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在 Compute Engine 上进行设置

您可以采用以下两种方法之一，将 Compute Engine 应用中的错误发送到 Error Reporting：

登录到 Cloud Logging。如果您已经在使用 Cloud Logging，那么唯一的要求就是保证您的日志条目可被 Error Reporting 所识别。如需详细了解错误格式设置要求，请参阅设置 Cloud Logging 中的错误格式。
使用 Error Reporting API。您的应用可以使用 REST API 发送 HTTP 请求，也可使用多种语言的实验库。

使用 Logging 报告错误

如需将 Compute Engine 应用连接到 Error Reporting，将异常或其他错误发送到 Logging。

例如：

按原样安装 Logging google-fluentd 代理适合您的环境。有关说明，请参阅安装 Logging 代理。
修改您的应用，使其将异常及其堆栈轨迹记录到 Logging。

您必须在同一日志条目中添加单个错误或异常的所有信息，包括任何堆栈轨迹的所有帧。如果所有信息则 Error Reporting 可能无法检测到错误。您可以使用结构化 JSON 格式日志条目载荷包含不同类型的信息每个错误。

Java

请将以下内容添加到 pom.xml 文件：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.fluentd</groupId>
  <artifactId>fluent-logger</artifactId>
  <version>0.3.4</version>
</dependency>

然后，使用如下代码发送异常数据：

public class ExceptionUtil {
  private static FluentLogger ERRORS = FluentLogger.getLogger("myapp");

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      throw new Exception("Generic exception for testing Stackdriver");
    } catch (Exception e) {
      report(e);
    }
  }

  public static void report(Throwable ex) {
    StringWriter exceptionWriter = new StringWriter();
    ex.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(exceptionWriter));
    Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();
    data.put("message", exceptionWriter.toString());
    Map<String, String> serviceContextData = new HashMap<>();
    serviceContextData.put("service", "myapp");
    data.put("serviceContext", serviceContextData);
    // ... add more metadata
    ERRORS.log("errors", data);
  }
}

Python

首先，安装 fluent-logger-python 库：

sudo pip install fluent-logger

然后，使用如下代码发送异常数据：

import traceback

import fluent.event
import fluent.sender


def simulate_error():
    fluent.sender.setup("myapp", host="localhost", port=24224)

    def report(ex):
        data = {}
        data["message"] = "{0}".format(ex)
        data["serviceContext"] = {"service": "myapp"}
        # ... add more metadata
        fluent.event.Event("errors", data)

    # report exception data using:
    try:
        # simulate calling a method that's not defined
        raise NameError
    except Exception:
        report(traceback.format_exc())

Node.js

首先，安装 fluent-logger-node 库：

npm install --save fluent-logger

然后，使用如下代码发送异常数据：

const structuredLogger = require('fluent-logger').createFluentSender('myapp', {
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 24224,
  timeout: 3.0,
});

const report = (err, req) => {
  const payload = {
    serviceContext: {
      service: 'myapp',
    },
    message: err.stack,
    context: {
      httpRequest: {
        url: req.originalUrl,
        method: req.method,
        referrer: req.header('Referer'),
        userAgent: req.header('User-Agent'),
        remoteIp: req.ip,
        responseStatusCode: 500,
      },
    },
  };
  structuredLogger.emit('errors', payload);
};

// Handle errors (the following uses the Express framework)
// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  report(err, req);
  res.status(500).send(err.response || 'Something broke!');
});

Go

首先，安装 fluent-logger-golang 软件包：

go get github.com/fluent/fluent-logger-golang/

然后，使用如下代码发送错误数据：


package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"runtime"

	"github.com/fluent/fluent-logger-golang/fluent"
)

var logger *fluent.Fluent

func main() {
	var err error
	logger, err = fluent.New(fluent.Config{
		FluentHost: "localhost",
		FluentPort: 24224,
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	http.HandleFunc("/demo", demoHandler)

	port := os.Getenv("PORT")
	if port == "" {
		port = "8080"
	}
	log.Printf("Listening on port %s", port)
	if err := http.ListenAndServe(":"+port, nil); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

func report(stackTrace string, r *http.Request) {
	payload := map[string]interface{}{
		"serviceContext": map[string]interface{}{
			"service": "myapp",
		},
		"message": stackTrace,
		"context": map[string]interface{}{
			"httpRequest": map[string]interface{}{
				"method":    r.Method,
				"url":       r.URL.String(),
				"userAgent": r.UserAgent(),
				"referrer":  r.Referer(),
				"remoteIp":  r.RemoteAddr,
			},
		},
	}
	if err := logger.Post("myapp.errors", payload); err != nil {
		log.Print(err)
	}
}

// Handler for the incoming requests.
func demoHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	// How to handle a panic.
	defer func() {
		if e := recover(); e != nil {
			stack := make([]byte, 1<<16)
			stackSize := runtime.Stack(stack, true)
			report(string(stack[:stackSize]), r)
		}
	}()

