Starting April 29, 2025, Gemini 1.5 Pro and Gemini 1.5 Flash models are not available in projects that have no prior usage of these models, including new projects. For details, see Model versions and lifecycle.
Define goals or rules: Set specific constraints for the task, such as including or excluding docstrings in code generation.
Provide additional context: Give the model extra information to tailor its response for a specific situation, such as a speech.
What are system instructions?
System instructions are directives that you provide to a model before you send a prompt. You can use system instructions to specify how the model should behave and respond. For example, you can instruct the model to adopt a persona, provide contextual information, or follow specific formatting instructions.
System instructions are useful in the following cases:
Provide hidden context: You can give the model information that an end user can't see or change. This helps the model better understand the task, customize responses, and follow specific guidelines throughout an entire user interaction.
Maintain consistency: You can apply the same set of instructions across multiple prompts to help maintain consistent behavior.
When set, system instructions apply to the entire request and persist across multiple turns in a conversation. Although separate from the prompt's content, they are part of the overall prompt and are subject to standard data use policies.
Use cases
This section provides examples of common use cases for system instructions.
Persona or role
You can influence how a model responds to prompts by defining a persona or
role in system instructions.
For example, suppose you want to use a model to help teach students about
writing papers. Compare the difference in the model's responses when you
define the following roles:
You are a bot that teaches college students how to write a paper about a given subject.
You are a bot that helps primary school students write a paper about a given subject.
System instructions
Bot for college students
Bot for primary school students
You are a bot, tasked with teaching college
students about how to write a paper about a given subject.
You are a bot, tasked with helping primary school
students about how to write a paper about a given subject.
Prompt
Subject: Photosynthesis
Subject: Photosynthesis
Response
Writing a Paper on Photosynthesis: A Guide for College
Students
Photosynthesis is a fascinating and complex process that forms the
basis of life on Earth. Writing a paper on it can be a rewarding
experience, allowing you to delve deeper into its intricacies and
understand its significance. Here's a breakdown of how to approach this
task:
Choosing a Focus:
Broad Overview: You could provide a comprehensive overview of
photosynthesis, covering its stages, requirements, byproducts, and
its role in the ecosystem.
Specific Aspect: Choose a specific aspect of photosynthesis to
explore in detail, like:
The role of light in photosynthesis.
The different types of photosynthesis (C3, C4, CAM).
The impact of environmental factors on photosynthesis.
The evolution of photosynthesis.
The applications of photosynthesis in biotechnology.
Comparative Study: Compare and contrast different aspects of
photosynthesis in different organisms (plants, algae,
bacteria).
Research and Gathering Information:
Reliable Sources: Use academic journals, reputable online
sources, and textbooks. Avoid relying solely on Wikipedia or
general websites.
Keyword Search: Use keywords like "photosynthesis,"
"chloroplasts," "chlorophyll," "light-dependent reactions,"
"Calvin cycle," etc.
Note-taking: Organize your research by taking thorough notes
and summarizing key points, ensuring to cite sources
properly.
Outlining and Structuring your Paper:
Introduction:
Briefly introduce photosynthesis and its
significance.
State your thesis statement, clearly outlining the main
argument of your paper.
Body Paragraphs:
Develop your points in a logical sequence, using evidence
from your research.
Use headings and subheadings to organize your paper and
make it easier to read.
Each paragraph should focus on a single idea and provide
supporting evidence.
Conclusion:
Summarize your main points and restate your thesis.
Discuss the implications of your findings and suggest
future research directions.
Writing and Editing:
Clear and Concise Language: Use clear and concise language,
avoiding jargon unless it is necessary.
Evidence-based Arguments: Support your claims with evidence
from your research.
Proper Citation: Use a consistent citation style (MLA, APA,
Chicago) throughout your paper.
Proofreading and Editing: Carefully proofread and edit your
paper for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Additional Tips:
Visual Aids: Use diagrams, graphs, or charts to illustrate
complex concepts.
Case Studies: If applicable, include relevant case studies to
demonstrate the real-world applications of photosynthesis.
Personal Connection: Find a way to connect your topic to your
own interests or experiences.
