다음 UDF를 주제 또는 구독에 추가하면 메시지 게시 또는 전송 중에 다음과 같은 변경사항이 발생합니다.
Pub/Sub가 메시지에 함수를 적용합니다. 메시지에 JSON 페이로드가 없으면 UDF에서 오류가 발생합니다.
UDF는 메시지에 amount이라는 필드가 포함되어 있는지 확인합니다.
amount 필드 값이 100보다 크면 함수에서 오류가 발생합니다.
amount 필드의 값이 100보다 크지 않으면 함수는 원래 메시지를 반환합니다.
그런 다음 Pub/Sub은 메시지를 실패로 표시하거나 파이프라인의 다음 단계로 원래 메시지를 전달합니다.
functionvalidateAmount(message,metadata){constdata=JSON.parse(message.data);if(data["amount"] > 100){thrownewError("Amount is invalid");}returnmessage;}
[[["이해하기 쉬움","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["문제가 해결됨","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["기타","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["이해하기 어려움","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["잘못된 정보 또는 샘플 코드","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["필요한 정보/샘플이 없음","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["번역 문제","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["기타","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["최종 업데이트: 2025-09-04(UTC)"],[],[],null,["# User Defined Functions (UDFs) overview\n\nA JavaScript **User-Defined Function (UDF)** is a type of Single Message\nTransform (SMT). UDFs provide a flexible way to implement custom transformation\nlogic within Pub/Sub, similar to\n[BigQuery JavaScript UDFs](/bigquery/docs/user-defined-functions).\n\nUDFs accept a single message as input, perform the defined\nactions on the input, and return the result of the process.\n\nUDFs have the following key properties:\n\n- **Function name:** The name of the JavaScript function within the\n provided code that Pub/Sub applies to messages.\n\n- **Code:** The JavaScript code that defines the transformation logic.\n This code must contain a function with the following signature:\n\n /**\n * Transforms a Pub/Sub message.\n * @return {(Object\u003cstring, (string | Object\u003cstring, string\u003e)\u003e|* null)} - To\n * filter a message, return `null`. To transform a message, return a map with\n * the following keys:\n * - (required) 'data' : {string}\n * - (optional) 'attributes' : {Object\u003cstring, string\u003e}\n * Returning empty `attributes` will remove all attributes from the message.\n *\n * @param {(Object\u003cstring, (string | Object\u003cstring, string\u003e)\u003e} - Pub/Sub\n * message. Keys:\n * - (required) 'data' : {string}\n * - (required) 'attributes' : {Object\u003cstring, string\u003e}\n *\n * @param {Object\u003cstring, any\u003e} metadata - Pub/Sub message metadata.\n * Keys:\n * - (optional) 'message_id' : {string}\n * - (optional) 'publish_time': {string} YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ format\n * - (optional) 'ordering_key': {string}\n */\n function \u003cfunction_name\u003e(message, metadata) {\n // Perform custom transformation logic\n return message; // to filter a message instead, return `null`\n }\n\n### Inputs\n\n- **`message` argument:** A JavaScript object representing the\n Pub/Sub message. It contains the following properties:\n\n - `data`: (`String`, required) The message payload.\n\n - `attributes`: (`Object\u003cString, String\u003e`, optional) A map of key-value\n pairs representing message attributes.\n\n- **`metadata` argument:** A JavaScript object containing immutable metadata\n about the Pub/Sub message:\n\n - `message_id`: (`String`, optional) The unique ID of the message.\n\n - `publish_time`: (`String`, optional) The message's publish time in\n [RFC 3339](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3339) format (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ssZ).\n\n - `ordering_key`: (`String`, optional) The message's [ordering key](/pubsub/docs/ordering),\n if applicable.\n\n### Outputs\n\n- To transform a message, edit the contents of `message.data` and\n `message.attributes`, and return the altered `message` object.\n\n- To filter a message, return `null`.\n\nHow UDFs transform a message\n----------------------------\n\nThe result of running a UDF on a message can be one of the following:\n\n- The UDF transforms a message.\n\n- The UDF returns `null`.\n\n - Topic SMTs: Pub/Sub returns success to the publisher and\n includes a message ID in the response for the filtered messages.\n Pub/Sub does not store the message or send it to any subscribers.\n\n - Subscription SMTs: Pub/Sub acknowledges the message delivery\n without sending the message to a subscriber.\n\n- The UDF throws an error.\n\n - Topic SMTs: Pub/Sub returns the error to the publisher and\n does not publish any of the messages.\n\n - Subscription SMTs: Pub/Sub negatively acknowledges the message.