并行读取数据

通过将查询划分为较小部分（即分区）以及并行提取分区来并行读取数据。

深入探索

如需查看包含此代码示例的详细文档，请参阅以下内容：

• 事务之外的读取

代码示例

C++

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

void UsePartitionQuery(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto txn = spanner::MakeReadOnlyTransaction();

  spanner::SqlStatement select(
      "SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers");
  using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, std::string, std::string>;

  auto partitions = client.PartitionQuery(
      std::move(txn), std::move(select),
      google::cloud::Options{}.set<spanner::PartitionDataBoostOption>(true));
  if (!partitions) throw std::move(partitions).status();

  // You would probably choose to execute these partitioned queries in
  // separate threads/processes, or on a different machine.
  int number_of_rows = 0;
  for (auto const& partition : *partitions) {
    auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(partition);
    for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
      if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
      number_of_rows++;
    }
  }
  std::cout << "Number of partitions: " << partitions->size() << "\n"
            << "Number of rows: " << number_of_rows << "\n";
  std::cout << "Read completed for [spanner_batch_client]\n";
}

C#

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class BatchReadRecordsAsyncSample
{
    private int _rowsRead;
    private int _partitionCount;
    public async Task<(int RowsRead, int Partitions)> BatchReadRecordsAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var transaction = await connection.BeginTransactionAsync(SpannerTransactionCreationOptions.ReadOnly.WithIsDetached(true), cancellationToken: default);
        transaction.DisposeBehavior = DisposeBehavior.CloseResources;
        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand("SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers");
        cmd.Transaction = transaction;

        // A CommandPartition object is serializable and can be used from a different process.
        // If data boost is enabled, partitioned read and query requests will be executed
        // using Spanner independent compute resources.
        var partitions = await cmd.GetReaderPartitionsAsync(PartitionOptions.Default.WithDataBoostEnabled(true));

        var transactionId = transaction.TransactionId;
        await Task.WhenAll(partitions.Select(x => DistributedReadWorkerAsync(x, transactionId)));
        Console.WriteLine($"Done reading!  Total rows read: {_rowsRead:N0} with {_partitionCount} partition(s)");
        return (RowsRead: _rowsRead, Partitions: _partitionCount);
    }

    private async Task DistributedReadWorkerAsync(CommandPartition readPartition, TransactionId id)
    {
        var localId = Interlocked.Increment(ref _partitionCount);
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(id.ConnectionString);
        using var transaction = await connection.BeginTransactionAsync(SpannerTransactionCreationOptions.FromReadOnlyTransactionId(id), cancellationToken: default);
        using var cmd = connection.CreateCommandWithPartition(readPartition, transaction);
        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            Interlocked.Increment(ref _rowsRead);
            Console.WriteLine($"Partition ({localId}) "
                + $"{reader.GetFieldValue<int>("SingerId")}"
                + $" {reader.GetFieldValue<string>("FirstName")}"
                + $" {reader.GetFieldValue<string>("LastName")}");
        }
        Console.WriteLine($"Done with single reader {localId}.");
    }
}

Go

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func readBatchData(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	txn, err := client.BatchReadOnlyTransaction(ctx, spanner.StrongRead())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer txn.Close()

	// Singer represents a row in the Singers table.
	type Singer struct {
		SingerID   int64
		FirstName  string
		LastName   string
		SingerInfo []byte
	}
	stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: "SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers;"}
	// A Partition object is serializable and can be used from a different process.
	// DataBoost option is an optional parameter which can also be used for partition read
	// and query to execute the request via spanner independent compute resources.
	partitions, err := txn.PartitionQueryWithOptions(ctx, stmt, spanner.PartitionOptions{}, spanner.QueryOptions{DataBoostEnabled: true})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	recordCount := 0
	for i, p := range partitions {
		iter := txn.Execute(ctx, p)
		defer iter.Stop()
		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			} else if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			var s Singer
			if err := row.ToStruct(&s); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Partition (%d) %v\n", i, s)
			recordCount++
		}
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Total partition count: %v\n", len(partitions))
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Total record count: %v\n", recordCount)
	return nil
}

Java

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

int numThreads = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(numThreads);

// Statistics
int totalPartitions;
AtomicInteger totalRecords = new AtomicInteger(0);

try {
  BatchClient batchClient =
      spanner.getBatchClient(DatabaseId.of(options.getProjectId(), instanceId, databaseId));

  final BatchReadOnlyTransaction txn =
      batchClient.batchReadOnlyTransaction(TimestampBound.strong());

  // A Partition object is serializable and can be used from a different process.
  // DataBoost option is an optional parameter which can be used for partition read
  // and query to execute the request via spanner independent compute resources.

  List<Partition> partitions =
      txn.partitionQuery(
          PartitionOptions.getDefaultInstance(),
          Statement.of("SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers"),
          // Option to enable data boost for a given request
          Options.dataBoostEnabled(true));

  totalPartitions = partitions.size();

  for (final Partition p : partitions) {
    executor.execute(
        () -> {
          try (ResultSet results = txn.execute(p)) {
            while (results.next()) {
              long singerId = results.getLong(0);
              String firstName = results.getString(1);
              String lastName = results.getString(2);
              System.out.println("[" + singerId + "] " + firstName + " " + lastName);
              totalRecords.getAndIncrement();
            }
          }
        });
  }
} finally {
  executor.shutdown();
  executor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.HOURS);
  spanner.close();
}

double avgRecordsPerPartition = 0.0;
if (totalPartitions != 0) {
  avgRecordsPerPartition = (double) totalRecords.get() / totalPartitions;
}
System.out.println("totalPartitions=" + totalPartitions);
System.out.println("totalRecords=" + totalRecords);
System.out.println("avgRecordsPerPartition=" + avgRecordsPerPartition);

