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Publier avec des clés de tri

Publie des messages avec une clé de tri.

En savoir plus

Pour obtenir une documentation détaillée incluant cet exemple de code, consultez les articles suivants :

Publier des messages dans des sujets

Exemple de code

C++

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour C++ du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour C++.

Pour vous authentifier auprès de Pub/Sub, configurez le service Identifiants par défaut de l'application. Pour en savoir plus, consultez Configurer l'authentification pour un environnement de développement local.

namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
using ::google::cloud::future;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](pubsub::Publisher publisher) {
  struct SampleData {
    std::string ordering_key;
    std::string data;
  } data[] = {
      {"key1", "message1"}, {"key2", "message2"}, {"key1", "message3"},
      {"key1", "message4"}, {"key1", "message5"},
  };
  std::vector<future<void>> done;
  for (auto& datum : data) {
    auto message_id =
        publisher.Publish(pubsub::MessageBuilder{}
                              .SetData("Hello World! [" + datum.data + "]")
                              .SetOrderingKey(datum.ordering_key)
                              .Build());
    std::string ack_id = datum.ordering_key + "#" + datum.data;
    done.push_back(message_id.then([ack_id](future<StatusOr<std::string>> f) {
      auto id = f.get();
      if (!id) throw std::move(id).status();
      std::cout << "Message " << ack_id << " published with id=" << *id
                << "\n";
    }));
  }
  publisher.Flush();
  // Block until all the messages are published (optional)
  for (auto& f : done) f.get();
}

C#

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour C# du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour C#.


using Google.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class PublishOrderedMessagesAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> PublishOrderedMessagesAsync(string projectId, string topicId, IEnumerable<(string, string)> keysAndMessages)
    {
        TopicName topicName = TopicName.FromProjectTopic(projectId, topicId);

        var customSettings = new PublisherClient.Settings
        {
            EnableMessageOrdering = true
        };

        PublisherClient publisher = await new PublisherClientBuilder
        {
            TopicName = topicName,
            // Sending messages to the same region ensures they are received in order even when multiple publishers are used.
            Endpoint = "us-east1-pubsub.googleapis.com:443",
            Settings = customSettings
        }.BuildAsync();

        int publishedMessageCount = 0;
        var publishTasks = keysAndMessages.Select(async keyAndMessage =>
        {
            try
            {
                string message = await publisher.PublishAsync(keyAndMessage.Item1, keyAndMessage.Item2);
                Console.WriteLine($"Published message {message}");
                Interlocked.Increment(ref publishedMessageCount);
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"An error occurred when publishing message {keyAndMessage.Item2}: {exception.Message}");
            }
        });
        await Task.WhenAll(publishTasks);
        return publishedMessageCount;
    }
}

Go

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Go du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour Go.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub/v2"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

func publishWithOrderingKey(w io.Writer, projectID, topicID string) {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// topicID := "my-topic"
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Pub/Sub's ordered delivery guarantee only applies when publishes for an ordering key are in the same region.
	// For list of locational endpoints for Pub/Sub, see https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/reference/service_apis_overview#list_of_locational_endpoints
	client, err := pubsub.NewClient(ctx, projectID,
		option.WithEndpoint("us-east1-pubsub.googleapis.com:443"))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "pubsub.NewClient: %v", err)
		return
	}
	defer client.Close()

	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	var totalErrors uint64

	// client.Publisher can be passed a topic ID (e.g. "my-topic") or
	// a fully qualified name (e.g. "projects/my-project/topics/my-topic").
	// If a topic ID is provided, the project ID from the client is used.
	// Reuse this publisher for all publish calls to send messages in batches.
	publisher := client.Publisher(topicID)
	publisher.EnableMessageOrdering = true

	messages := []struct {
		message     string
		orderingKey string
	}{
		{
			message:     "message1",
			orderingKey: "key1",
		},
		{
			message:     "message2",
			orderingKey: "key2",
		},
		{
			message:     "message3",
			orderingKey: "key1",
		},
		{
			message:     "message4",
			orderingKey: "key2",
		},
	}

	for _, m := range messages {
		result := publisher.Publish(ctx, &pubsub.Message{
			Data:        []byte(m.message),
			OrderingKey: m.orderingKey,
		})

		wg.Add(1)
		go func(res *pubsub.PublishResult) {
			defer wg.Done()
			// The Get method blocks until a server-generated ID or
			// an error is returned for the published message.
			_, err := res.Get(ctx)
			if err != nil {
				// Error handling code can be added here.
				fmt.Printf("Failed to publish: %s\n", err)
				atomic.AddUint64(&totalErrors, 1)
				return
			}
		}(result)
	}

	wg.Wait()

	if totalErrors > 0 {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d of 4 messages did not publish successfully", totalErrors)
		return
	}

	fmt.Fprint(w, "Published 4 messages with ordering keys successfully\n")
}

Java

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Java du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour Java.

