Menghubungkan ke instance Redis dari cluster Google Kubernetes Engine

Anda hanya dapat terhubung ke instance Redis dari cluster Google Kubernetes Engine yang menggunakan jaringan yang diizinkan yang sama dengan instance Redis.

Penyiapan

Jika telah menginstal Google Cloud CLI dan membuat instance Redis, Anda dapat melewati langkah-langkah ini.

  1. Instal gcloud CLI dan lakukan inisialisasi:

    gcloud init

  2. Ikuti Panduan Memulai Cepat untuk membuat instance Redis. Catat zona, alamat IP, dan port instance Redis.

Menyiapkan cluster GKE

  1. Jika Anda belum membuat cluster GKE, buat cluster menggunakan perintah berikut untuk Google Cloud CLI:

    1. Tetapkan project untuk aplikasi contoh ini di gcloud. 

      gcloud config set project [PROJECT_ID]

    2. Tetapkan variabel konfigurasi zona Compute Engine di gcloud. 

      gcloud config set compute/zone [ZONE]

    3. Buat cluster GKE bernama visitcount-cluster. 

      gcloud container clusters create visitcount-cluster --num-nodes=3 --enable-ip-alias

  2. Jika Anda tidak membuat cluster melalui gcloud, gunakan perintah ini untuk mengambil kredensial cluster:

    gcloud container clusters get-credentials [CLUSTER_NAME] --zone [CLUSTER_ZONE] --project [PROJECT_ID]
    1. CLUSTER_NAME adalah nama cluster GKE Anda.
    2. CLUSTER_ZONE adalah zona tempat cluster Anda berada.
    3. PROJECT_ID adalah project tempat cluster dan instance Redis Anda berada.

  3. Jika cluster Anda adalah versi 1.8 atau yang lebih tinggi dan telah mengaktifkan alias IP, lewati langkah ini. Jika cluster Anda adalah versi 1.7 atau yang lebih lama, atau cluster versi 1.8 atau yang lebih tinggi tidak mengaktifkan alias IP, ikuti langkah-langkah solusi ini sebelum mencoba terhubung ke instance Anda.

    1. Jalankan perintah ini, dengan mengganti RESERVED_IP_RANGE dengan rentang IP yang dicadangkan untuk instance Anda:

      git clone https://github.com/bowei/k8s-custom-iptables.git
cd k8s-custom-iptables/
TARGETS="RESERVED_IP_RANGE" ./install.sh
cd ..

    2. Jika tidak mengetahui rentang IP yang dicadangkan untuk instance, Anda dapat mengetahuinya melalui konsol (opsi lanjutan) atau dengan memasukkan perintah ini:

      gcloud redis instances describe INSTANCE_ID --region=REGION

    Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang alias IP, termasuk cara membuat cluster dengan setelan ini diaktifkan, lihat dokumentasi alias IP.

Contoh aplikasi

Contoh aplikasi server HTTP ini membuat koneksi ke instance Redis dari cluster Google Kubernetes Engine.

Clone repositori untuk bahasa pemrograman yang Anda inginkan dan buka folder yang berisi kode contoh:

Go

git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/golang-samples
cd golang-samples/memorystore/redis

Java

git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/java-docs-samples
cd java-docs-samples/memorystore/redis

Node.js

git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/nodejs-docs-samples
cd nodejs-docs-samples/memorystore/redis

Python

git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples
cd python-docs-samples/memorystore/redis

Aplikasi contoh ini menambahkan penghitung Redis setiap kali endpoint / diakses.

Go

Aplikasi ini menggunakan klien github.com/gomodule/redigo/redis. Instal dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:

go get github.com/gomodule/redigo/redis


// Command redis is a basic app that connects to a managed Redis instance.
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"

	"github.com/gomodule/redigo/redis"
)

var redisPool *redis.Pool

func incrementHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	conn := redisPool.Get()
	defer conn.Close()

	counter, err := redis.Int(conn.Do("INCR", "visits"))
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, "Error incrementing visitor counter", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Visitor number: %d", counter)
}

func main() {
	redisHost := os.Getenv("REDISHOST")
	redisPort := os.Getenv("REDISPORT")
	redisAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", redisHost, redisPort)

	const maxConnections = 10
	redisPool = &redis.Pool{
		MaxIdle: maxConnections,
		Dial:    func() (redis.Conn, error) { return redis.Dial("tcp", redisAddr) },
	}

	http.HandleFunc("/", incrementHandler)

	port := os.Getenv("PORT")
	if port == "" {
		port = "8080"
	}
	log.Printf("Listening on port %s", port)
	if err := http.ListenAndServe(":"+port, nil); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

Java

Aplikasi ini berbasis servlet Jetty 3.1.