\n\nLimitations\n-----------\n\nPub/Sub enforces resource limits on UDFs to ensure efficient\ntransformation operations. The limitations include:\n\n- A maximum of 20 KB of code per UDF\n- A maximum of 500 ms of execution time per message\n- Support for only [ECMAScript standard built-ins](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects)\n- No calls to external APIs\n- No imports of external libraries\n\nSample UDFs\n-----------\n\nHere are some sample UDFs for publishing and subscribing.\n\n### Function: Convert a day of the week integer to the corresponding string\n\nWhen you add the following UDF to a topic or a subscription,\nthe following changes take place during message publish or delivery:\n\n1. Pub/Sub applies the function to the message. If the message does\n not have a JSON payload, the UDF throws an error.\n\n2. The UDF looks for a field called `dayOfWeek` and if the value of this field\n is a number between 0 and 6, converts it to a corresponding day of the week such\n as `Monday`. If the field does not exist or the number is not in the range of 0\n to 6, the code sets the `dayOfWeek` field to `Unknown`.\n\n3. The UDF serializes the modified payload back into the message.\n\n4. Pub/Sub passes the updated message to the next step in your\n pipeline.\n\n function intToString(message, metadata) {\n const data = JSON.parse(message.data);\n switch(`data[\"dayOfWeek\"]`) {\n case 0:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Sunday\";\n break;\n case 1:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Monday\";\n break;\n case 2:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Tuesday\";\n break;\n case 3:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Wednesday\";\n break;\n case 4:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Thursday\";\n break;\n case 5:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Friday\";\n break;\n case 6:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Saturday\";\n break;\n default:\n data[\"dayOfWeek\"] = \"Unknown\";\n }\n message.data = JSON.stringify(data);\n return message;\n }\n\n### Function: Redact a social security number\n\nWhen you add the following UDF to a topic or a subscription,\nthe following changes take place during message publish or delivery:\n\n1. Pub/Sub applies the function to the message. If the message\n does not have a JSON payload, the UDF throws an error.\n\n2. The UDF removes the field `ssn` from the message payload (if it exists).\n\n3. The UDF serializes the modified payload back into the message.\n\n4. Pub/Sub passes the updated message to the next step in your\n pipeline.\n\n function redactSSN(message, metadata) {\n const data = JSON.parse(message.data);\n delete data['ssn'];\n message.data = JSON.stringify(data);\n return message;\n }\n\n### Function: Filter out and auto-ack specific messages\n\nWhen you add the following UDF to a topic or a subscription,\nthe following changes take place during message publish or delivery:\n\n1. Pub/Sub applies the function to the message. If the message does\n not have a JSON payload, the UDF throws an error.\n\n2. The UDF checks if the payload contains a field called `region`.\n\n3. If the value of the `region` field is not `US`, the function returns\n null, causing Pub/Sub to filter the message.\n\n4. If the value of the `region` field is `US`, Pub/Sub passes the\n original message to the next step in your pipeline.\n\n function filterForUSRegion(message, metadata) {\n const data = JSON.parse(message.data);\n if (data[\"region\"] !== \"US\") {\n return null;\n }\n return message;\n }\n\n### Function: Validate message content to ensure the amount is not greater than 100\n\nWhen you add the following UDF to a topic or a subscription,\nthe following changes take place during message publish or delivery:\n\n1. Pub/Sub applies the function to the message. If the message does\n not have a JSON payload, the UDF throws an error.\n\n2. The UDF checks if the message contains a field called `amount`.\n\n3. If the value of the `amount` field is greater than `100`, the function\n throws an error.\n\n4. If the value of the `amount` field is not greater than `100`, the\n function returns the original message.\n\n5. Pub/Sub then either marks the message as failed, or\n passes the original message to the next step in your pipeline.\n\n function validateAmount(message, metadata) {\n const data = JSON.parse(message.data);\n if (data[\"amount\"] \u003e 100) {\n throw new Error(\"Amount is invalid\");\n }\n return message;\n }\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Choose between topic and subscription SMTs](/pubsub/docs/smts/choose-smts)\n\n- [Create a topic with SMTs](/pubsub/docs/smts/create-topic-smt)\n\n- [Create a subscription with SMTs](/pubsub/docs/smts/create-subscription-smt)"]]