Cloud Firestore API - Class Google::Cloud::Firestore::Transaction (v2.9.0)

Version 2.9.0

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Reference documentation and code samples for the Cloud Firestore API class Google::Cloud::Firestore::Transaction.

Transaction

A transaction in Cloud Firestore is a set of reads and writes that execute atomically at a single logical point in time.

All changes are accumulated in memory until the block passed to Client#transaction completes. Transactions will be automatically retried when documents change before the transaction is committed. See Client#transaction.

Inherits

• Object

Example

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

city = firestore.col("cities").doc("SF")
city.set({ name: "San Francisco",
           state: "CA",
           country: "USA",
           capital: false,
           population: 860000 })

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  new_population = tx.get(city).data[:population] + 1
  tx.update(city, { population: new_population })
end

Methods

#client

def client() -> Client

Alias Of: #firestore

The client the Cloud Firestore transaction belongs to.

Returns

• (Client) — firestore client.

#create

def create(doc, data)

Creates a document with the provided data (fields and values).

The operation will fail if the document already exists.

Parameters

• doc (String, DocumentReference) — A string representing the path of the document, or a document reference object.
• data (Hash) — The document's fields and values.

Examples

Create a document using a document path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.create("cities/NYC", { name: "New York City" })
end

Create a document using a document reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.create(nyc_ref, { name: "New York City" })
end

Create a document and set a field to server_time:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.create(nyc_ref, { name: "New York City",
                       updated_at: firestore.field_server_time })
end

#delete

def delete(doc, exists: nil, update_time: nil)

Deletes a document from the database.

Parameters

• doc (String, DocumentReference) — A string representing the path of the document, or a document reference object.
• exists (Boolean) (defaults to: nil) — Whether the document must exist. When true, the document must exist or an error is raised. Default is false. Optional.
• update_time (Time) (defaults to: nil) — When set, the document must have been last updated at that time. Optional.

Examples

Delete a document using a document path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Delete a document
  tx.delete "cities/NYC"
end

Delete a document using a document reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Delete a document
  tx.delete nyc_ref
end

Delete a document using exists:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Delete a document
  tx.delete "cities/NYC", exists: true
end

Delete a document using the update_time precondition:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

last_updated_at = Time.now - 42 # 42 seconds ago

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Delete a document
  tx.delete "cities/NYC", update_time: last_updated_at
end

#find

def find(*docs, field_mask: nil) { |document| ... } -> Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>

Alias Of: #get_all

Retrieves a list of document snapshots.

Parameters

• docs (String, DocumentReference, Array<String|DocumentReference>) — One or more strings representing the path of the document, or document reference objects.
• field_mask (Array<String|FieldPath>) (defaults to: nil) — One or more field path values, representing the fields of the document to be returned. If a document has a field that is not present in this mask, that field will not be returned in the response. All fields are returned when the mask is not set.

  A field path can either be a FieldPath object, or a dotted string representing the nested fields. In other words the string represents individual fields joined by ".". Fields containing ~, *, /, [, ], and . cannot be in a dotted string, and should provided using a FieldPath object instead. See Client#field_path.)

Yields

• (documents) — The block for accessing the document snapshots.

Yield Parameter

• document (DocumentSnapshot) — A document snapshot.

Returns

• (Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>) — document snapshots list.

Examples

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  tx.get_all("cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA").each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

Get docs using a field mask:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  cities = ["cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA"]
  tx.get_all(*cities, field_mask: :population).each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

#firestore

def firestore() -> Client

Aliases

• #client

The client the Cloud Firestore transaction belongs to.

Returns

• (Client) — firestore client.

#get

def get(obj) { |document| ... } -> DocumentSnapshot, Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>

Aliases

• #run

Retrieves document snapshots for the given value. Valid values can be a string representing either a document or a collection of documents, a document reference object, a collection reference object, or a query to be run.

Parameter

• obj (String, DocumentReference, CollectionReference, Query) — A string representing the path of a document or collection, a document reference object, a collection reference object, or a query to run.

Yields

• (documents) — The block for accessing the document snapshots.

Yield Parameter

• document (DocumentSnapshot) — A document snapshot.

Returns

• (DocumentSnapshot, Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>) — A single document snapshot when passed a document path or a document reference object, or a list of document snapshots when passed other valid values.

