Associate a schema with a topic

This document shows you how to associate schemas for Pub/Sub topics.

Before you begin

• Understand how Pub/Sub schemas work.
• Create a schema.

Required roles and permissions

To get the permissions that you need to associate and manage schemas, ask your administrator to grant you the Pub/Sub Editor (roles/pubsub.editor) IAM role on your project. For more information about granting roles, see Manage access.

This predefined role contains the permissions required to associate and manage schemas. To see the exact permissions that are required, expand the Required permissions section:

Required permissions

The following permissions are required to associate and manage schemas:

• Create schema: pubsub.schemas.create
• Attach schema to topic: pubsub.schemas.attach
• Commit a schema revision: pubsub.schemas.commit
• Delete a schema or a schema revision: pubsub.schemas.delete
• Get a schema or schema revisions: pubsub.schemas.get
• List schemas: pubsub.schemas.list
• List schema revisions: pubsub.schemas.listRevisions
• Rollback a schema: pubsub.schemas.rollback
• Validate a message: pubsub.schemas.validate
• Get the IAM policy for a schema: pubsub.schemas.getIamPolicy
• Configure the IAM policy for a schema: pubsub.schemas.setIamPolicy

You might also be able to get these permissions with custom roles or other predefined roles.

You can grant roles and permissions to principals such as users, groups, domains, or service accounts. You can create a schema in one project and attach it to a topic located in a different project. Ensure that you have the required permissions for each project.

Guidelines to associate a schema with a topic

You can associate a schema with a topic when you create or edit a topic. Here are the guidelines for associating a schema with a topic:

• You can associate a schema with one or more topics.

  After a schema is associated with a topic, every message that the topic receives from the publishers must follow that schema.

• When you associate a schema with a topic, you must also specify the encoding of the messages to be published as BINARY or JSON. If using JSON with an Avro schema, pay close attention to the encoding rules for unions.

• If a schema associated with a topic has revisions, messages must match the encoding and validate against a revision within the available range. If they don't validate, the message fails to publish.

  Revisions are tried in reverse chronological order that is based on creation time. To create a schema revision, see Commit a schema revision.

Validation logic for a message schema

When you associate a schema with a topic and if the schema has revisions, you can specify a subset range of revisions to use. If you don't specify a range, the entire range is used for validation.

If you don't specify a revision as First revision allowed, then the oldest existing revision for the schema is used for validation. If you don't specify a revision as Last revision allowed, then the newest existing revision for the schema is used.

Let's take the example of Schema S that is attached to topic T.

Schema S has the revision IDs A,B, C, and D created in order, where A is the first or oldest revision. None of the schemas are identical to each other, or rollbacks of an existing schema.

• If you only set the First revision allowed field as B, messages conforming only to schema A are rejected, while messages conforming to schemas B, C, and D are accepted.

• If you only set the Last revision allowed field as C, messages that conform to schemas A, B, and C are accepted, and messages that conform only to schema D are rejected.

• If you set both fields First revision allowed as B and Last revision allowed as C, messages that conform to schemas B and C are accepted.

• You can also set the first and last revision to the same revision ID. In this case, only messages that conform to that revision are accepted.

Create and associate a schema when you create a topic

You can create a topic with a schema using the Google Cloud console, the gcloud CLI, the Pub/Sub API, or the Cloud Client Libraries.

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Pub/Sub topics page.

   Go to Topics

2. Click Create topic.

3. In the Topic ID field, enter an ID for your topic.

   To name a topic, see the guidelines.

4. Check the box for Use a schema.

   Retain the default settings for the remaining fields.

   You can create a schema or use an existing schema.

5. If you are creating a schema, follow these steps: `

   1. For Select a Pub/Sub schema, select Create a new schema.

   The Create schema page is displayed in a secondary tab.

   Follow the steps in Create a schema.

   1. Go back to the Create topic tab and click Refresh.

   2. Search for your schema in the Select a Pub/Sub schema field.

   3. Select the message encoding as JSON or Binary.

   The schema you just created has a revision ID. You can create additional schema revisions as discussed in Commit a schema revision.

