={"song_info": song_info_type},
        )

    for row in results:
        print("SingerId: {} SongName: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

name_type = client.fields FirstName: :STRING, LastName: :STRING

song_info_struct = {
  SongName:    "Imagination",
  ArtistNames: [name_type.struct(["Elena", "Campbell"]), name_type.struct(["Hannah", "Harris"])]
}

client.execute(
  "SELECT SingerId, @song_info.SongName " \
  "FROM Singers WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) " \
  "IN UNNEST(@song_info.ArtistNames)",
  params: { song_info: song_info_struct }
).rows.each do |row|
  puts (row[:SingerId]), (row[:SongName])
end

后续步骤

如需搜索和过滤其他 Google Cloud 产品的代码示例，请参阅 Google Cloud 示例浏览器。