Examples

Get a document snapshot given a document path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get a document snapshot
  nyc_snap = tx.get "cities/NYC"
end

Get a document snapshot given a document reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get a document snapshot
  nyc_snap = tx.get nyc_ref
end

Get document snapshots given a collection path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get documents for a collection path
  tx.get("cities").each do |city|
    # Update the city population by 1
    tx.update(city, { population: city[:population] + 1})
  end
end

Get document snapshots given a collection reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a collection reference
cities_col = firestore.col :cities

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get documents for a collection
  tx.get(cities_col).each do |city|
    # Update the city population by 1
    tx.update(city, { population: city[:population] + 1})
  end
end

Get document snapshots given a query:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Create a query
query = firestore.col(:cities).select(:population)

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get/run a query
  tx.get(query).each do |city|
    # Update the city population by 1
    tx.update(city, { population: city[:population] + 1})
  end
end

#get_aggregate

def get_aggregate(aggregate_query) { |aggregate_snapshot| ... }

Retrieves aggregate query snapshots for the given value. Valid values can be a string representing either a document or a collection of documents, a document reference object, a collection reference object, or a query to be run.

Parameter

• aggregate_query (AggregateQuery) — An AggregateQuery object

Yields

• (documents) — The block for accessing the aggregate query snapshot.

Yield Parameter

• aggregate_snapshot (AggregateQuerySnapshot) — An aggregate query snapshot.

Example

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.get_aggregate aq do |aggregate_snapshot|
    puts aggregate_snapshot.get('count')
  end
end

#get_all

def get_all(*docs, field_mask: nil) { |document| ... } -> Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>

Aliases

• #get_docs
• #get_documents
• #find

Retrieves a list of document snapshots.

Parameters

• docs (String, DocumentReference, Array<String|DocumentReference>) — One or more strings representing the path of the document, or document reference objects.
• field_mask (Array<String|FieldPath>) (defaults to: nil) — One or more field path values, representing the fields of the document to be returned. If a document has a field that is not present in this mask, that field will not be returned in the response. All fields are returned when the mask is not set.

  A field path can either be a FieldPath object, or a dotted string representing the nested fields. In other words the string represents individual fields joined by ".". Fields containing ~, *, /, [, ], and . cannot be in a dotted string, and should provided using a FieldPath object instead. See Client#field_path.)

Yields

• (documents) — The block for accessing the document snapshots.

Yield Parameter

• document (DocumentSnapshot) — A document snapshot.

Returns

• (Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>) — document snapshots list.

Examples

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  tx.get_all("cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA").each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

Get docs using a field mask:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  cities = ["cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA"]
  tx.get_all(*cities, field_mask: :population).each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

#get_docs

def get_docs(*docs, field_mask: nil) { |document| ... } -> Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>

Alias Of: #get_all

Retrieves a list of document snapshots.

Parameters

• docs (String, DocumentReference, Array<String|DocumentReference>) — One or more strings representing the path of the document, or document reference objects.
• field_mask (Array<String|FieldPath>) (defaults to: nil) — One or more field path values, representing the fields of the document to be returned. If a document has a field that is not present in this mask, that field will not be returned in the response. All fields are returned when the mask is not set.

  A field path can either be a FieldPath object, or a dotted string representing the nested fields. In other words the string represents individual fields joined by ".". Fields containing ~, *, /, [, ], and . cannot be in a dotted string, and should provided using a FieldPath object instead. See Client#field_path.)

Yields

• (documents) — The block for accessing the document snapshots.

Yield Parameter

• document (DocumentSnapshot) — A document snapshot.

Returns

• (Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>) — document snapshots list.

Examples

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  tx.get_all("cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA").each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

Get docs using a field mask:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  cities = ["cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA"]
  tx.get_all(*cities, field_mask: :population).each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

#get_documents

def get_documents(*docs, field_mask: nil) { |document| ... } -> Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>

Alias Of: #get_all

Retrieves a list of document snapshots.

Parameters

• docs (String, DocumentReference, Array<String|DocumentReference>) — One or more strings representing the path of the document, or document reference objects.
• field_mask (Array<String|FieldPath>) (defaults to: nil) — One or more field path values, representing the fields of the document to be returned. If a document has a field that is not present in this mask, that field will not be returned in the response. All fields are returned when the mask is not set.

  A field path can either be a FieldPath object, or a dotted string representing the nested fields. In other words the string represents individual fields joined by ".". Fields containing ~, *, /, [, ], and . cannot be in a dotted string, and should provided using a FieldPath object instead. See Client#field_path.)

Yields

• (documents) — The block for accessing the document snapshots.

Yield Parameter

• document (DocumentSnapshot) — A document snapshot.

Returns

• (Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>) — document snapshots list.

Examples

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  tx.get_all("cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA").each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

Get docs using a field mask:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get and print city documents
  cities = ["cities/NYC", "cities/SF", "cities/LA"]
  tx.get_all(*cities, field_mask: :population).each do |city|
    puts "#{city.document_id} has #{city[:population]} residents."
  end
end

#run

def run(obj) { |document| ... } -> DocumentSnapshot, Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>

Alias Of: #get

Retrieves document snapshots for the given value. Valid values can be a string representing either a document or a collection of documents, a document reference object, a collection reference object, or a query to be run.