Example Paper Titles:
The Role of Light Intensity in Photosynthesis: A Comparative
Study
The Evolution of Photosynthesis: From Early Life to Modern
Plants
Harnessing Photosynthesis: The Potential of Biotechnology
The Impact of Climate Change on Photosynthesis: A Global
Perspective
Remember: A well-written paper on photosynthesis should be clear,
informative, and engaging. By following these steps and utilizing a
strong foundation of research, you can produce a successful paper that
demonstrates your understanding of this essential biological
process.
That's a great subject! Photosynthesis is super important for
life on Earth. Here's how you can write a paper about it:
Think about what you already know:
What is photosynthesis?
What does a plant need to do photosynthesis?
What does a plant make during photosynthesis?
Do you know any interesting facts about photosynthesis?
Research and learn more:
Books: Check out your library for books about plants, nature,
or science.
Websites: Look for websites for kids that explain
photosynthesis in a simple way. Make sure the websites are
reliable (like ones from National Geographic or NASA).
Ask a grown-up: Ask your teacher, parent, or librarian for
help finding information.
Organize your thoughts:
Title: Think of a catchy title for your paper, like "The
Amazing Process of Photosynthesis" or "How Plants Make Their Own
Food."
Introduction: Start with a sentence that grabs the reader's
attention. Explain what photosynthesis is in simple terms.
Main Body: Divide your paper into paragraphs. Each paragraph
should focus on one key idea about photosynthesis:
What plants need: Sunlight, water, carbon dioxide.
What plants make: Sugar (for food) and oxygen.
Why photosynthesis is important: It provides food for us
and animals, and it cleans the air.
Conclusion: Sum up what you learned about photosynthesis. You
can also share your favorite fact or a question you still
have.
Write your paper:
Use clear and simple language.
Don't be afraid to use pictures or drawings to help explain
things.
Check your work for spelling and grammar mistakes.
Make it your own!
Add a personal touch to your paper.
Share an experience or observation you've had about
plants.
Draw a diagram to show how photosynthesis works.
Remember: You're the expert on your paper! Have fun learning and
writing about photosynthesis.
Output format
You can influence how a model formats its response by defining an output
format, such as Markdown or JSON, in system instructions.
For example, suppose you want to use a model to summarize customer reviews
for your business. Compare the difference in the model's responses when you
define the following output formats:
Output your response in JSON. At the end, outside the JSON object, write three to five sentences of advice to the business on how to improve.
No formatting requirements.
System instructions
JSON
No formatting requirements
You are a PR professional for high-end businesses. Follow these
instructions, and base your response on the provided User Input.
Instructions:
Read through reviews submitted to you.
Summarize the pros and cons of the business based on reviews.
Output your response in JSON.
At the very end, outside the JSON object, write 3 to 5 sentences of
advice to the business on how to improve.
Keep it concise.
Stick to the facts.
Do not hallucinate.
If there are conflicting opinions, only include the opinion that is
recorded the most.
Do not include any irrelevant information.
Do not mention any reviewers by name.
You are a PR professional for high-end businesses. Follow these
instructions, and base your response on the provided User Input.
Instructions:
Read through reviews submitted to you.
Summarize the pros and cons of the business based on reviews.
Keep it concise.
Stick to the facts.
Do not hallucinate.
If there are conflicting opinions, only include the opinion that is
recorded the most.
Do not include any irrelevant information.
Do not mention any reviewers by name.
Prompt
Chad Brocker: 4 stars
This spa was delightful! The entire atmosphere as soon as you walk
in relaxes you. It almost feels like you're in a trance. You don't
have to worry about ANYTHING. The workers have your schedule and guide
you through your experience. Everything I got was amazing. The
massage, the facial, the mud bath. Plus, they have a 0 cell phone
policy, so it really does feel like you're in a whole different world.
It is a bit pricey though.
View full prompt
Lisa Simmens: 5 stars
We had a wonderful time! My best friend and I treated ourselves
to a spa day for our birthdays. When I tell you, our lives are
changed. The employees go above and beyond to make sure you're
getting the best experience possible. From asking you questions to
high quality services and ensuring you get to each of your
appointments on time, they were truly the best. We will be back
soon! P.S. get the full body exfoliation treatment!
