Pelacakan OpenTelemetry Pub/Sub

Pelacakan OpenTelemetry memungkinkan Anda mengidentifikasi dan melacak latensi berbagai operasi library klien Pub/Sub, seperti pengelompokan, pengelolaan sewa, dan kontrol alur. Mengumpulkan informasi ini dapat membantu Anda men-debug masalah library klien.

Beberapa potensi kasus penggunaan untuk pelacakan OpenTelemetry termasuk hal berikut:

• Layanan Anda mengalami latensi publikasi yang lebih tinggi dari biasanya.
• Anda mengalami pengiriman ulang pesan dalam jumlah besar.
• Perubahan pada fungsi callback klien subscriber Anda menyebabkan pemrosesan memerlukan waktu lebih lama dari biasanya.

Sebelum memulai

Sebelum mengonfigurasi OpenTelemetry, selesaikan tugas berikut:

• Siapkan Pub/Sub menggunakan salah satu library klien.
• Instal OpenTelemetry SDK dan siapkan pengekspor rekaman aktivitas dan penyedia pelacak.
• Aktifkan Cloud Trace API.
• Pahami cara membaca rekaman aktivitas Cloud Observability.

Peran yang diperlukan

Untuk memastikan bahwa akun layanan memiliki izin yang diperlukan untuk mengekspor rekaman aktivitas ke Cloud Trace, minta administrator untuk memberikan akun layanan peran IAM berikut di project Anda:

• Semua: Cloud Trace Agent (roles/cloudtrace.agent)

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang cara memberikan peran, lihat Mengelola akses ke project, folder, dan organisasi.

Peran bawaan ini berisi izin yang diperlukan untuk mengekspor rekaman aktivitas ke Cloud Trace. Untuk melihat izin yang benar-benar diperlukan, luaskan bagian Izin yang diperlukan:

Izin yang diperlukan

Izin berikut diperlukan untuk mengekspor rekaman aktivitas ke Cloud Trace:

• Semua: cloudtrace.traces.patch

Administrator Anda mungkin juga dapat memberikan izin ini kepada akun layanan dengan peran khusus atau peran bawaan lainnya.

Alur kerja pelacakan OpenTelemetry

Untuk menyiapkan pelacakan OpenTelemetry, Anda menggunakan library klien Pub/Sub dan OpenTelemetry SDK. Dengan SDK, Anda harus menyiapkan eksportir rekaman aktivitas dan penyedia pelacak, sebelum terhubung ke library Pub/Sub. Di beberapa library, menyiapkan penyedia pelacak adalah opsional.

• Eksportir rekaman aktivitas. OpenTelemetry SDK menggunakan pengekspor trace untuk menentukan tempat untuk mengirim trace.

• Penyedia pelacak. Library klien Pub/Sub menggunakan penyedia pelacak untuk membuat rekaman aktivitas.

Langkah-langkah berikut menguraikan cara menyiapkan pelacakan:

1. Buat instance pengekspor OpenTelemetry Cloud Trace.
2. Jika diperlukan, buat instance dan daftarkan Penyedia Pelacak menggunakan OpenTelemetery SDK.
3. Konfigurasikan klien Anda dengan opsi aktifkan pelacakan OpenTelemetry.
4. Gunakan library klien Pub/Sub untuk memublikasikan pesan.

Cara kerja pelacakan

Untuk setiap pesan yang dipublikasikan, library klien akan membuat rekaman aktivitas baru. Rekaman aktivitas ini mewakili seluruh siklus proses pesan, mulai dari saat Anda memublikasikan pesan hingga saat pesan dikonfirmasi. Rekaman aktivitas mengenkapsulasi informasi seperti durasi operasi, span induk dan span turunan, serta span tertaut.

Rekaman aktivitas terdiri dari span root dan span turunan yang sesuai. Rentang ini mewakili pekerjaan yang dilakukan library klien saat memproses pesan. Setiap trace pesan berisi hal berikut:

• Untuk publikasi. Kontrol alur, pengurutan penjadwalan kunci, pengelompokan, dan panjang RPC publikasi.
• Untuk langganan. Kontrol konkurensi, penjadwalan kunci pengurutan, dan pengelolaan sewa.