Library ini menggunakan library Jedis:

<dependency>
  <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
  <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
  <version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>

Class AppServletContextListener digunakan untuk membuat kumpulan koneksi Redis yang lama:


package com.example.redis;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;

@WebListener
public class AppServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {

  private Properties config = new Properties();

  private JedisPool createJedisPool() throws IOException {
    String host;
    Integer port;
    config.load(
        Thread.currentThread()
            .getContextClassLoader()
            .getResourceAsStream("application.properties"));
    host = config.getProperty("redis.host");
    port = Integer.valueOf(config.getProperty("redis.port", "6379"));

    JedisPoolConfig poolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
    // Default : 8, consider how many concurrent connections into Redis you will need under load
    poolConfig.setMaxTotal(128);

    return new JedisPool(poolConfig, host, port);
  }

  @Override
  public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
    JedisPool jedisPool = (JedisPool) event.getServletContext().getAttribute("jedisPool");
    if (jedisPool != null) {
      jedisPool.destroy();
      event.getServletContext().setAttribute("jedisPool", null);
    }
  }

  // Run this before web application is started
  @Override
  public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    JedisPool jedisPool = (JedisPool) event.getServletContext().getAttribute("jedisPool");
    if (jedisPool == null) {
      try {
        jedisPool = createJedisPool();
        event.getServletContext().setAttribute("jedisPool", jedisPool);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // handle exception
      }
    }
  }
}

Class VisitCounterServlet adalah servlet web yang menambahkan penghitung Redis:


package com.example.redis;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;

@WebServlet(name = "Track visits", value = "")
public class VisitCounterServlet extends HttpServlet {

  @Override
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
    try {
      JedisPool jedisPool = (JedisPool) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("jedisPool");

      if (jedisPool == null) {
        throw new SocketException("Error connecting to Jedis pool");
      }
      Long visits;

      try (Jedis jedis = jedisPool.getResource()) {
        visits = jedis.incr("visits");
      }

      resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
      resp.getWriter().println("Visitor counter: " + String.valueOf(visits));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Aplikasi ini menggunakan modul redis.

{
  "name": "memorystore-redis",
  "description": "An example of using Memorystore(Redis) with Node.js",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "private": true,
  "license": "Apache Version 2.0",
  "author": "Google Inc.",
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=16.0.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "redis": "^4.0.0"
  }
}


'use strict';
const http = require('http');
const redis = require('redis');

const REDISHOST = process.env.REDISHOST || 'localhost';
const REDISPORT = process.env.REDISPORT || 6379;

const client = redis.createClient(REDISPORT, REDISHOST);
client.on('error', err => console.error('ERR:REDIS:', err));

// create a server
http
  .createServer((req, res) => {
    // increment the visit counter
    client.incr('visits', (err, reply) => {
      if (err) {
        console.log(err);
        res.status(500).send(err.message);
        return;
      }
      res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
      res.end(`Visitor number: ${reply}\n`);
    });
  })
  .listen(8080);

Python

Aplikasi ini menggunakan Flask untuk penayangan web dan paket redis-py untuk berkomunikasi dengan instance Redis.

