Buat database

Membuat database.

Jelajahi lebih lanjut

Untuk dokumentasi mendetail yang menyertakan contoh kode ini, lihat artikel berikut:

• Membuat dan mengelola database
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di C#
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di C++
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di Go
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di Java
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di JDBC
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di Node.js
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di PHP
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di Python
• Mulai menggunakan Spanner di Ruby

Contoh kode

C++

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

void CreateDatabase(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                    std::string const& project_id,
                    std::string const& instance_id,
                    std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  google::spanner::admin::database::v1::CreateDatabaseRequest request;
  request.set_parent(database.instance().FullName());
  request.set_create_statement("CREATE DATABASE `" + database.database_id() +
                               "`");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
      CREATE TABLE Singers (
          SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,
          FirstName  STRING(1024),
          LastName   STRING(1024),
          SingerInfo BYTES(MAX),
          FullName   STRING(2049)
              AS (ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], " ")) STORED
      ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId))""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
      CREATE TABLE Albums (
          SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
          AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
          AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
      ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
          INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE)""");
  auto db = client.CreateDatabase(request).get();
  if (!db) throw std::move(db).status();
  std::cout << "Database " << db->name() << " created.\n";
}

C#

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class CreateDatabaseAsyncSample
{
    public async Task CreateDatabaseAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        var createDatabase = $"CREATE DATABASE `{databaseId}`";
        // Define create table statement for table #1.
        var createSingersTable =
        @"CREATE TABLE Singers (
                     SingerId INT64 NOT NULL,
                     FirstName STRING(1024),
                     LastName STRING(1024),
                     ComposerInfo BYTES(MAX),
                     FullName STRING(2048) AS (ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], "" "")) STORED
                 ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)";
        // Define create table statement for table #2.
        var createAlbumsTable =
        @"CREATE TABLE Albums (
                     SingerId INT64 NOT NULL,
                     AlbumId INT64 NOT NULL,
                     AlbumTitle STRING(MAX)
                 ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
                 INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE";

        using var createDbCommand = connection.CreateDdlCommand(createDatabase, createSingersTable, createAlbumsTable);
        await createDbCommand.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    }
}

Go

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/spanner/admin/database/v1"
)

func createDatabase(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db string) error {
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid database id %s", db)
	}

	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	op, err := adminClient.CreateDatabase(ctx, &adminpb.CreateDatabaseRequest{
		Parent:          matches[1],
		CreateStatement: "CREATE DATABASE `" + matches[2] + "`",
		ExtraStatements: []string{
			`CREATE TABLE Singers (
				SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,
				FirstName  STRING(1024),
				LastName   STRING(1024),
				SingerInfo BYTES(MAX),
				FullName   STRING(2048) AS (
					ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], " ")
				) STORED
			) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)`,
			`CREATE TABLE Albums (
				SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
				AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
				AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
			) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
			INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE`,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created database [%s]\n", db)
	return nil
}

Java

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

static void createDatabase(
    final DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient,
    final InstanceName instanceName,
    final String databaseId,
    final Properties properties) throws SQLException {
  // Use the Spanner admin client to create a database.
  CreateDatabaseRequest createDatabaseRequest =
      CreateDatabaseRequest.newBuilder()
          .setCreateStatement("CREATE DATABASE `" + databaseId + "`")
          .setParent(instanceName.toString())
          .build();
  try {
    dbAdminClient.createDatabaseAsync(createDatabaseRequest).get();
  } catch (ExecutionException e) {
    throw SpannerExceptionFactory.asSpannerException(e.getCause());
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
  }

  // Connect to the database with the JDBC driver and create two test tables.
  String projectId = instanceName.getProject();
  String instanceId = instanceName.getInstance();
  try (Connection connection =
      DriverManager.getConnection(
          String.format(
              "jdbc:cloudspanner:/projects/%s/instances/%s/databases/%s",
              projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
          properties)) {
    try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
      // Create the tables in one batch.
      statement.addBatch(
          "CREATE TABLE Singers ("
              + "  SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,"
              + "  FirstName  STRING(1024),"
              + "  LastName   STRING(1024),"
              + "  SingerInfo BYTES(MAX),"
              + "  FullName STRING(2048) AS "
              + "  (ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], \" \")) STORED"
              + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)");
      statement.addBatch(
          "CREATE TABLE Albums ("
              + "  SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,"
              + "  AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,"
              + "  AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)"
              + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),"
              + "  INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE");
      statement.executeBatch();
    }
  }
  System.out.printf(
      "Created database [%s]\n",
      DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
}