Untuk menyebarkan informasi dari sisi publikasi ke sisi langganan, library klien memasukkan atribut khusus pelacakan di sisi publikasi. Mekanisme penyebaran konteks hanya diaktifkan saat pelacakan diaktifkan dan ditambahkan dengan awalan googclient_.

Memublikasikan Pesan dengan pelacakan

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara mengaktifkan pelacakan menggunakan library klien Pub/Sub dan OpenTelemetry SDK. Dalam contoh ini, hasil pelacakan diekspor ke Cloud Trace.

Catatan: Cloud Trace hanya menyediakan eksportir untuk Java, Go, Node, dan Python. Untuk mengekspor dengan bahasa lain, gunakan OpenTelemetry Collector dengan Google Cloud Exporter. Penyiapan proses ini memerlukan langkah penyiapan tambahan yang tidak didokumentasikan di halaman ini.

Pertimbangan

Saat membuat instance penyedia pelacak, Anda mengonfigurasi rasio sampling dengan OpenTelemetry SDK. Rasio ini menentukan jumlah rekaman aktivitas yang harus diambil sampelnya oleh SDK. Kecepatan sampling yang lebih rendah dapat membantu mengurangi biaya penagihan dan mencegah layanan Anda melebihi kuota span Cloud Trace.

Peringatan: rekaman aktivitas dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu. Nama dan atribut span dapat berubah tanpa pemberitahuan. Hanya gunakan rekaman aktivitas run secara interaktif. Jangan gunakan dalam otomatisasi. Menjalankan rekaman aktivitas non-interaktif dapat menyebabkan masalah jika arsitektur rekaman aktivitas yang mendasarinya berubah tanpa pemberitahuan.

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"

	texporter "github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/trace"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.26.0"
)

// publishOpenTelemetryTracing publishes a single message with OpenTelemetry tracing
// enabled, exporting to Cloud Trace.
func publishOpenTelemetryTracing(w io.Writer, projectID, topicID string, sampling float64) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// topicID := "my-topic"
	ctx := context.Background()

	exporter, err := texporter.New(texporter.WithProjectID(projectID),
		// Disable spans created by the exporter.
		texporter.WithTraceClientOptions(
			[]option.ClientOption{option.WithTelemetryDisabled()},
		),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error instantiating exporter: %w", err)
	}

	resources := resource.NewWithAttributes(
		semconv.SchemaURL,
		semconv.ServiceNameKey.String("publisher"),
	)

	// Instantiate a tracer provider with the following settings
	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exporter),
		sdktrace.WithResource(resources),
		sdktrace.WithSampler(
			sdktrace.ParentBased(sdktrace.TraceIDRatioBased(sampling)),
		),
	)

	defer tp.ForceFlush(ctx) // flushes any pending spans
	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)

	// Create a new client with tracing enabled.
	client, err := pubsub.NewClientWithConfig(ctx, projectID, &pubsub.ClientConfig{
		EnableOpenTelemetryTracing: true,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub: NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	t := client.Topic(topicID)
	result := t.Publish(ctx, &pubsub.Message{
		Data: []byte("Publishing message with tracing"),
	})
	if _, err := result.Get(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub: result.Get: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Published a traced message")
	return nil
}

C++

// Create a few namespace aliases to make the code easier to read.
namespace gc = ::google::cloud;
namespace otel = gc::otel;
namespace pubsub = gc::pubsub;

// This example uses a simple wrapper to export (upload) OTel tracing data
// to Google Cloud Trace. More complex applications may use different
// authentication, or configure their own OTel exporter.
auto project = gc::Project(project_id);
auto configuration = otel::ConfigureBasicTracing(project);

auto publisher = pubsub::Publisher(pubsub::MakePublisherConnection(
    pubsub::Topic(project_id, topic_id),
    // Configure this publisher to enable OTel tracing. Some applications may
    // chose to disable tracing in some publishers or to dynamically enable
    // this option based on their own configuration.
    gc::Options{}.set<gc::OpenTelemetryTracingOption>(true)));

