importpsycopgwithpsycopg.connect("host=/tmpport=PORTdbname=DATABASE_NAME") as conn:conn.autocommit=Truewithconn.cursor()ascur:cur.execute("select 'Hello world!' as hello")print("Greetings from Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL:",cur.fetchone()[0])
[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["難以理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["資訊或程式碼範例有誤","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["缺少我需要的資訊/範例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["上次更新時間:2025-09-05 (世界標準時間)。"],[],[],null,["# Connect psycopg3 to a PostgreSQL-dialect database\n\nThis page explains how to connect the [PostgreSQL psycopg3 driver](https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/) to\na PostgreSQL-dialect database in Spanner. `psycopg3` is a Python\ndriver for PostgreSQL.\n\n1. Verify that PGAdapter is running on the same machine as the\n application that is connecting using the PostgreSQL psycopg3 driver.\n\n export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-n\"\u003eCREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e/credentials.json\n docker pull gcr.io/cloud-spanner-pg-adapter/pgadapter\n docker run \\\n -d -p 5432:5432 \\\n -v ${GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS}:${GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS}:ro \\\n -e GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS \\\n gcr.io/cloud-spanner-pg-adapter/pgadapter \\\n -p \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-n\"\u003ePROJECT_NAME\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e -i \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-n\"\u003eINSTANCE_NAME\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e \\\n -x\n\n For more information, see [Start PGAdapter](/spanner/docs/pgadapter-start).\n2. Connect to PGAdapter using TCP.\n\n import psycopg\n\n with psycopg.connect(\"host=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eAPPLICATION_HOST\u003c/var\u003e port=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePORT\u003c/var\u003e dbname=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDATABASE_NAME\u003c/var\u003e sslmode=disable\") as conn:\n conn.autocommit = True\n with conn.cursor() as cur:\n cur.execute(\"select 'Hello world!' as hello\")\n print(\"Greeting from Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL:\", cur.fetchone()[0])\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eAPPLICATION_HOST\u003c/var\u003e: the hostname or IP address of the machine where PGAdapter is running. If running locally, use `localhost`.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePORT\u003c/var\u003e: the port number where PGAdapter is running. Change this in the connection string if PGAdapter is running on a custom port. Otherwise, use the default port, `5432`.\n\n### Unix domain sockets\n\nThis section explains how to use Unix domain sockets to connect to a\nPostgreSQL-dialect database. Use Unix domain sockets for the lowest possible latency.\n\nTo use Unix domain sockets, PGAdapter must be running on the\nsame host as the client application.\n\nVerify the PostgreSQL JDBC driver is loaded. \n\n import psycopg\n\n with psycopg.connect(\"host=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e/tmp\u003c/var\u003e\n port=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-n\"\u003ePORT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e\n dbname=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-n\"\u003eDATABASE_NAME\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e\") as conn:\n conn.autocommit = True\n with conn.cursor() as cur:\n cur.execute(\"select 'Hello world!' as hello\")\n print(\"Greetings from Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL:\", cur.fetchone()[0])\n\nReplace the following:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e/tmp\u003c/var\u003e: the default domain socket directory for PGAdapter. This can be changed using the `-dir` command-line argument.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePORT\u003c/var\u003e: the port number where PGAdapter is running. Change this in the connection string if PGAdapter is running on a custom port. Otherwise, use the default port, `5432`.\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- Learn more about [PGAdapter](/spanner/docs/pgadapter).\n- For more information about PostgreSQL psycopg3 driver connection options, see [psycopg3 Connection\n Options](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/pgadapter/blob/-/docs/psycopg3.md) in the PGAdapter GitHub repository."]]