Transcribing videos

This tutorial shows how to transcribe the audio track from a video file using Speech-to-Text.

Audio files can come from many different sources. Audio data can come from a phone (like voicemail) or the soundtrack included in a video file.

Speech-to-Text can use one of several machine learning models to transcribe your audio file, to best match the original source of the audio. You can get better results from your speech transcription by specifying the source of the original audio. This allows Speech-to-Text to process your audio files using a machine learning model trained for data similar to your audio file.

Objectives

• Send a audio transcription request for a video file to Speech-to-Text.

Costs

This tutorial uses billable components of Cloud Platform, including:

• Speech-to-Text

Use the Pricing Calculator to generate a cost estimate based on your projected usage. New Cloud Platform users might be eligible for a free trial.

Before you begin

This tutorial has several prerequisites:

• You've set up a Speech-to-Text project in the Google Cloud Console.
• You've set up your environment using Application Default Credentials in the Google Cloud Console.
• You have set up the development environment for your chosen programming language.
• You've installed the Google Cloud Client Library for your chosen programming language.

Preparing the audio data

Before you can transcribe audio from a video, you must extract the data from the video file. After you've extracted the audio data, you must store it in a Cloud Storage bucket or convert it to base64-encoding.

Note: If you use a client library for transcription, you don't need to store or convert the audio data. You only need to extract the audio data from the video file before sending a transcription request.

Extract the audio data

You can use any file conversion tool that handles audio and video files, such as FFmpeg.

Use the code snippet below to convert a video file to an audio file using ffmpeg.

ffmpeg -i video-input-file audio-output-file

Store or convert the audio data

You can transcribe an audio file stored on your local machine or in a Cloud Storage bucket.

Use the following command to upload your audio file to an existing Cloud Storage bucket using the gsutil tool.

gsutil cp audio-output-file storage-bucket-uri

If you use a local file and plan to send a request using the curl tool from the command line, you must convert the audio file to base64-encoded data first.

Use the following command to convert an audio file to a text file.

base64 audio-output-file -w 0 > audio-data-text

Sending a request

Use the following code to send a transcription request to Speech-to-Text.

Local file request

Protocol

Refer to the speech:recognize API endpoint for complete details.

To perform synchronous speech recognition, make a POST request and provide the appropriate request body. The following shows an example of a POST request using curl. The example uses the access token for a service account set up for the project using the Google Cloud Cloud SDK. For instructions on installing the Cloud SDK, setting up a project with a service account, and obtaining an access token, see the quickstart.

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
    https://speech.googleapis.com/v1/speech:recognize \
    --data '{
    "config": {
        "encoding": "LINEAR16",
        "sampleRateHertz": 16000,
        "languageCode": "en-US",
        "model": "video"
    },
    "audio": {
        "uri": "gs://cloud-samples-tests/speech/Google_Gnome.wav"
    }
}'

See the RecognitionConfig reference documentation for more information on configuring the request body.

If the request is successful, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code and the response in JSON format:

{
  "results": [
    {
      "alternatives": [
        {
          "transcript": "OK Google stream stranger things from
            Netflix to my TV okay stranger things from
            Netflix playing on TV from the people that brought you
            Google home comes the next evolution of the smart home
            and it's just outside your window me Google know hi
            how can I help okay no what's the weather like outside
            the weather outside is sunny and 76 degrees he's right
            okay no turn on the hose I'm holding sure okay no I'm can
            I eat this lemon tree leaf yes what about this Daisy yes
            but I wouldn't recommend it but I could eat it okay
            Nomad milk to my shopping list I'm sorry that sounds like
            an indoor request I keep doing that sorry you do keep
            doing that okay no is this compost really we're all
            compost if you think about it pretty much everything is
            made up of organic matter and will return",
          "confidence": 0.9251011
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

C#

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static object SyncRecognizeModelSelection(string filePath, string model)
{
    var speech = SpeechClient.Create();
    var response = speech.Recognize(new RecognitionConfig()
    {
        Encoding = RecognitionConfig.Types.AudioEncoding.Linear16,
        SampleRateHertz = 16000,
        LanguageCode = "en",
        // The `model` value must be one of the following:
        // "video", "phone_call", "command_and_search", "default"
        Model = model
    }, RecognitionAudio.FromFile(filePath));
    foreach (var result in response.Results)
    {
        foreach (var alternative in result.Alternatives)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(alternative.Transcript);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Go

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func modelSelection(w io.Writer, path string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := speech.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewClient: %v", err)
	}