import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
import com.google.api.core.ApiFutureCallback;
import com.google.api.core.ApiFutures;
import com.google.api.gax.rpc.ApiException;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Publisher;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.TopicName;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class PublishWithOrderingKeys {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    // Choose an existing topic.
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";

    publishWithOrderingKeysExample(projectId, topicId);
  }

  public static void publishWithOrderingKeysExample(String projectId, String topicId)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    TopicName topicName = TopicName.of(projectId, topicId);
    // Create a publisher and set message ordering to true.
    Publisher publisher =
        Publisher.newBuilder(topicName)
            // Sending messages to the same region ensures they are received in order
            // even when multiple publishers are used.
            .setEndpoint("us-east1-pubsub.googleapis.com:443")
            .setEnableMessageOrdering(true)
            .build();

    try {
      Map<String, String> messages = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
      messages.put("message1", "key1");
      messages.put("message2", "key2");
      messages.put("message3", "key1");
      messages.put("message4", "key2");

      for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : messages.entrySet()) {
        ByteString data = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(entry.getKey());
        PubsubMessage pubsubMessage =
            PubsubMessage.newBuilder().setData(data).setOrderingKey(entry.getValue()).build();
        ApiFuture<String> future = publisher.publish(pubsubMessage);

        // Add an asynchronous callback to handle publish success / failure.
        ApiFutures.addCallback(
            future,
            new ApiFutureCallback<String>() {

              @Override
              public void onFailure(Throwable throwable) {
                if (throwable instanceof ApiException) {
                  ApiException apiException = ((ApiException) throwable);
                  // Details on the API exception.
                  System.out.println(apiException.getStatusCode().getCode());
                  System.out.println(apiException.isRetryable());
                }
                System.out.println("Error publishing message : " + pubsubMessage.getData());
              }

              @Override
              public void onSuccess(String messageId) {
                // Once published, returns server-assigned message ids (unique within the topic).
                System.out.println(pubsubMessage.getData() + " : " + messageId);
              }
            },
            MoreExecutors.directExecutor());
      }
    } finally {
      // When finished with the publisher, shutdown to free up resources.
      publisher.shutdown();
      publisher.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Node.js du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour Node.js.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const data = JSON.stringify({foo: 'bar'});
// const orderingKey = 'key1';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub({
  // Sending messages to the same region ensures they are received in order
  // even when multiple publishers are used.
  apiEndpoint: 'us-east1-pubsub.googleapis.com:443',
});

async function publishOrderedMessage(topicNameOrId, data, orderingKey) {
  // Publishes the message as a string, e.g. "Hello, world!" or JSON.stringify(someObject)
  const dataBuffer = Buffer.from(data);

  // Be sure to set an ordering key that matches other messages
  // you want to receive in order, relative to each other.
  const message = {
    data: dataBuffer,
    orderingKey: orderingKey,
  };

  // Cache topic objects (publishers) and reuse them.
  //
  // Pub/Sub's ordered delivery guarantee only applies when publishes for an ordering
  // key are in the same region. For list of locational endpoints for Pub/Sub, see:
  // https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/reference/service_apis_overview#list_of_locational_endpoints
  const publishOptions = {
    messageOrdering: true,
  };
  const topic = pubSubClient.topic(topicNameOrId, publishOptions);