6. If you are associating an already-created schema, follow these steps:

   1. For Select a Pub/Sub schema, select an existing schema.

   2. Select the message encoding as JSON or Binary.

7. Optional: If the selected schema has revisions, for Revision Range, use the drop-down menus for First revision allowed and Last revision allowed.

You can specify both fields, specify only one, or retain the default settings based on your requirements.

1. Retain the default settings for the remaining fields.

2. Click Create to save the topic and assign it to the selected schema.

gcloud

To create a topic assigned with a previously created schema, run the gcloud pubsub topics create command:

gcloud pubsub topics create TOPIC_ID \
        --message-encoding=ENCODING_TYPE \
        --schema=SCHEMA_ID \
        --first-revision-id=FIRST_REVISION_ID \
        --last-revision-id=LAST_REVISION_ID \

Where:

• TOPIC_ID is the ID for the topic that you're creating.
• ENCODING_TYPE is the encoding of messages validated against the schema. This value must be set to either JSON or BINARY.
• SCHEMA_ID is the ID of an existing schema.
• FIRST_REVISION_ID is the ID of oldest revision to validate against.
• LAST_REVISION_ID is the ID of the newest revision to validate against.

Both --first-revision-id and --last-revision-id are optional.

You can also assign a schema from a different Google Cloud project:

gcloud pubsub topics create TOPIC_ID \
        --message-encoding=ENCODING_TYPE \
        --schema=SCHEMA_ID \
        --schema-project=SCHEMA_PROJECT \
        --project=TOPIC_PROJECT

Where:

• SCHEMA_PROJECT is the project ID of the Google Cloud project for the schema.
• TOPIC_PROJECT is the project ID of the Google Cloud project for the topic.

REST

To create a topic, use the projects.topics.create method:

Request:

The request must be authenticated with an access token in the Authorization header. To obtain an access token for the current Application Default Credentials: gcloud auth application-default print-access-token.

PUT https://pubsub.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/topics/TOPIC_ID
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

Request body:

{
  "schemaSettings": {
    "schema": "SCHEMA_NAME",
    "encoding": "ENCODING_TYPE"
    "firstRevisionId": "FIRST_REVISION_ID"
    "lastRevisionId": "LAST_REVISION_ID"
  }
}

Where:

• PROJECT_ID is your project ID.
• TOPIC_ID is your topic ID.
• SCHEMA_NAME is the name of the schema that messages published should be validated against. The format is: projects/PROJECT_ID/schemas/SCHEMA_ID.
• ENCODING_TYPE is the encoding of messages validated against the schema. This must be set to either JSON or BINARY.
• FIRST_REVISION_ID is the ID of oldest revision to validate against.
• LAST_REVISION_ID is the ID of the newest revision to validate against.

Both firstRevisionId and lastRevisionId are optional.

Response:

{
  "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/topics/TOPIC_ID",
  "schemaSettings": {
    "schema": "SCHEMA_NAME",
    "encoding": "ENCODING_TYPE"
    "firstRevisionId": "FIRST_REVISION_ID"
    "lastRevisionId": "LAST_REVISION_ID"
  }
}

Both firstRevisionId and lastRevisionId are omitted if not provided in the request.

C++

Before trying this sample, follow the C++ setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub C++ API reference documentation.

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
namespace pubsub_admin = ::google::cloud::pubsub_admin;
[](pubsub_admin::TopicAdminClient client, std::string project_id,
   std::string topic_id, std::string schema_id, std::string const& encoding) {
  google::pubsub::v1::Topic request;
  request.set_name(pubsub::Topic(project_id, std::move(topic_id)).FullName());
  request.mutable_schema_settings()->set_schema(
      pubsub::Schema(std::move(project_id), std::move(schema_id)).FullName());
  request.mutable_schema_settings()->set_encoding(
      encoding == "JSON" ? google::pubsub::v1::JSON
                         : google::pubsub::v1::BINARY);
  auto topic = client.CreateTopic(request);

