Menghapus data

Menghapus baris satu per satu dari tabel.

Jelajahi lebih lanjut

Untuk dokumentasi mendetail yang menyertakan contoh kode ini, lihat artikel berikut:

• Menyisipkan, memperbarui, dan menghapus data menggunakan mutasi

Contoh kode

C++

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

void DeleteData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  // Delete the albums with key (2,1) and (2,3).
  //! [make-key] [keyset-add-key]
  auto delete_albums = spanner::DeleteMutationBuilder(
                           "Albums", spanner::KeySet()
                                         .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(2, 1))
                                         .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(2, 3)))
                           .Build();
  //! [make-key] [keyset-add-key]

  // Delete some singers using the keys in the range [3, 5]
  //! [make-keybound-closed]
  auto delete_singers_range =
      spanner::DeleteMutationBuilder(
          "Singers", spanner::KeySet().AddRange(spanner::MakeKeyBoundClosed(3),
                                                spanner::MakeKeyBoundOpen(5)))
          .Build();
  //! [make-keybound-closed]

  // Deletes remaining rows from the Singers table and the Albums table, because
  // the Albums table is defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
  auto delete_singers_all =
      spanner::MakeDeleteMutation("Singers", spanner::KeySet::All());

  auto commit_result = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      delete_albums, delete_singers_range, delete_singers_all});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Delete was successful [spanner_delete_data]\n";
}

C#

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteDataAsyncSample
{
    public class Album
    {
        public int SingerId { get; set; }
        public int AlbumId { get; set; }
        public string AlbumTitle { get; set; }
    }

    public async Task<int> DeleteDataAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        var albums = new List<Album>
        {
            new Album { SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 1, AlbumTitle = "Green" },
            new Album { SingerId = 2, AlbumId = 3, AlbumTitle = "Terrified" },
        };

        int rowCount = 0;
        using (var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString))
        {
            await connection.OpenAsync();

            // Delete individual rows from the Albums table.
            await Task.WhenAll(albums.Select(async album =>
            {
                var cmd = connection.CreateDeleteCommand("Albums", new SpannerParameterCollection
                {
                    { "SingerId", SpannerDbType.Int64, album.SingerId },
                    { "AlbumId", SpannerDbType.Int64, album.AlbumId }
                });
                rowCount += await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            }));
            Console.WriteLine("Deleted individual rows in Albums.");

            // Delete a range of rows from the Singers table where the column key is >=3 and <5.
            var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId >= 3 AND SingerId < 5");
            rowCount += await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) deleted from Singers.");

            // Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining
            // Albums rows since it was defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
            cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE true");
            rowCount += await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
            Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) deleted from Singers.");
        }
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

import (
	"context"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func delete(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	m := []*spanner.Mutation{
		// spanner.Key can be used to delete a specific set of rows.
		// Delete the Albums with the key values (2,1) and (2,3).
		spanner.Delete("Albums", spanner.Key{2, 1}),
		spanner.Delete("Albums", spanner.Key{2, 3}),
		// spanner.KeyRange can be used to delete rows with a key in a specific range.
		// Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
		spanner.Delete("Singers", spanner.KeyRange{Start: spanner.Key{3}, End: spanner.Key{5}, Kind: spanner.ClosedOpen}),
		// spanner.AllKeys can be used to delete all the rows in a table.
		// Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining Albums rows since it was
		// defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
		spanner.Delete("Singers", spanner.AllKeys()),
	}
	_, err = client.Apply(ctx, m)
	return err
}

Java

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

static void deleteExampleData(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  List<Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<>();

  // KeySet.Builder can be used to delete a specific set of rows.
  // Delete the Albums with the key values (2,1) and (2,3).
  mutations.add(
      Mutation.delete(
          "Albums", KeySet.newBuilder().addKey(Key.of(2, 1)).addKey(Key.of(2, 3)).build()));

  // KeyRange can be used to delete rows with a key in a specific range.
  // Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
  mutations.add(
      Mutation.delete("Singers", KeySet.range(KeyRange.closedOpen(Key.of(3), Key.of(5)))));

  // KeySet.all() can be used to delete all the rows in a table.
  // Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining Albums rows since it was
  // defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
  mutations.add(Mutation.delete("Singers", KeySet.all()));

  dbClient.write(mutations);
  System.out.printf("Records deleted.\n");
}

Node.js

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

// Instantiate Spanner table object
const albumsTable = database.table('Albums');

// Deletes individual rows from the Albums table.
try {
  const keys = [
    [2, 1],
    [2, 3],
  ];
  await albumsTable.deleteRows(keys);
  console.log('Deleted individual rows in Albums.');
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
}

// Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: 'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId >= 3 AND SingerId < 5',
    });
    console.log(`${rowCount} records deleted from Singers.`);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  }

  // Deletes remaining rows from the Singers table and the Albums table,
  // because Albums table is defined with ON DELETE CASCADE.
  try {
    // The WHERE clause is required for DELETE statements to prevent
    // accidentally deleting all rows in a table.
    // https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/dml-syntax#where_clause
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: 'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE true',
    });
    console.log(`${rowCount} records deleted from Singers.`);
    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    await database.close();
  }
});

PHP

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\KeyRange;
use Google\Cloud\Core\Exception\GoogleException;

/**
 * Deletes sample data from the given database.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @throws GoogleException
 */
function delete_data(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    // Delete individual rows
    $albumsToDelete = $spanner->keySet([
        'keys' => [[2, 1], [2, 3]]
    ]);
    $database->delete('Albums', $albumsToDelete);

    // Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
    // NOTE: A KeyRange must include a start and end.
    // NOTE: startType and endType both default to KeyRange::TYPE_OPEN.
    $singersRange = $spanner->keyRange([
        'startType' => KeyRange::TYPE_CLOSED,
        'start' => [3],
        'endType' => KeyRange::TYPE_OPEN,
        'end' => [5]
    ]);
    $singersToDelete = $spanner->keySet([
        'ranges' => [$singersRange]
    ]);
    $database->delete('Singers', $singersToDelete);

    // Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining
    // Albums rows because Albums was defined with ON DELETE CASCADE
    $remainingSingers = $spanner->keySet([
        'all' => true
    ]);
    $database->delete('Singers', $remainingSingers);

    print('Deleted data.' . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

def delete_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Deletes sample data from the given database.

    The database, table, and data must already exist and can be created using
    `create_database` and `insert_data`.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    # Delete individual rows
    albums_to_delete = spanner.KeySet(keys=[[2, 1], [2, 3]])

    # Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
    singers_range = spanner.KeyRange(start_closed=[3], end_open=[5])
    singers_to_delete = spanner.KeySet(ranges=[singers_range])

    # Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining
    # Albums rows because Albums was defined with ON DELETE CASCADE
    remaining_singers = spanner.KeySet(all_=True)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.delete("Albums", albums_to_delete)
        batch.delete("Singers", singers_to_delete)
        batch.delete("Singers", remaining_singers)

    print("Deleted data.")

Ruby

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

# Delete individual rows
client.delete "Albums", [[2, 1], [2, 3]]

# Delete a range of rows where the column key is >=3 and <5
key_range = client.range 3, 5, exclude_end: true
client.delete "Singers", key_range

# Delete remaining Singers rows, which will also delete the remaining
# Albums rows because Albums was defined with ON DELETE CASCADE
client.delete "Singers"

Langkah selanjutnya

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