[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["難以理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["資訊或程式碼範例有誤","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["缺少我需要的資訊/範例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["上次更新時間：2025-09-05 (世界標準時間)。"],[],[],null,["# Overview of drivers\n\nThis page describes the drivers that are supported for Spanner for\nGoogleSQL-dialect databases and PostgreSQL-dialect databases.\n\nGoogle supports open-source Spanner drivers for several popular\nobject-relational mapping libraries (ORMs) and frameworks. These drivers allow\nthe use of Spanner databases through APIs defined by those\nframeworks.\n\nThe following tables list all the open-source ORMs and drivers that are\nsupported for Spanner and the features that each one supports.\nThere is one table for each supported SQL dialect.\n\nYou can also use the Spanner client libraries to access the\nSpanner API. For more information, see\n[Spanner client libraries](/spanner/docs/reference/libraries).\n\n### GoogleSQL drivers and ORMs\n\n\\* This column describes R2DBC when used specifically with Spring Data. \n\n† Available only when sending literal SQL queries, by using the Spring Data\n`@Query` annotation.\n\n### PostgreSQL drivers and ORMs\n\nAll PostgreSQL drivers require the PGAdapter proxy to be\nrunning. For more information, see [About PGAdapter](/spanner/docs/pgadapter)."]]