	// Panic is triggered.
	x := 0
	log.Println(100500 / x)
}

使用 Error Reporting API 写入错误

Error Reporting API 提供了 report 端点，用于将错误信息写入服务。

Enable the Error Reporting API.
Enable the API
使用 REST API 或客户端库向 API 报告错误。
- REST API
  
  如需了解此 API，请参阅参考文档。
- 使用客户端库
  
  这些库支持部分语言，它们可帮助您从应用中调用 Error Reporting API：
  - ASP.NET
  - Go
  - Java
  - Node.js
  - Ruby
  - Python
  - PHP

示例

ASP.NET

ASP.NET NuGet 包从从 ASP.NET Web 应用迁移到 Error Reporting。

安装 NuGet 程序包

要在 Visual Studio 中安装 Stackdriver ASP.NET NuGet 程序包，请执行以下操作：

右键点击您的解决方案，然后选择管理解决方案的 NuGet 程序包。
选中包括预发行版复选框。
搜索并安装名为 Google.Cloud.Diagnostics.AspNet 的软件包。

用量

安装 Stackdriver ASP.NET NuGet 程序包之后，请将下列语句添加到应用代码中，以开始向 Stackdriver 发送错误：

using Google.Cloud.Diagnostics.AspNet;

将以下代码HttpConfiguration添加到Register .NET Web 应用（将 your-project-id 替换为您的实际项目 ID 启用异常报告：

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
    string projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
    string serviceName = "NAME-OF-YOUR-SERVICE";
    string version = "VERSION-OF-YOUR-SERVCICE";
    // ...
    // Add a catch all for the uncaught exceptions.
    config.Services.Add(typeof(IExceptionLogger),
        ErrorReportingExceptionLogger.Create(projectId, serviceName, version));
    // ...
}

将此方法添加到 ASP.NET 应用后，您就可以查看向 Google Cloud 报告异常时发生的未捕获到的异常（在 Error Reporting 中）部分。

C#

以下示例可在 GoogleCloudPlatform/dotnet-docs-samples 代码库。若要使用该示例，请在构建项目后指定您的项目 ID：

C:\...\bin\Debug> set GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID=[YOUR_PROJECT_ID]

请务必将 [YOUR_PROJECT_ID] 替换为 Google Cloud 控制台。

然后，使用类似下面的代码发送异常数据：

public class ErrorReportingSample
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            throw new Exception("Generic exception for testing Stackdriver Error Reporting");
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            report(e);
            Console.WriteLine("Stackdriver Error Report Sent");
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Create the Error Reporting service (<seealso cref="ClouderrorreportingService"/>)
    /// with the Application Default Credentials and the proper scopes.
    /// See: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/application-default-credentials.
    /// </summary>
    private static ClouderrorreportingService CreateErrorReportingClient()
    {
        // Get the Application Default Credentials.
        GoogleCredential credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefaultAsync().Result;

        // Add the needed scope to the credentials.
        credential.CreateScoped(ClouderrorreportingService.Scope.CloudPlatform);

        // Create the Error Reporting Service.
        ClouderrorreportingService service = new ClouderrorreportingService(new BaseClientService.Initializer
        {
            HttpClientInitializer = credential,
        });
        return service;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a <seealso cref="ReportRequest"/> from a given exception.
    /// </summary>
    private static ReportRequest CreateReportRequest(Exception e)
    {
        // Create the service.
        ClouderrorreportingService service = CreateErrorReportingClient();

        // Get the project ID from the environement variables.
        string projectId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID");

        // Format the project id to the format Error Reporting expects. See:
        // https://cloud.google.com/error-reporting/reference/rest/v1beta1/projects.events/report
        string formattedProjectId = string.Format("projects/{0}", projectId);

        // Add a service context to the report.  For more details see:
        // https://cloud.google.com/error-reporting/reference/rest/v1beta1/projects.events#ServiceContext
        ServiceContext serviceContext = new ServiceContext()
        {
            Service = "myapp",
            Version = "8c1917a9eca3475b5a3686d1d44b52908463b989",
        };
        ReportedErrorEvent errorEvent = new ReportedErrorEvent()
        {
            Message = e.ToString(),
            ServiceContext = serviceContext,
        };
        return new ReportRequest(service, errorEvent, formattedProjectId);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Report an exception to the Error Reporting service.
    /// </summary>
    private static void report(Exception e)
    {
        // Create the report and execute the request.
        ReportRequest request = CreateReportRequest(e);
        request.Execute();
    }
}

查看错误组

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到 Error Reporting 页面：

前往 Error Reporting

您也可以使用搜索栏查找此页面。

在 Compute Engine 上进行设置

使用 Logging 报告错误

Java

Python

Node.js

Go

使用 Error Reporting API 写入错误

示例

ASP.NET

安装 NuGet 程序包

用量

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

Ruby

Python

PHP

查看错误组