Allie Wood: 2 stars
While the workers were amazing in their customer services, my
massage HURT and my facial BURNED. Plus, they didn't let you have
your cellphone, which causes extra stress. The atmosphere was
tranquil and calming, but not having my cell phone made me unable to
relax. Plus, it was expensive.
Suzy Michaels: 3 stars
The environment of this space was out of this world. It's
seriously like stepping into Heaven. My services were the best I've
ever had. BUT, they didn't offer any sort of refreshments. I mean,
come on, you at least should offer water?!
Martin Wong: 4 stars
Amazing experience. My only complaint is not being able to check
my phone.
Debbie Ruiz: 5 stars
Amazing environment. Amazing workers. Amazing services. Plus,
it's a cell phone free environment, which was SO freeing and adding =
to the peaceful atmosphere. I definitely recommend it to everyone!!!
Lucy Mantel: 1 stars
No refreshments. No cellphones. Bad massage. Not a great
experience. Do not recommend.
While the spa has received praise for its tranquil atmosphere,
exceptional staff, and top-notch services, there are some areas for
improvement. Addressing customer concerns regarding the strict
no-cellphone policy and the lack of refreshments could significantly
enhance the overall experience. Consider offering a designated area for
guests to access their phones if needed, and providing complimentary
water or a limited selection of beverages.
Pros: The spa provides a tranquil and relaxing atmosphere
with high-quality services. Customers rave about the exceptional
customer service provided by the staff.
Cons: The spa's no-cellphone policy is a point of contention,
with some finding it added to their relaxation and others finding it
stressful. Several reviewers found the prices to be high.
Style and tone
You can influence a model's response by defining its output style and tone,
such as verbosity, formality, and target reading level, in system
instructions.
For example, suppose you want to use a model to write proposals for
government initiatives. Compare the difference in the model's responses when
you define the following tones:
Professional
Casual
System instructions
Professional
Casual
You are a government proposal writer. You are tasked with
producing proposals for future campaigns. Based on the template and user
input, provide a proposal for the upcoming campaign.
Do not use the internet.
Keep answers for each section to no more than two sentences.
Write in a professional tone.
Provide answers in Markdown format.
Proposal template:
The Big Idea:
The Challenge
The Solution
Target Audience
Key Message
Channels
Content Highlights
Expected Results
Why Us
Call to Action
You are a government proposal writer. You are tasked with
producing proposals for future campaigns. Based on the template and user
input, provide a proposal for the upcoming campaign.
Do not use the internet.
Keep answers for each section to no more than two sentences.
Write in a casual tone.
Provide answers in Markdown format.
Proposal template:
The Big Idea:
The Challenge
The Solution
Target Audience
Key Message
Channels
Content Highlights
Expected Results
Why Us
Call to Action
Prompt
The purpose of this campaign is to raise awareness and inspire
actionable behavior changes towards sustainability through the use of
interactive digital experiences. I will engage environmentally
conscious individuals aged 20–45, including students, professionals,
and families, by delivering educational content and organizing
community-driven events across Facebook and X. My objective is to
enhance public awareness and encourage measurable improvements in
eco-friendly behaviors. Drawing on my expertise in digital marketing
and a strong focus on sustainability, I will design a high-impact
campaign that empowers individuals to make meaningful, sustainable
changes in their daily lives. I want this campaign to create content
that is varied and engaging yet informative.
Response
The Big Idea: Empowering individuals aged 20-45 to embrace
sustainable living through interactive digital experiences and community
engagement.
The Challenge: Many individuals lack awareness of practical,
everyday actions they can take to promote environmental
sustainability.
The Solution: A multi-platform campaign utilizing Facebook and X
to deliver engaging, educational content and foster community
involvement through interactive experiences and events.
Target Audience: Environmentally conscious individuals aged
20-45, including students, professionals, and families.
Key Message: Small changes in daily habits can have a
significant positive impact on the environment.
Channels: Facebook and X.
Content Highlights: Interactive quizzes, educational videos,
expert Q&A sessions, and community challenges promoting sustainable
practices.
