Audit logging

Overview

GKE on VMware makes use of Kubernetes Audit Logging, which keeps a chronological record of calls made to a cluster's Kubernetes API server. Audit logs are useful for investigating suspicious API requests and for collecting statistics.

You can configure a cluster to write audit logs to disk or to Cloud Audit Logs in a Google Cloud project. Writing to Cloud Audit Logs has several benefits over writing to disk, or even capturing logs in an on-premises logging system:

  • Audit logs for all GKE clusters can be centralized.
  • Log entries written to Cloud Audit Logs are immutable.
  • Cloud Audit Logs entries are retained for 400 days.
  • Cloud Audit Logs is included in the price of Anthos.

Disk-based audit logging

By default, audit logs are written to a persistent disk so that VM restarts and upgrades don't cause the logs to disappear. GKE on VMware retains up to 12 GB of audit log entries.

Cloud Audit Logs

If you enable Cloud Audit Logs for a cluster, then Admin Activity audit log entries from the cluster's Kubernetes API server are sent to Google Cloud, using the Google Cloud project that you specify in the cloudAuditLogging.projectID field of your cluster configuration file. This Google Cloud project is called your audit logging project.

Your audit logging project must be the same as your connect project.

When you enable Cloud Audit Logs, GKE on VMware disables disk-based audit logging.

To buffer and write log entries to Cloud Audit Logs, GKE on VMware deploys an audit-proxy Pod to the admin cluster. This component is also available as a sidecar container on user clusters.

Limitations

Cloud Audit Logs for GKE on VMware is a preview feature. This preview release has several limitations:

  • Data access logging is not supported.

  • Modifying the Kubernetes audit policy is not supported.

  • Cloud Audit Logs is not resilient to extended network outages. If the log entries cannot be exported to Google Cloud, they are cached in a 10G disk buffer. If that buffer fills, then subsequent entries are dropped.

Enable the Anthos Audit API

Enable the Anthos Audit API in your audit logging project.

Enable the Anthos Audit API

Create a service account for Cloud Audit Logs

You already have one or more service accounts that you created to use with GKE on VMware. For this feature, you need to create an additional service account called the audit logging service account.

  1. Create your audit logging service account:

    gcloud iam service-accounts create audit-logging-service-account

  2. Create a JSON key file for your Cloud Audit Logs service account:

    gcloud iam service-accounts keys create audit-logging-key.json \
   --iam-account AUDIT_LOGGING_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL

    where AUDIT_LOGGING_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL is the email address of your service account.

  3. Save audit-logging-key.json on the admin workstation in the same location as your other service account keys.

Create an admin cluster with Cloud Audit Logs enabled

You can enable Cloud Audit Logs for an admin cluster only when you first create the admin cluster. You cannot modify an existing admin cluster to enable Cloud Audit Logs.

  1. Refer to Creating an admin cluster.

  2. In your admin cluster configuration file, fill in the cloudAuditLogging section.

  3. Set cloudAuditLogging.projectId to the ID of your audit logging project.

  4. Set cloudAuditLogging.clusterLocation to a Google Cloud region where you want to store audit logs. For improved latency, choose a region that is near your on-premises data center.

  5. Set cloudAuditLogging.serviceAccountKeyPath to the path of the JSON key file for your audit logging service account.

For example:

cloudAuditLogging:
  projectId: "my-project"
  clusterLocation: "us-west1"
  serviceAccountKeyPath: "/my-key-folder/audit-logging-key.json"

Continue the cluster creation as usual.

Create a user cluster with Cloud Audit Logs enabled

  1. Refer to Creating a user cluster.

  2. In your user cluster configuration file, fill in the cloudAuditLogging section.

  3. Set cloudAuditLogging.projectId to the ID of your audit logging project.

  4. Set cloudAuditLogging.clusterLocation to a Google Cloud region where you want to store audit logs. For improved latency, choose a region that is near your on-premises data center.

  5. Set cloudAuditLogging.serviceAccounKeyPath to the path of the JSON key file for your Cloud Audit Logs service account.

  6. Ensure that the gkeConnect section is filled in and gkeConnect.projectID is the same as cloudAuditLogging.projectID.

For example:

gkeConnect:
  projectId: "my-project"
  registerServiceAccountKeyPath: "/my-key-fokder/connect-register-key.json"

cloudAuditLogging:
  projectId: "my-project"
  clusterLocation: "us-west1"
  serviceAccountKeyPath: "/my-key-folder/audit-logging-key.json"

Continue the cluster creation as usual.

Enable Cloud Audit Logs for an existing user cluster

To enable Cloud Audit Logs, the cluster must already be registered. That is, you filled in the gkeConnect section of the cluster configuration file before you created the cluster.