Node.js

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);
const [transaction] = await database.createBatchTransaction();

const query = {
  sql: 'SELECT * FROM Singers',
  // DataBoost option is an optional parameter which can also be used for partition read
  // and query to execute the request via spanner independent compute resources.
  dataBoostEnabled: true,
};

// A Partition object is serializable and can be used from a different process.
const [partitions] = await transaction.createQueryPartitions(query);
console.log(`Successfully created ${partitions.length} query partitions.`);

let row_count = 0;
const promises = [];
partitions.forEach(partition => {
  promises.push(
    transaction.execute(partition).then(results => {
      const rows = results[0].map(row => row.toJSON());
      row_count += rows.length;
    })
  );
});
Promise.all(promises)
  .then(() => {
    console.log(
      `Successfully received ${row_count} from executed partitions.`
    );
    transaction.close();
  })
  .then(() => {
    database.close();
  });

PHP

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Queries sample data from the database using SQL.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * batch_query_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function batch_query_data(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $batch = $spanner->batch($instanceId, $databaseId);
    $snapshot = $batch->snapshot();
    $queryString = 'SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers';
    $partitions = $snapshot->partitionQuery($queryString, [
        // This is an optional parameter which can be used for partition
        // read and query to execute the request via spanner independent
        // compute resources.
        'dataBoostEnabled' => true
    ]);
    $totalPartitions = count($partitions);
    $totalRecords = 0;
    foreach ($partitions as $partition) {
        $result = $snapshot->executePartition($partition);
        $rows = $result->rows();
        foreach ($rows as $row) {
            $singerId = $row['SingerId'];
            $firstName = $row['FirstName'];
            $lastName = $row['LastName'];
            printf('SingerId: %s, FirstName: %s, LastName: %s' . PHP_EOL, $singerId, $firstName, $lastName);
            $totalRecords++;
        }
    }
    printf('Total Partitions: %d' . PHP_EOL, $totalPartitions);
    printf('Total Records: %d' . PHP_EOL, $totalRecords);
    $averageRecordsPerPartition = $totalRecords / $totalPartitions;
    printf('Average Records Per Partition: %f' . PHP_EOL, $averageRecordsPerPartition);
}

Python

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def run_batch_query(instance_id, database_id):
    """Runs an example batch query."""

    # Expected Table Format:
    # CREATE TABLE Singers (
    #   SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,
    #   FirstName  STRING(1024),
    #   LastName   STRING(1024),
    #   SingerInfo BYTES(MAX),
    # ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId);

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    # Create the batch transaction and generate partitions
    snapshot = database.batch_snapshot()
    partitions = snapshot.generate_read_batches(
        table="Singers",
        columns=("SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"),
        keyset=spanner.KeySet(all_=True),
        # A Partition object is serializable and can be used from a different process.
        # DataBoost option is an optional parameter which can also be used for partition read
        # and query to execute the request via spanner independent compute resources.
        data_boost_enabled=True,
    )

    # Create a pool of workers for the tasks
    start = time.time()
    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
        futures = [executor.submit(process, snapshot, p) for p in partitions]

        for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures, timeout=3600):
            finish, row_ct = future.result()
            elapsed = finish - start
            print("Completed {} rows in {} seconds".format(row_ct, elapsed))

    # Clean up
    snapshot.close()


def process(snapshot, partition):
    """Processes the requests of a query in an separate process."""
    print("Started processing partition.")
    row_ct = 0
    for row in snapshot.process_read_batch(partition):
        print("SingerId: {}, AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}".format(*row))
        row_ct += 1
    return time.time(), row_ct

Ruby

如需了解如何安装和使用 Spanner 客户端库，请参阅 Spanner 客户端库。

如需向 Spanner 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

# Prepare a thread pool with number of processors
processor_count  = Concurrent.processor_count
thread_pool      = Concurrent::FixedThreadPool.new processor_count

# Prepare AtomicFixnum to count total records using multiple threads
total_records = Concurrent::AtomicFixnum.new

# Create a new Spanner batch client
spanner        = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
batch_client   = spanner.batch_client instance_id, database_id

# Get a strong timestamp bound batch_snapshot
batch_snapshot = batch_client.batch_snapshot strong: true

# Get partitions for specified query
# data_boost_enabled option is an optional parameter which can be used for partition read
# and query to execute the request via spanner independent compute resources.
partitions       = batch_snapshot.partition_query "SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers", data_boost_enabled: true
total_partitions = partitions.size

# Enqueue a new thread pool job
partitions.each_with_index do |partition, _partition_index|
  thread_pool.post do
    # Increment total_records per new row
    batch_snapshot.execute_partition(partition).rows.each do |_row|
      total_records.increment
    end
  end
end

# Wait for queued jobs to complete
thread_pool.shutdown
thread_pool.wait_for_termination

# Close the client connection and release resources.
batch_snapshot.close

# Collect statistics for batch query
average_records_per_partition = 0.0
if total_partitions != 0
  average_records_per_partition = total_records.value / total_partitions.to_f
end

puts "Total Partitions: #{total_partitions}"
puts "Total Records: #{total_records.value}"
puts "Average records per Partition: #{average_records_per_partition}"

后续步骤

如需搜索和过滤其他 Google Cloud 产品的代码示例，请参阅 Google Cloud 示例浏览器。