  // Note that kAlreadyExists is a possible error when the library retries.
  if (topic.status().code() == google::cloud::StatusCode::kAlreadyExists) {
    std::cout << "The topic already exists\n";
    return;
  }
  if (!topic) throw std::move(topic).status();

  std::cout << "The topic was successfully created: " << topic->DebugString()
            << "\n";
}

C#

Before trying this sample, follow the C# setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub C# API reference documentation.

using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using Grpc.Core;
using System;

public class CreateTopicWithSchemaSample
{
    public Topic CreateTopicWithSchema(string projectId, string topicId, string schemaId, Encoding encoding)
    {
        PublisherServiceApiClient publisher = PublisherServiceApiClient.Create();
        var topicName = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, topicId);
        Topic topic = new Topic
        {
            TopicName = topicName,
            SchemaSettings = new SchemaSettings
            {
                SchemaAsSchemaName = SchemaName.FromProjectSchema(projectId, schemaId),
                Encoding = encoding
            }
        };

        Topic receivedTopic = null;
        try
        {
            receivedTopic = publisher.CreateTopic(topic);
            Console.WriteLine($"Topic {topic.Name} created.");
        }
        catch (RpcException e) when (e.Status.StatusCode == StatusCode.AlreadyExists)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Topic {topicName} already exists.");
        }
        return receivedTopic;
    }
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Go API reference documentation.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
)

func createTopicWithSchemaRevisions(w io.Writer, projectID, topicID, schemaID, firstRevisionID, lastRevisionID string, encoding pubsub.SchemaEncoding) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// topicID := "my-topic"
	// schemaID := "my-schema-id"
	// firstRevisionID := "my-revision-id"
	// lastRevisionID := "my-revision-id"
	// encoding := pubsub.EncodingJSON
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}

	tc := &pubsub.TopicConfig{
		SchemaSettings: &pubsub.SchemaSettings{
			Schema:          fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/schemas/%s", projectID, schemaID),
			FirstRevisionID: firstRevisionID,
			LastRevisionID:  lastRevisionID,
			Encoding:        encoding,
		},
	}
	t, err := client.CreateTopicWithConfig(ctx, topicID, tc)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("CreateTopicWithConfig: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created topic with schema revision: %#v\n", t)
	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Java API reference documentation.

import com.google.api.gax.rpc.AlreadyExistsException;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.TopicAdminClient;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.Encoding;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.SchemaName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.SchemaSettings;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.Topic;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.TopicName;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateTopicWithSchemaRevisionsExample {

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";
    // Use an existing schema.
    String schemaId = "your-schema-id";
    // Choose either BINARY or JSON message serialization in this topic.
    Encoding encoding = Encoding.BINARY;
    // Set the minimum and maximum revsion ID
    String firstRevisionId = "your-revision-id";
    String lastRevisionId = "your-revision-id";

    createTopicWithSchemaRevisionsExample(
        projectId, topicId, schemaId, firstRevisionId, lastRevisionId, encoding);
  }

  public static void createTopicWithSchemaRevisionsExample(
      String projectId,
      String topicId,
      String schemaId,
      String firstRevisionid,
      String lastRevisionId,
      Encoding encoding)
      throws IOException {
    TopicName topicName = TopicName.of(projectId, topicId);
    SchemaName schemaName = SchemaName.of(projectId, schemaId);

    SchemaSettings schemaSettings =
        SchemaSettings.newBuilder()
            .setSchema(schemaName.toString())
            .setFirstRevisionId(firstRevisionid)
            .setLastRevisionId(lastRevisionId)
            .setEncoding(encoding)
            .build();

    try (TopicAdminClient topicAdminClient = TopicAdminClient.create()) {

      Topic topic =
          topicAdminClient.createTopic(
              Topic.newBuilder()
                  .setName(topicName.toString())
                  .setSchemaSettings(schemaSettings)
                  .build());