  1. In the user cluster configuration file, fill in the cloudAuditLoggingsection.

  2. Set cloudAuditLogging.projectId to the ID of your audit logging project.

  3. Set cloudAuditLogging.clusterLocation to a Google Cloud region where you want to store audit logs. For improved latency, choose a region that is near your on-premises data center.

  4. Set cloudAuditLogging.serviceAccounKeyPath to the path of the JSON key file for your Cloud Audit Logs service account.

  5. Ensure that the gkeConnect section is filled in and gkeConnect.projectID is the same as cloudAuditLogging.projectID.

For example:

gkeConnect:
  projectId: "my-project"
  registerServiceAccountKeyPath: "/my-key-fokder/connect-register-key.json"

cloudAuditLogging:
  projectId: "my-project"
  clusterLocation: "us-west1"
  serviceAccountKeyPath: "/my-key-folder/audit-logging-key.json"

Update the user cluster:

gkectl update cluster --kubeconfig [ADMIN_CLUSTER_KUBECONFIG] --config [USER_CLUSTER_CONFIG]

Disable Cloud Audit Logs for an existing user cluster

  1. In the user cluster configuration file, delete the cloudAuditLogging section.

  2. Update the user cluster:

gkectl update cluster --kubeconfig [ADMIN_CLUSTER_KUBECONFIG] --config [USER_CLUSTER_CONFIG]

Access audit logs

Disk-based audit logging

  1. View the Kubernetes API servers running in your admin cluster and all of its associated user clusters:

    kubectl --kubeconfig [ADMIN_CLUSTER_KUBECONFIG] get pods --all-namespaces -l component=kube-apiserver

    where [ADMIN_CLUSTER_KUBECONFIG] is the kubeconfig file of your admin cluster.

  2. Download the API server's audit logs:

    kubectl cp -n [NAMESPACE] [APISERVER_POD_NAME]:/var/log/kube-audit/kube-apiserver-audit.log /tmp/kubeaudit.log

    This command fetches the latest log file, which can contain up to 1GB of data for the admin cluster and up to 850GB for user clusters.

    You can also find the audit logs for the admin cluster on the control-plane nodes under /var/log/kube-audit/kube-apiserver-audit.log. The audit logs for the user cluster are in the PersistentVolumeClaim named kube-audit-kube-apiserver-0. You can access this data within your own Pods via volume entries like this:

    volumes:
‐ name: kube-audit
  hostPath:
    path: /var/log/kube-audit
    type: ""

    volumes:
‐ name: kube-audit
  persistentVolumeClaim:
    claimName: kube-audit-kube-apiserver-0
    readOnly: true

    To schedule your Pod on the appropriate admin cluster node (and only this node) you will need to add nodeSelector and tolerations sections to your Pod spec, like this:

     spec:
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ''
  tolerations:
  ‐ key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
    value: ""
    effect: NoSchedule

    For the user cluster, use this nodeSelector:

    spec:
 nodeSelector:
   kubernetes.googleapis.com/cluster-name: [USER_CLUSTER_NAME]

    Older audit records are kept in separate files. To view those files:

    kubectl exec -n [NAMESPACE] [APISERVER_POD_NAME] -- ls /var/log/kube-audit -la

    Each audit log's filename has a timestamp that indicates when the file was rotated. A file contains audit logs up to that time and date.

Cloud Audit Logs

Console

  1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Logs page in the Logging menu.

    Go to the Logs Explorer

  2. In the Filter by label or text search box, just above the drop-down menus discussed above, click the down arrow to open the drop-down menu. From the menu, choose Convert to advanced filter.

  3. Fill the text box with the following filter:

    resource.type="k8s_cluster"
logName="projects/[PROJECT_ID]/logs/externalaudit.googleapis.com%2Factivity"
protoPayload.serviceName="anthosgke.googleapis.com"

  4. Click Submit Filter to display all audit logs from GKE on VMware clusters that were configured to log in to this project.

gcloud

List the first two log entries in your project's Admin Activity log that apply to the k8s_cluster resource type:

gcloud logging read \
    'logName="projects/[PROJECT_ID]/logs/externalaudit.googleapis.com%2Factivity" \
    AND resource.type="k8s_cluster" \
    AND protoPayload.serviceName="anthosgke.googleapis.com" ' \
    --limit 2 \
    --freshness 300d

where [PROJECT_ID] is your project ID.

The output shows two log entries. Notice that for each log entry, the logName field has the value projects/[PROJECT_ID]/logs/externalaudit.googleapis.com%2Factivity and protoPayload.serviceName is equal to anthosgke.googleapis.com.

Audit policy

Cloud Audit Logs behavior is determined by a statically-configured Kubernetes audit logging policy. Changing this policy is currently not supported.