Node.js

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectID,
});

const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

const createSingersTableStatement = `
CREATE TABLE Singers (
  SingerId    INT64 NOT NULL,
  FirstName   STRING(1024),
  LastName    STRING(1024),
  SingerInfo  BYTES(MAX),
  FullName    STRING(2048) AS (ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], " ")) STORED,
) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)`;
const createAlbumsTableStatement = `
CREATE TABLE Albums (
  SingerId    INT64 NOT NULL,
  AlbumId     INT64 NOT NULL,
  AlbumTitle  STRING(MAX)
) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE`;

// Creates a new database
try {
  const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.createDatabase({
    createStatement: 'CREATE DATABASE `' + databaseID + '`',
    extraStatements: [
      createSingersTableStatement,
      createAlbumsTableStatement,
    ],
    parent: databaseAdminClient.instancePath(projectID, instanceID),
  });

  console.log(`Waiting for creation of ${databaseID} to complete...`);
  await operation.promise();

  console.log(`Created database ${databaseID} on instance ${instanceID}.`);
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
}

PHP

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\CreateDatabaseRequest;

/**
 * Creates a database and tables for sample data.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * create_database($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function create_database(string $projectId, string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $instance = $databaseAdminClient->instanceName($projectId, $instanceId);

    $operation = $databaseAdminClient->createDatabase(
        new CreateDatabaseRequest([
            'parent' => $instance,
            'create_statement' => sprintf('CREATE DATABASE `%s`', $databaseId),
            'extra_statements' => [
                'CREATE TABLE Singers (' .
                'SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,' .
                'FirstName    STRING(1024),' .
                'LastName     STRING(1024),' .
                'SingerInfo   BYTES(MAX),' .
                'FullName     STRING(2048) AS' .
                '(ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], " ")) STORED' .
                ') PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)',
                'CREATE TABLE Albums (' .
                    'SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,' .
                    'AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,' .
                    'AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)' .
                ') PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),' .
                'INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE'
            ]
        ])
    );

    print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    printf('Created database %s on instance %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $databaseId, $instanceId);
}

Python

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

def create_database(instance_id, database_id):
    """Creates a database and tables for sample data."""
    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import \
        spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.CreateDatabaseRequest(
        parent=database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
        create_statement=f"CREATE DATABASE `{database_id}`",
        extra_statements=[
            """CREATE TABLE Singers (
            SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
            FirstName    STRING(1024),
            LastName     STRING(1024),
            SingerInfo   BYTES(MAX),
            FullName   STRING(2048) AS (
                ARRAY_TO_STRING([FirstName, LastName], " ")
            ) STORED
        ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)""",
            """CREATE TABLE Albums (
            SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
            AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
            AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
        ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
        INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE""",
        ],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.create_database(request=request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    database = operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print(
        "Created database {} on instance {}".format(
            database.name,
            database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
        )
    )

Ruby

Untuk mempelajari cara menginstal dan menggunakan library klien untuk Spanner, lihat library klien Spanner.

Untuk mengautentikasi ke Spanner, siapkan Kredensial Default Aplikasi. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, baca Menyiapkan autentikasi untuk lingkungan pengembangan lokal.

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"

database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin

instance_path = database_admin_client.instance_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id

job = database_admin_client.create_database parent: instance_path,
                                            create_statement: "CREATE DATABASE `#{database_id}`",
                                            extra_statements: [
                                              "CREATE TABLE Singers (
      SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
      FirstName    STRING(1024),
      LastName     STRING(1024),
      SingerInfo   BYTES(MAX)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)",

                                              "CREATE TABLE Albums (
      SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
      AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
      AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
    INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE"
                                            ]

puts "Waiting for create database operation to complete"

job.wait_until_done!

puts "Created database #{database_id} on instance #{instance_id}"

Langkah selanjutnya

Untuk menelusuri dan memfilter contoh kode untuk produk Google Cloud lainnya, lihat browser contoh Google Cloud.