      System.out.println("Created topic with schema: " + topic.getName());
    } catch (AlreadyExistsException e) {
      System.out.println(schemaName + "already exists.");
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Node.js API reference documentation.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const schemaName = 'YOUR_SCHEMA_NAME_OR_ID';
// const encodingType = 'BINARY';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function createTopicWithSchema(
  topicNameOrId,
  schemaNameOrId,
  encodingType
) {
  // Get the fully qualified schema name.
  const schema = pubSubClient.schema(schemaNameOrId);
  const fullName = await schema.getName();

  // Creates a new topic with a schema. Note that you might also
  // pass Encodings.Json or Encodings.Binary here.
  await pubSubClient.createTopic({
    name: topicNameOrId,
    schemaSettings: {
      schema: fullName,
      encoding: encodingType,
    },
  });
  console.log(`Topic ${topicNameOrId} created with schema ${fullName}.`);
}

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Node.js API reference documentation.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const schemaName = 'YOUR_SCHEMA_NAME_OR_ID';
// const encodingType = 'BINARY';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {PubSub} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub();

async function createTopicWithSchema(
  topicNameOrId: string,
  schemaNameOrId: string,
  encodingType: 'BINARY' | 'JSON'
) {
  // Get the fully qualified schema name.
  const schema = pubSubClient.schema(schemaNameOrId);
  const fullName = await schema.getName();

  // Creates a new topic with a schema. Note that you might also
  // pass Encodings.Json or Encodings.Binary here.
  await pubSubClient.createTopic({
    name: topicNameOrId,
    schemaSettings: {
      schema: fullName,
      encoding: encodingType,
    },
  });
  console.log(`Topic ${topicNameOrId} created with schema ${fullName}.`);
}

PHP

Before trying this sample, follow the PHP setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub PHP API reference documentation.

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;
use Google\Cloud\PubSub\Schema;

/**
 * Create a topic with a schema.
 *
 * @param string $projectId
 * @param string $topicId
 * @param string $schemaId
 * @param string $encoding
 */
function create_topic_with_schema($projectId, $topicId, $schemaId, $encoding)
{
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $schema = $pubsub->schema($schemaId);

    $topic = $pubsub->createTopic($topicId, [
        'schemaSettings' => [
            // The schema may be provided as an instance of the schema type,
            // or by using the schema ID directly.
            'schema' => $schema,
            // Encoding may be either `BINARY` or `JSON`.
            // Provide a string or a constant from Google\Cloud\PubSub\V1\Encoding.
            'encoding' => $encoding,
        ]
    ]);

    printf('Topic %s created', $topic->name());
}

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Python API reference documentation.

from google.api_core.exceptions import AlreadyExists, InvalidArgument
from google.cloud.pubsub import PublisherClient, SchemaServiceClient
from google.pubsub_v1.types import Encoding

# TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# schema_id = "your-schema-id"
# first_revision_id = "your-revision-id"
# last_revision_id = "your-revision-id"
# Choose either BINARY or JSON as valid message encoding in this topic.
# message_encoding = "BINARY"

publisher_client = PublisherClient()
topic_path = publisher_client.topic_path(project_id, topic_id)

schema_client = SchemaServiceClient()
schema_path = schema_client.schema_path(project_id, schema_id)

if message_encoding == "BINARY":
    encoding = Encoding.BINARY
elif message_encoding == "JSON":
    encoding = Encoding.JSON
else:
    encoding = Encoding.ENCODING_UNSPECIFIED

try:
    response = publisher_client.create_topic(
        request={
            "name": topic_path,
            "schema_settings": {
                "schema": schema_path,
                "encoding": encoding,
                "first_revision_id": first_revision_id,
                "last_revision_id": last_revision_id,
            },
        }
    )
    print(f"Created a topic:\n{response}")

except AlreadyExists:
    print(f"{topic_id} already exists.")
except InvalidArgument:
    print("Please choose either BINARY or JSON as a valid message encoding type.")

Ruby

Before trying this sample, follow the Ruby setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Ruby API reference documentation.

# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# schema_id = "your-schema-id"
# Choose either BINARY or JSON as valid message encoding in this topic.
# message_encoding = :binary

pubsub = Google::Cloud::Pubsub.new

topic = pubsub.create_topic topic_id, schema_name: schema_id, message_encoding: message_encoding

puts "Topic #{topic.name} created."