	// path = "../testdata/Google_Gnome.wav"
	data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("ReadFile: %v", err)
	}

	req := &speechpb.RecognizeRequest{
		Config: &speechpb.RecognitionConfig{
			Encoding:        speechpb.RecognitionConfig_LINEAR16,
			SampleRateHertz: 16000,
			LanguageCode:    "en-US",
			Model:           "video",
		},
		Audio: &speechpb.RecognitionAudio{
			AudioSource: &speechpb.RecognitionAudio_Content{Content: data},
		},
	}

	resp, err := client.Recognize(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Recognize: %v", err)
	}

	for i, result := range resp.Results {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", strings.Repeat("-", 20))
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Result %d\n", i+1)
		for j, alternative := range result.Alternatives {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Alternative %d: %s\n", j+1, alternative.Transcript)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

Java

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/**
 * Performs transcription of the given audio file synchronously with the selected model.
 *
 * @param fileName the path to a audio file to transcribe
 */
public static void transcribeModelSelection(String fileName) throws Exception {
  Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
  byte[] content = Files.readAllBytes(path);

  try (SpeechClient speech = SpeechClient.create()) {
    // Configure request with video media type
    RecognitionConfig recConfig =
        RecognitionConfig.newBuilder()
            // encoding may either be omitted or must match the value in the file header
            .setEncoding(AudioEncoding.LINEAR16)
            .setLanguageCode("en-US")
            // sample rate hertz may be either be omitted or must match the value in the file
            // header
            .setSampleRateHertz(16000)
            .setModel("video")
            .build();

    RecognitionAudio recognitionAudio =
        RecognitionAudio.newBuilder().setContent(ByteString.copyFrom(content)).build();

    RecognizeResponse recognizeResponse = speech.recognize(recConfig, recognitionAudio);
    // Just print the first result here.
    SpeechRecognitionResult result = recognizeResponse.getResultsList().get(0);
    // There can be several alternative transcripts for a given chunk of speech. Just use the
    // first (most likely) one here.
    SpeechRecognitionAlternative alternative = result.getAlternativesList().get(0);
    System.out.printf("Transcript : %s\n", alternative.getTranscript());
  }
}

Node.js

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// Imports the Google Cloud client library for Beta API
/**
 * TODO(developer): Update client library import to use new
 * version of API when desired features become available
 */
const speech = require('@google-cloud/speech').v1p1beta1;
const fs = require('fs');

// Creates a client
const client = new speech.SpeechClient();

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const filename = 'Local path to audio file, e.g. /path/to/audio.raw';
// const model = 'Model to use, e.g. phone_call, video, default';
// const encoding = 'Encoding of the audio file, e.g. LINEAR16';
// const sampleRateHertz = 16000;
// const languageCode = 'BCP-47 language code, e.g. en-US';

const config = {
  encoding: encoding,
  sampleRateHertz: sampleRateHertz,
  languageCode: languageCode,
  model: model,
};
const audio = {
  content: fs.readFileSync(filename).toString('base64'),
};

const request = {
  config: config,
  audio: audio,
};

// Detects speech in the audio file
const [response] = await client.recognize(request);
const transcription = response.results
  .map(result => result.alternatives[0].transcript)
  .join('\n');
console.log('Transcription: ', transcription);

PHP

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use Google\Cloud\Speech\V1\SpeechClient;
use Google\Cloud\Speech\V1\RecognitionAudio;
use Google\Cloud\Speech\V1\RecognitionConfig;
use Google\Cloud\Speech\V1\RecognitionConfig\AudioEncoding;

/** Uncomment and populate these variables in your code */
// $audioFile = 'path to an audio file';
// $model = 'video';

// change these variables if necessary
$encoding = AudioEncoding::LINEAR16;
$sampleRateHertz = 32000;
$languageCode = 'en-US';

// get contents of a file into a string
$content = file_get_contents($audioFile);

// set string as audio content
$audio = (new RecognitionAudio())
    ->setContent($content);

// set config
$config = (new RecognitionConfig())
    ->setEncoding($encoding)
    ->setSampleRateHertz($sampleRateHertz)
    ->setLanguageCode($languageCode)
    ->setModel($model);

// create the speech client
$client = new SpeechClient();

// make the API call
$response = $client->recognize($config, $audio);
$results = $response->getResults();

// print results
foreach ($results as $result) {
    $alternatives = $result->getAlternatives();
    $mostLikely = $alternatives[0];
    $transcript = $mostLikely->getTranscript();
    $confidence = $mostLikely->getConfidence();
    printf('Transcript: %s' . PHP_EOL, $transcript);
    printf('Confidence: %s' . PHP_EOL, $confidence);
}

$client->close();

Python

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def transcribe_model_selection(speech_file, model):
    """Transcribe the given audio file synchronously with
    the selected model."""
    from google.cloud import speech

    client = speech.SpeechClient()

    with open(speech_file, "rb") as audio_file:
        content = audio_file.read()

    audio = speech.RecognitionAudio(content=content)

    config = speech.RecognitionConfig(
        encoding=speech.RecognitionConfig.AudioEncoding.LINEAR16,
        sample_rate_hertz=16000,
        language_code="en-US",
        model=model,
    )

    response = client.recognize(request={"config": config, "audio": audio})

    for i, result in enumerate(response.results):
        alternative = result.alternatives[0]
        print("-" * 20)
        print("First alternative of result {}".format(i))
        print(u"Transcript: {}".format(alternative.transcript))