Parameter

• obj (String, DocumentReference, CollectionReference, Query) — A string representing the path of a document or collection, a document reference object, a collection reference object, or a query to run.

Yields

• (documents) — The block for accessing the document snapshots.

Yield Parameter

• document (DocumentSnapshot) — A document snapshot.

Returns

• (DocumentSnapshot, Enumerator<DocumentSnapshot>) — A single document snapshot when passed a document path or a document reference object, or a list of document snapshots when passed other valid values.

Examples

Get a document snapshot given a document path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get a document snapshot
  nyc_snap = tx.get "cities/NYC"
end

Get a document snapshot given a document reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get a document snapshot
  nyc_snap = tx.get nyc_ref
end

Get document snapshots given a collection path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get documents for a collection path
  tx.get("cities").each do |city|
    # Update the city population by 1
    tx.update(city, { population: city[:population] + 1})
  end
end

Get document snapshots given a collection reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a collection reference
cities_col = firestore.col :cities

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get documents for a collection
  tx.get(cities_col).each do |city|
    # Update the city population by 1
    tx.update(city, { population: city[:population] + 1})
  end
end

Get document snapshots given a query:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Create a query
query = firestore.col(:cities).select(:population)

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Get/run a query
  tx.get(query).each do |city|
    # Update the city population by 1
    tx.update(city, { population: city[:population] + 1})
  end
end

#set

def set(doc, data, merge: nil)

Writes the provided data (fields and values) to the provided document. If the document does not exist, it will be created. By default, the provided data overwrites existing data, but the provided data can be merged into the existing document using the merge argument.

If you're not sure whether the document exists, use the merge argument to merge the new data with any existing document data to avoid overwriting entire documents.

Parameters

• doc (String, DocumentReference) — A string representing the path of the document, or a document reference object.
• data (Hash) — The document's fields and values.
• merge (Boolean, FieldPath, String, Symbol) (defaults to: nil) — When true, all provided data is merged with the existing document data. When the argument is one or more field path, only the data for fields in this argument is merged with the existing document data. The default is to not merge, but to instead overwrite the existing document data.

Examples

Set a document using a document path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Update a document
  tx.set("cities/NYC", { name: "New York City" })
end

Create a document using a document reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  # Update a document
  tx.set(nyc_ref, { name: "New York City" })
end

Set a document and merge all data:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.set("cities/NYC", { name: "New York City" }, merge: true)
end

Set a document and merge only name:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.set("cities/NYC", { name: "New York City" }, merge: :name)
end

Set a document and deleting a field using merge:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

nyc_data = { name: "New York City",
             trash: firestore.field_delete }

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.set(nyc_ref, nyc_data, merge: true)
end

Set a document and set a field to server_time:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

nyc_data = { name: "New York City",
             updated_at: firestore.field_server_time }

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.set(nyc_ref, nyc_data, merge: true)
end

#transaction_id

def transaction_id() -> String

The transaction identifier.

Returns

• (String) — transaction identifier.

#update

def update(doc, data, update_time: nil)

Updates the document with the provided data (fields and values). The provided data is merged into the existing document data.

The operation will fail if the document does not exist.

Parameters

• doc (String, DocumentReference) — A string representing the path of the document, or a document reference object.
• data (Hash<FieldPath|String|Symbol, Object>) — The document's fields and values.

  The top-level keys in the data hash are considered field paths, and can either be a FieldPath object, or a string representing the nested fields. In other words the string represents individual fields joined by ".". Fields containing ~, *, /, [, ], and . cannot be in a dotted string, and should provided using a FieldPath object instead.

• update_time (Time) (defaults to: nil) — When set, the document must have been last updated at that time. Optional.

Examples

Update a document using a document path:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.update("cities/NYC", { name: "New York City" })
end

Directly update a deeply-nested field with a FieldPath:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

nested_field_path = firestore.field_path :favorites, :food

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.update("users/frank", { nested_field_path => "Pasta" })
end

Update a document using a document reference:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.update(nyc_ref, { name: "New York City" })
end

Update a document using the update_time precondition:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

last_updated_at = Time.now - 42 # 42 seconds ago

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.update("cities/NYC", { name: "New York City" },
           update_time: last_updated_at)
end

Update a document and deleting a field:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

nyc_data = { name: "New York City",
             trash: firestore.field_delete }

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.update(nyc_ref, nyc_data)
end

Update a document and set a field to server_time:

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new

# Get a document reference
nyc_ref = firestore.doc "cities/NYC"

nyc_data = { name: "New York City",
             updated_at: firestore.field_server_time }

firestore.transaction do |tx|
  tx.update(nyc_ref, nyc_data)
end