Edit a schema associated with a topic

Caution: Changing the schema or encoding associated with a topic or removing the schema from a topic might break publishers that are actively publishing.

You can edit a topic to attach a schema, remove a schema, or update the revision range used for validating messages. In general, if you have changes planned for the schema in use, you can commit a new revision and update the range of revisions used for the topic.

You can edit a schema associated with a topic using the Google Cloud console, the gcloud CLI, the Pub/Sub API, or the Cloud Client Libraries.

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Pub/Sub topics page.

   Go to Topics

2. Click the Topic ID of a topic.

3. In the topic details page, click Edit.

4. You can make the following changes to the schema.

   It might take a few minutes for the changes to take place.

   • If you want to remove the schema from the topic, in the Edit topic page, clear the Use a schema checkbox.

   • If you want to change the schema, in the Schema section, select the name of a schema.

   Update the other fields as required.

   • If you want to update the revision range, for Revision Range, use the drop-down menus for First revision allowed and Last revision allowed.

   You can specify both fields, specify only one, or retain the default settings based on your requirements.

5. Click Update to save the changes.

gcloud

gcloud pubsub topics update TOPIC_ID \
        --message-encoding=ENCODING_TYPE \
        --schema=SCHEMA_NAME \
        --first-revision-id=FIRST_REVISION_ID \
        --last-revision-id=LAST_REVISION_ID \

Where:

• TOPIC_ID is the ID for the topic that you're creating.
• ENCODING_TYPE is the encoding of messages validated against the schema. This value must be set to either JSON or BINARY.
• SCHEMA_NAME is the name of an existing schema.
• FIRST_REVISION_ID is the ID of oldest revision to validate against.
• LAST_REVISION_ID is the ID of the newest revision to validate against.

Both --first-revision-id and --last-revision-id are optional.

REST

To update a topic, use the projects.topics.patch method:

Request:

The request must be authenticated with an access token in the Authorization header. To obtain an access token for the current Application Default Credentials: gcloud auth application-default print-access-token.

PATCH https://pubsub.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/topics/TOPIC_ID
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

Request body:

{
  "schemaSettings": {
    "schema": "SCHEMA_NAME",
    "encoding": "ENCODING_TYPE"
    "firstRevisionId": "FIRST_REVISION_ID"
    "lastRevisionId": "LAST_REVISION_ID"
    "update_mask":
  }
}

Where:

• PROJECT_ID is your project ID.
• TOPIC_ID is your topic ID.
• SCHEMA_NAME is the name of the schema that messages published should be validated against. The format is: projects/PROJECT_ID/schemas/SCHEMA_ID.
• ENCODING_TYPE is the encoding of messages validated against the schema. This must be set to either JSON or BINARY.
• FIRST_REVISION_ID is the ID of oldest revision to validate against.
• LAST_REVISION_ID is the ID of the newest revision to validate against.

Both firstRevisionId and lastRevisionId are optional.

Response:

{
  "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/topics/TOPIC_ID",
  "schemaSettings": {
    "schema": "SCHEMA_NAME",
    "encoding": "ENCODING_TYPE"
    "firstRevisionId": "FIRST_REVISION_ID"
    "lastRevisionId": "LAST_REVISION_ID"
  }
}

Both firstRevisionId and lastRevisionId they are not set after the update.

C++

Before trying this sample, follow the C++ setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub C++ API reference documentation.

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
namespace pubsub_admin = ::google::cloud::pubsub_admin;
[](pubsub_admin::TopicAdminClient client, std::string project_id,
   std::string topic_id, std::string const& first_revision_id,
   std::string const& last_revision_id) {
  google::pubsub::v1::UpdateTopicRequest request;
  auto* request_topic = request.mutable_topic();
  request_topic->set_name(
      pubsub::Topic(std::move(project_id), std::move(topic_id)).FullName());
  request_topic->mutable_schema_settings()->set_first_revision_id(
      first_revision_id);
  request_topic->mutable_schema_settings()->set_last_revision_id(
      last_revision_id);
  *request.mutable_update_mask()->add_paths() =
      "schema_settings.first_revision_id";
  *request.mutable_update_mask()->add_paths() =
      "schema_settings.last_revision_id";
  auto topic = client.UpdateTopic(request);