  // Publishes the message
  const messageId = await topic.publishMessage(message);

  console.log(`Message ${messageId} published.`);

  return messageId;
}

Node.js

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration de Node.js décrites dans le Guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : utiliser des bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour Node.js.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_NAME_OR_ID';
// const data = JSON.stringify({foo: 'bar'});
// const orderingKey = 'key1';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {PublishOptions, PubSub} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Creates a client; cache this for further use
const pubSubClient = new PubSub({
  // Sending messages to the same region ensures they are received in order
  // even when multiple publishers are used.
  apiEndpoint: 'us-east1-pubsub.googleapis.com:443',
});

async function publishOrderedMessage(
  topicNameOrId: string,
  data: string,
  orderingKey: string,
) {
  // Publishes the message as a string, e.g. "Hello, world!" or JSON.stringify(someObject)
  const dataBuffer = Buffer.from(data);

  // Be sure to set an ordering key that matches other messages
  // you want to receive in order, relative to each other.
  const message = {
    data: dataBuffer,
    orderingKey: orderingKey,
  };

  // Cache topic objects (publishers) and reuse them.
  //
  // Pub/Sub's ordered delivery guarantee only applies when publishes for an ordering
  // key are in the same region. For list of locational endpoints for Pub/Sub, see:
  // https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/reference/service_apis_overview#list_of_locational_endpoints
  const publishOptions: PublishOptions = {
    messageOrdering: true,
  };
  const topic = pubSubClient.topic(topicNameOrId, publishOptions);

  // Publishes the message
  const messageId = await topic.publishMessage(message);

  console.log(`Message ${messageId} published.`);

  return messageId;
}

PHP

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour PHP du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour PHP.

use Google\Cloud\PubSub\MessageBuilder;
use Google\Cloud\PubSub\PubSubClient;

/**
 * Publishes a message for a Pub/Sub topic.
 *
 * @param string $projectId  The Google project ID.
 * @param string $topicName  The Pub/Sub topic name.
 */
function publish_with_ordering_keys($projectId, $topicName)
{
    $pubsub = new PubSubClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $topic = $pubsub->topic($topicName);
    foreach (range(1, 5) as $i) {
        $topic->publish((new MessageBuilder(['orderingKey' => 'foo']))
            ->setData('message' . $i)->build(), ['enableMessageOrdering' => true]);
    }

    print('Message published' . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Python du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour Python.

from google.cloud import pubsub_v1

# TODO(developer): Choose an existing topic.
# project_id = "your-project-id"
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"

publisher_options = pubsub_v1.types.PublisherOptions(enable_message_ordering=True)
# Sending messages to the same region ensures they are received in order
# even when multiple publishers are used.
client_options = {"api_endpoint": "us-east1-pubsub.googleapis.com:443"}
publisher = pubsub_v1.PublisherClient(
    publisher_options=publisher_options, client_options=client_options
)
# The `topic_path` method creates a fully qualified identifier
# in the form `projects/{project_id}/topics/{topic_id}`
topic_path = publisher.topic_path(project_id, topic_id)

for message in [
    ("message1", "key1"),
    ("message2", "key2"),
    ("message3", "key1"),
    ("message4", "key2"),
]:
    # Data must be a bytestring
    data = message[0].encode("utf-8")
    ordering_key = message[1]
    # When you publish a message, the client returns a future.
    future = publisher.publish(topic_path, data=data, ordering_key=ordering_key)
    print(future.result())

print(f"Published messages with ordering keys to {topic_path}.")

Ruby

Avant d'essayer cet exemple, suivez les instructions de configuration pour Ruby du guide de démarrage rapide de Pub/Sub : Utiliser les bibliothèques clientes. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la documentation de référence sur l'API Pub/Sub pour Ruby.

# topic_id = "your-topic-id"

pubsub = Google::Cloud::PubSub.new
# Start sending messages in one request once the size of all queued messages
# reaches 1 MB or the number of queued messages reaches 20
publisher = pubsub.publisher topic_id, async: {
  max_bytes:    1_000_000,
  max_messages: 20
}

publisher.enable_message_ordering!
10.times do |i|
  publisher.publish_async "This is message ##{i}.",
                          ordering_key: "ordering-key"
end

# Stop the async_publisher to send all queued messages immediately.
publisher.async_publisher.stop!
puts "Messages published with ordering key."

Étape suivante

Pour rechercher et filtrer des exemples de code pour d'autres produits Google Cloud , consultez l'explorateur d'exemplesGoogle Cloud .

Publier avec des clés de tri Restez organisé à l'aide des collections Enregistrez et classez les contenus selon vos préférences.

En savoir plus

Exemple de code

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

Étape suivante

Publier avec des clés de tri