Ruby

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# file_path = "path/to/audio.wav"

require "google/cloud/speech"

speech = Google::Cloud::Speech.speech

config = {
  encoding:          :LINEAR16,
  sample_rate_hertz: 16_000,
  language_code:     "en-US",
  model:             model
}

file  = File.binread file_path
audio = { content: file }

operation = speech.long_running_recognize config: config, audio: audio

puts "Operation started"

operation.wait_until_done!

raise operation.results.message if operation.error?

results = operation.response.results

results.each_with_index do |result, i|
  alternative = result.alternatives.first
  puts "-" * 20
  puts "First alternative of result #{i}"
  puts "Transcript: #{alternative.transcript}"
end

Remote file request

Java

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/**
 * Performs transcription of the remote audio file asynchronously with the selected model.
 *
 * @param gcsUri the path to the remote audio file to transcribe.
 */
public static void transcribeModelSelectionGcs(String gcsUri) throws Exception {
  try (SpeechClient speech = SpeechClient.create()) {

    // Configure request with video media type
    RecognitionConfig config =
        RecognitionConfig.newBuilder()
            // encoding may either be omitted or must match the value in the file header
            .setEncoding(AudioEncoding.LINEAR16)
            .setLanguageCode("en-US")
            // sample rate hertz may be either be omitted or must match the value in the file
            // header
            .setSampleRateHertz(16000)
            .setModel("video")
            .build();

    RecognitionAudio audio = RecognitionAudio.newBuilder().setUri(gcsUri).build();

    // Use non-blocking call for getting file transcription
    OperationFuture<LongRunningRecognizeResponse, LongRunningRecognizeMetadata> response =
        speech.longRunningRecognizeAsync(config, audio);

    while (!response.isDone()) {
      System.out.println("Waiting for response...");
      Thread.sleep(10000);
    }

    List<SpeechRecognitionResult> results = response.get().getResultsList();

    // Just print the first result here.
    SpeechRecognitionResult result = results.get(0);
    // There can be several alternative transcripts for a given chunk of speech. Just use the
    // first (most likely) one here.
    SpeechRecognitionAlternative alternative = result.getAlternativesList().get(0);
    System.out.printf("Transcript : %s\n", alternative.getTranscript());
  }
}

Node.js

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// Imports the Google Cloud client library for Beta API
/**
 * TODO(developer): Update client library import to use new
 * version of API when desired features become available
 */
const speech = require('@google-cloud/speech').v1p1beta1;

// Creates a client
const client = new speech.SpeechClient();

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const gcsUri = 'gs://my-bucket/audio.raw';
// const model = 'Model to use, e.g. phone_call, video, default';
// const encoding = 'Encoding of the audio file, e.g. LINEAR16';
// const sampleRateHertz = 16000;
// const languageCode = 'BCP-47 language code, e.g. en-US';

const config = {
  encoding: encoding,
  sampleRateHertz: sampleRateHertz,
  languageCode: languageCode,
  model: model,
};
const audio = {
  uri: gcsUri,
};

const request = {
  config: config,
  audio: audio,
};

// Detects speech in the audio file.
const [response] = await client.recognize(request);
const transcription = response.results
  .map(result => result.alternatives[0].transcript)
  .join('\n');
console.log('Transcription: ', transcription);

Cleaning up

To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud Platform account for the resources used in this tutorial:

Deleting the project

The easiest way to eliminate billing is to delete the project that you created for the tutorial.

To delete the project:

Caution: Deleting a project has the following effects:

• Everything in the project is deleted. If you used an existing project for this tutorial, when you delete it, you also delete any other work you've done in the project.
• Custom project IDs are lost. When you created this project, you might have created a custom project ID that you want to use in the future. To preserve the URLs that use the project ID, such as an appspot.com URL, delete selected resources inside the project instead of deleting the whole project.

If you plan to explore multiple tutorials and quickstarts, reusing projects can help you avoid exceeding project quota limits.

1. In the Cloud Console, go to the Manage resources page.

   Go to the Manage resources page

2. In the project list, select the project that you want to delete and then click Delete .
3. In the dialog, type the project ID and then click Shut down to delete the project.

Deleting instances

To delete a Compute Engine instance:

1. In the Cloud Console, go to the VM Instances page.

   Go to the VM Instances page

2. Click the checkbox for the instance you want to delete.
3. Click Delete to delete the instance.

Deleting firewall rules for the default network

To delete a firewall rule:

1. In the Cloud Console, go to the Firewall Rules page.

   Go to the Firewall Rules page

2. Click the checkbox for the firewall rule you want to delete.
3. Click Delete to delete the firewall rule.

What's next

• Learn how to get timestamps for audio.
• Identify different speakers in an audio file.