  if (!topic) throw std::move(topic).status();

  std::cout << "The topic was successfully updated: " << topic->DebugString()
            << "\n";
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Go API reference documentation.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
)

func updateTopicSchema(w io.Writer, projectID, topicID, firstRevisionID, lastRevisionID string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// topicID := "my-topic"
	// firstRevisionID := "my-revision-id"
	// lastRevisionID := "my-revision-id"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	t := client.Topic(topicID)

	// This updates the first / last revision ID for the topic's schema.
	// To clear the schema entirely, use a zero valued (empty) SchemaSettings.
	tc := pubsub.TopicConfigToUpdate{
		SchemaSettings: &pubsub.SchemaSettings{
			FirstRevisionID: firstRevisionID,
			LastRevisionID:  lastRevisionID,
		},
	}

	gotTopicCfg, err := t.Update(ctx, tc)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "topic.Update err: %v\n", gotTopicCfg)
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updated topic with schema: %#v\n", gotTopicCfg)
	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Java API reference documentation.

import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.TopicAdminClient;
import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.SchemaSettings;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.Topic;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.TopicName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.UpdateTopicRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

public class UpdateTopicSchemaExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    // This is an existing topic that has schema settings attached to it.
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";
    // Set the minimum and maximum revsion ID
    String firstRevisionId = "your-revision-id";
    String lastRevisionId = "your-revision-id";

    UpdateTopicSchemaExample.updateTopicSchemaExample(
        projectId, topicId, firstRevisionId, lastRevisionId);
  }

  public static void updateTopicSchemaExample(
      String projectId, String topicId, String firstRevisionid, String lastRevisionId)
      throws IOException {
    try (TopicAdminClient topicAdminClient = TopicAdminClient.create()) {

      TopicName topicName = TopicName.of(projectId, topicId);

      // Construct the schema settings with the changes you want to make.
      SchemaSettings schemaSettings =
          SchemaSettings.newBuilder()
              .setFirstRevisionId(firstRevisionid)
              .setLastRevisionId(lastRevisionId)
              .build();

      // Construct the topic with the schema settings you want to change.
      Topic topic =
          Topic.newBuilder()
              .setName(topicName.toString())
              .setSchemaSettings(schemaSettings)
              .build();

      // Construct a field mask to indicate which field to update in the topic.
      FieldMask updateMask =
          FieldMask.newBuilder()
              .addPaths("schema_settings.first_revision_id")
              .addPaths("schema_settings.last_revision_id")
              .build();

      UpdateTopicRequest request =
          UpdateTopicRequest.newBuilder().setTopic(topic).setUpdateMask(updateMask).build();

      Topic response = topicAdminClient.updateTopic(request);

      System.out.println("Updated topic with schema: " + topic.getName());
    }
  }
}

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in Quickstart: Using Client Libraries. For more information, see the Pub/Sub Python API reference documentation.

from google.api_core.exceptions import InvalidArgument, NotFound
from google.cloud.pubsub import PublisherClient

# TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# first_revision_id = "your-revision-id"
# last_revision_id = "your-revision-id"

publisher_client = PublisherClient()
topic_path = publisher_client.topic_path(project_id, topic_id)

try:
    response = publisher_client.update_topic(
        request={
            "topic": {
                "name": topic_path,
                "schema_settings": {
                    "first_revision_id": first_revision_id,
                    "last_revision_id": last_revision_id,
                },
            },
            "update_mask": "schemaSettings.firstRevisionId,schemaSettings.lastRevisionId",
        }
    )
    print(f"Updated a topic schema:\n{response}")

except NotFound:
    print(f"{topic_id} not found.")
except InvalidArgument:
    print("Schema settings are not valid.")

0

What's next

• Commit a schema revision
• Publish messages to a topic with a schema
• Validate a schema definition
• Validate a message for a schema