Flask==3.0.3
gunicorn==22.0.0
redis==5.0.1
Werkzeug==3.0.3
 
import logging
import os

from flask import Flask
import redis

app = Flask(__name__)

redis_host = os.environ.get("REDISHOST", "localhost")
redis_port = int(os.environ.get("REDISPORT", 6379))
redis_client = redis.StrictRedis(host=redis_host, port=redis_port)


@app.route("/")
def index():
    value = redis_client.incr("counter", 1)
    return f"Visitor number: {value}"


@app.errorhandler(500)
def server_error(e):
    logging.exception("An error occurred during a request.")
    return (
        """
    An internal error occurred: <pre>{}</pre>
    See logs for full stacktrace.
    """.format(
            e
        ),
        500,
    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # This is used when running locally. Gunicorn is used to run the
    # application on Google App Engine and Cloud Run.
    # See entrypoint in app.yaml or Dockerfile.
    app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=8080, debug=True)

Membuat image container

Build dan kirim image container ke Container Registry:

cp gke_deployment/Dockerfile .
export PROJECT_ID="$(gcloud config get-value project -q)"
docker build -t gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/visit-counter:v1 .
gcloud docker -- push gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/visit-counter:v1

Men-deploy aplikasi ke Google Kubernetes Engine

Perbarui gke_deployment/visit-counter.yaml dengan mengganti <PROJECT_ID> dengan Project ID Google Cloud Anda. File ini berisi konfigurasi untuk deployment dan layanan.

Go

Untuk menghindari hard code IP instance Redis, Anda dapat membuat ConfigMap redishost:

    export REDISHOST_IP=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
    kubectl create configmap redishost --from-literal=REDISHOST=${REDISHOST_IP}

Verifikasi konfigurasi menggunakan perintah berikut:

    kubectl get configmaps redishost -o yaml

# Copyright 2019 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
  labels:
    app: visit-counter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: visit-counter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: visit-counter
        image: "gcr.io/<PROJECT_ID>/visit-counter:v1"
        env:
        - name: REDISHOST
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: redishost
              key: REDISHOST
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: visit-counter
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
    protocol: TCP

Java

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
  labels:
    app: visit-counter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: visit-counter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: visit-counter
        image: "gcr.io/<PROJECT_ID>/visit-counter:v1"
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: visit-counter
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
    protocol: TCP

Node.js

Untuk menghindari hard code IP instance Redis, Anda dapat membuat ConfigMap redishost:

    export REDISHOST_IP=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
    kubectl create configmap redishost --from-literal=REDISHOST=${REDISHOST_IP}

Verifikasi konfigurasi menggunakan perintah berikut:

    kubectl get configmaps redishost -o yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
  labels:
    app: visit-counter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: visit-counter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: visit-counter
        image: "gcr.io/<PROJECT_ID>/visit-counter:v1"
        env:
        - name: REDISHOST
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: redishost
              key: REDISHOST
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: visit-counter
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
    protocol: TCP

Python

Untuk menghindari hard code IP instance Redis, Anda dapat membuat ConfigMap redishost:

    export REDISHOST_IP=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
    kubectl create configmap redishost --from-literal=REDISHOST=${REDISHOST_IP}

Verifikasi konfigurasi menggunakan perintah berikut:

    kubectl get configmaps redishost -o yaml

# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
  labels:
    app: visit-counter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: visit-counter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: visit-counter
        image: "gcr.io/<PROJECT-ID>/visit-counter:v1"
        env:
        - name: REDISHOST
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: redishost
              key: REDISHOST
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: visit-counter
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: visit-counter
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
    protocol: TCP

Terapkan konfigurasi ke cluster Anda:

    kubectl apply -f gke_deployment/visit-counter.yaml

Tentukan alamat [EXTERNAL-IP] untuk aplikasi contoh ini dengan menjalankan perintah ini:

    kubectl get service visit-counter

Lihat aplikasi Anda yang dihosting di http://[EXTERNAL-IP] melalui browser, atau kirim permintaan GET melalui cURL atau browser Anda:

    curl http://[EXTERNAL-IP]

Menghapus entri tabel IP untuk instance Redis

Jika mengikuti langkah ketiga di bagian panduan ini yang disebut Menyiapkan cluster GKE, Anda telah menginstal rentang IP yang dicadangkan dari instance Redis ke tabel IP instance GKE. Jika Anda ingin menghapus entri rentang IP Redis ini dari tabel IP instance GKE, jalankan perintah berikut dari direktori k8s-custom-iptables/:

    ./uninstall.sh