Expected Results: Increased awareness of sustainable living
practices and measurable improvements in eco-friendly behaviors within
the target audience.
Why Us: Proven expertise in digital marketing and a passion for
promoting sustainability, ensuring a high-impact, engaging campaign.
Call to Action: Join the campaign on Facebook and X to learn,
engage, and make a difference for a sustainable future.
The Big Idea: We're launching a digital movement to make
sustainability cool! Using interactive challenges and engaging content,
we'll inspire real action, transforming eco-friendly living from a chore
to a shared journey.
The Challenge: Let's face it, knowing about sustainability and
actually acting on it are two different things. We're battling apathy
and a lack of awareness around simple, everyday changes.
The Solution: We'll meet our audience where they are, on
platforms like Facebook and X, to deliver a dynamic blend of educational
content, fun challenges, and community-driven events. Think interactive
quizzes, shareable infographics, and local meetups!
Target Audience: We're focusing on eco-conscious individuals
aged 20-45 - students, professionals, and families - who are eager to
make a difference.
Key Message: Small steps, big impact! You have the power to
create a more sustainable future through simple, everyday choices.
Channels: We'll leverage the power of social media marketing
through engaging campaigns on Facebook and X.
Content Highlights: Expect a mix of informative and shareable
content, including eye-catching infographics, thought-provoking videos,
quick tips, and inspiring success stories.
Expected Results: We'll measure success through increased
engagement (likes, shares, comments) and website traffic, ultimately
aiming for a measurable increase in eco-friendly behaviors within our
target audience.
Why Us: Our team combines digital marketing expertise with a
genuine passion for sustainability, resulting in a campaign that's both
impactful and engaging.
Call to Action: Join the movement! Follow our page, participate
in our challenges, and share your sustainable living journey with your
network.
Goals and rules
You can influence a model's response by defining goals or rules in system instructions about what the model should or shouldn't do.
For example, suppose you want to use a model to write Python code. Compare
the difference in the model's responses when you define the following rules:
When you generate code, include docstrings that explain the inputs, outputs, and usage of every method.
Generate only code. Don't include any docstrings.
System instructions
Docstrings
No docstrings
When generating code, make sure to include docstrings explaining the
inputs, outputs, and usage of every method.
Only generate code, do not include any docstring.
Prompt
Create a 2d array in Python, and create an A* pathfinding
algorithm to identify the shortest path between two points on the
grid.
Response
import heapq
class Node:
""""""
Represents a node in the grid for A* pathfinding.
Attributes:
x (int): The x-coordinate of the node.
y (int): The y-coordinate of the node.
parent (Node, optional): The parent node in the path. Defaults to None.
g (int): Cost from the start node to this node. Defaults to 0.
h (int): Estimated cost from this node to the end node. Defaults to 0.
""""""
def __init__(self, x, y, parent=None):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.parent = parent
self.g = 0
self.h = 0
def __lt__(self, other):
""""""Compares nodes based on their f-score (g + h).""""""
return (self.g + self.h) < (other.g + other.h)
def a_star(grid, start, end):
""""""
Implements the A* pathfinding algorithm.
Args:
grid (list): A 2D array representing the grid, where 0 is walkable and 1 is an obstacle.
start (tuple): The starting point coordinates (x, y).
end (tuple): The end point coordinates (x, y).
Returns:
list: A list of coordinates representing the shortest path, or None if no path is found.
""""""
rows = len(grid)
cols = len(grid[0])
# Create start and end nodes
start_node = Node(start[0], start[1])
end_node = Node(end[0], end[1])
# Initialize open and closed lists
open_list = []
closed_list = set()
# Add the start node to the open list
heapq.heappush(open_list, start_node)
while open_list:
# Get the node with the lowest f-score
current_node = heapq.heappop(open_list)
# Add the current node to the closed list
closed_list.add((current_node.x, current_node.y))
# Check if we've reached the goal
if current_node.x == end_node.x and current_node.y == end_node.y:
# Reconstruct and return the path
path = []
while current_node:
path.append((current_node.x, current_node.y))
current_node = current_node.parent
return path[::-1] # Return reversed path
# Explore neighboring nodes
for dx, dy in [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]: # Up, Down, Left, Right
neighbor_x = current_node.x + dx
neighbor_y = current_node.y + dy
# Check if the neighbor is within the grid bounds
if 0 <= neighbor_x < cols and 0 <= neighbor_y < rows:
# Check if the neighbor is walkable and not in the closed list
if grid[neighbor_y][neighbor_x] == 0 and (neighbor_x, neighbor_y) not in closed_list:
# Create a neighbor node
neighbor_node = Node(neighbor_x, neighbor_y, parent=current_node)
# Calculate the cost to reach the neighbor
neighbor_node.g = current_node.g + 1
# Calculate the heuristic (Manhattan distance)
neighbor_node.h = abs(neighbor_node.x - end_node.x) + abs(neighbor_node.y - end_node.y)
# Add the neighbor to the open list if it's a better path
if neighbor_node not in open_list:
heapq.heappush(open_list, neighbor_node)
# No path found
return None
# Example usage:
grid = [
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
]
start = (0, 0)
end = (4, 4)
path = a_star(grid, start, end)
if path:
print(""Shortest path:"", path)
else:
print(""No path found."")
Explanation:
Node Class:
Represents a cell in the grid.
Stores coordinates (x, y), parent node,
g (cost from start), and h (heuristic to
end).
__lt__ allows comparing nodes for priority queue
(using heapq) based on f = g + h.
a_star Function:
Takes the grid, start, and
end points as input.
Initializes open_list (nodes to explore) and
closed_list (explored nodes).
Uses heapq for efficient retrieval of the node with
the lowest f score from the open_list.
Loops until the end is found or the
open_list is empty (no path).
Explores neighbors, calculates costs (g,
h), and updates the open_list.
Reconstructs and returns the path when the end is
reached.
Example Usage:
Creates a sample grid and defines start
and end points.
Calls a_star to find the path.
Prints the shortest path or indicates if no path exists.
import heapq
class Node:
def __init__(self, position, parent=None):
self.position = position
self.parent = parent
self.g = 0
self.h = 0
self.f = 0
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.f < other.f
def astar(grid, start, end):
rows = len(grid)
cols = len(grid[0])
open_list = []
closed_list = set()
start_node = Node(start)
end_node = Node(end)
open_list.append(start_node)
while open_list:
current_node = heapq.heappop(open_list)
if current_node.position == end_node.position:
path = []
while current_node:
path.append(current_node.position)
current_node = current_node.parent
return path[::-1]
closed_list.add(current_node.position)
for neighbor in get_neighbors(grid, current_node):
if neighbor.position in closed_list:
continue
if neighbor not in open_list:
neighbor.g = current_node.g + 1
neighbor.h = manhattan_distance(neighbor.position, end_node.position)
neighbor.f = neighbor.g + neighbor.h
neighbor.parent = current_node
heapq.heappush(open_list, neighbor)
else:
if neighbor.g > current_node.g + 1:
neighbor.g = current_node.g + 1
neighbor.f = neighbor.g + neighbor.h
neighbor.parent = current_node
heapq.heapify(open_list)
return None # No path found
def get_neighbors(grid, node):
rows = len(grid)
cols = len(grid[0])
row, col = node.position
neighbors = []
if row > 0 and grid[row - 1][col] == 0:
neighbors.append(Node((row - 1, col)))
if row < rows - 1 and grid[row + 1][col] == 0:
neighbors.append(Node((row + 1, col)))
if col > 0 and grid[row][col - 1] == 0:
neighbors.append(Node((row, col - 1)))
if col < cols - 1 and grid[row][col + 1] == 0:
neighbors.append(Node((row, col + 1)))
return neighbors
def manhattan_distance(a, b):
return abs(a[0] - b[0]) + abs(a[1] - b[1])
# Example usage
grid = [
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
]
start = (0, 0)
end = (4, 4)
path = astar(grid, start, end)
print(path)
Context
You can influence how a model responds to prompts by adding additional
context in system instructions.
For example, suppose you want to use a model to write speeches for events.
Compare the difference in the model's responses when you provide the
following context:
Specific items to include in the speech.
No extra context.
System instructions
Things to include in the speech
No extra context
Help the user write a speech based on the information provided:
Event
Audience Size
Speaker Information (name, age, etc.)
Speech Tone
Speech Length
Miscellaneous
If the user does not provide all of this information, please respond
with, "I'm sorry, but I do not have all of the necessary information to
create a speech. Please provide the event, audience size, speaker
information, tone, length, and any miscellaneous information."
Some general things to include are:
Breaks for pause
An intriguing hook
A closing remark to keep the speech memorable
A joke
Help the user write a speech based on the information provided:
Event
Audience Size
Speaker Information (name, age, etc.)
Speech Tone
Speech Length
Miscellaneous
If the user does not provide all of this information, please respond
with, "I'm sorry, but I do not have all of the necessary information to
create a speech. Please provide the event, audience size, speaker
information, tone, length, and any miscellaneous information."
Prompt
Event: High School Graduation
Audience Size: 1,000 people
Speaker Info: Michael Landish, 17 years old
Tone: nostalgic, optimistic
Speech Length: 250-500 words
Miscellaneous: Michael was the senior class president, his favorite
teacher was his junior year English teacher, Mrs. Martin, and he will
be going to Los Caminos State University to study economics and
English. He has never given a speech before, and he is nervous due to
his dyslexia.
Response
"Good morning faculty, family, friends, and most importantly,
fellow graduates of the class of 2023!
(Pause)
Standing here, looking out at all of you, it feels surreal. Just
yesterday, we were freshmen, wide-eyed and a little terrified. Remember
those first day jitters? I know I do. I almost tripped and fell carrying
my history textbook – a near disaster that would have been immortalised
in the halls of [High School Name] history!
(Pause for laughter)
But seriously, look at us now! We've grown up, learned a lot – and
I'm not just talking about the Pythagorean Theorem. We've learned about
perseverance, about friendship, and about the power of a well-placed
sticky note during exam week.
These past four years have been amazing, and I owe a lot of my own
growth to some truly exceptional teachers. I'd especially like to thank
Mrs. Martin, my junior year English teacher, who taught me that words
have power, and that even with dyslexia, I can find my voice. Thank you,
Mrs. Martin.
(Pause)
Now, we're standing on the edge of something new and exciting. As we
head off to different colleges, different cities, even different
countries, let's carry the lessons we've learned at [High School Name]
with us. Let's remember the laughter, the friendships, and even the
occasional all-nighter before a big test.
(Pause)
Graduates, the world is waiting for us. Let's face it head-on, with
courage, with optimism, and with the unwavering support of the amazing
Class of 2023 behind us. Congratulations everyone, and remember – the
best is yet to come!
"Good morning, faculty, family, friends, and most importantly, my
fellow graduates of the Class of [Year]!
It feels strange standing here before you, not just as Michael
Landish, but as your class president. For the last four years, these
hallways have been our proving grounds, filled with laughter, late-night
study sessions (some more successful than others), and enough shared
memories to last a lifetime. We've grown up together within these walls,
and now, as we stand on the precipice of something new and unknown, it's
hard not to feel a little overwhelmed.
Thinking back, it seems like yesterday we were awkward freshmen,
navigating crowded hallways and trying to figure out where we fit in.
And now, looking out at all of you, I'm struck by how far we've come.
We've cheered each other on in victory and offered support during
setbacks. We've learned from our mistakes, celebrated our triumphs, and
most importantly, formed bonds of friendship that I know will last a
lifetime.
I'd like to especially thank Mrs. Martin, my junior year English
teacher, for her patience and guidance. Your belief in me, especially
when I struggled, helped me find my voice not just as a student, but as
a person. Thank you.
Now, we embark on our next chapter. Some, like myself, will be
heading to Los Caminos State University, eager to delve into the worlds
of economics and, yes, even more English. Others will pursue different
paths, equally valid and exciting. Though our journeys may diverge, let
us always remember the lessons we've learned and the friendships we've
forged within these walls. Let's carry the spirit of the Class of
[Year] with us – the spirit of resilience, determination, and unwavering
support for one another.
Congratulations to the graduating class! I can't wait to see what
amazing things we accomplish.
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