// After this point, use the Cloud Pub/Sub C++ client library as usual.
// In this example, we will send a few messages and configure a callback
// action for each one.
std::vector<gc::future<void>> ids;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  auto id = publisher.Publish(pubsub::MessageBuilder().SetData("Hi!").Build())
                .then([](gc::future<gc::StatusOr<std::string>> f) {
                  auto id = f.get();
                  if (!id) {
                    std::cout << "Error in publish: " << id.status() << "\n";
                    return;
                  }
                  std::cout << "Sent message with id: (" << *id << ")\n";
                });
  ids.push_back(std::move(id));
}
// Block until the messages are actually sent.
for (auto& id : ids) id.get();

Python

Sebelum mencoba contoh ini, ikuti petunjuk penyiapan Python di Panduan Memulai: Menggunakan Library Klien. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat dokumentasi referensi Pub/Sub Python API.

from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import (
    BatchSpanProcessor,
)
from opentelemetry.exporter.cloud_trace import CloudTraceSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.sampling import TraceIdRatioBased, ParentBased

from google.cloud.pubsub_v1 import PublisherClient
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1.types import PublisherOptions

# TODO(developer)
# topic_project_id = "your-topic-project-id"
# trace_project_id = "your-trace-project-id"
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"

# In this sample, we use a Google Cloud Trace to export the OpenTelemetry
# traces: https://cloud.google.com/trace/docs/setup/python-ot
# Choose and configure the exporter for your set up accordingly.

sampler = ParentBased(root=TraceIdRatioBased(1))
trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider(sampler=sampler))

# Export to Google Trace.
cloud_trace_exporter = CloudTraceSpanExporter(
    project_id=trace_project_id,
)
trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(
    BatchSpanProcessor(cloud_trace_exporter)
)

# Set the `enable_open_telemetry_tracing` option to True when creating
# the publisher client. This in itself is necessary and sufficient for
# the library to export OpenTelemetry traces. However, where the traces
# must be exported to needs to be configured based on your OpenTelemetry
# set up. Refer: https://opentelemetry.io/docs/languages/python/exporters/
publisher = PublisherClient(
    publisher_options=PublisherOptions(
        enable_open_telemetry_tracing=True,
    ),
)

# The `topic_path` method creates a fully qualified identifier
# in the form `projects/{project_id}/topics/{topic_id}`
topic_path = publisher.topic_path(topic_project_id, topic_id)
# Publish messages.
for n in range(1, 10):
    data_str = f"Message number {n}"
    # Data must be a bytestring
    data = data_str.encode("utf-8")
    # When you publish a message, the client returns a future.
    future = publisher.publish(topic_path, data)
    print(future.result())

print(f"Published messages to {topic_path}.")

TypeScript

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_OR_ID';
// const data = 'Hello, world!";

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {PubSub} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Imports the OpenTelemetry API
import {NodeTracerProvider} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node';
import {diag, DiagConsoleLogger, DiagLogLevel} from '@opentelemetry/api';
import {SimpleSpanProcessor} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base';

// To output to the console for testing, use the ConsoleSpanExporter.
// import {ConsoleSpanExporter} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base';

// To output to Cloud Trace, import the OpenTelemetry bridge library.
import {TraceExporter} from '@google-cloud/opentelemetry-cloud-trace-exporter';

import {Resource} from '@opentelemetry/resources';
import {SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME} from '@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions';

// Enable the diagnostic logger for OpenTelemetry
diag.setLogger(new DiagConsoleLogger(), DiagLogLevel.DEBUG);

// Log spans out to the console, for testing.
// const exporter = new ConsoleSpanExporter();

// Log spans out to Cloud Trace, for production.
const exporter = new TraceExporter();

// Build a tracer provider and a span processor to do
// something with the spans we're generating.
const provider = new NodeTracerProvider({
  resource: new Resource({
    [SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME]: 'otel publisher example',
  }),
});
const processor = new SimpleSpanProcessor(exporter);
provider.addSpanProcessor(processor);
provider.register();

// Creates a client; cache this for further use.
const pubSubClient = new PubSub({enableOpenTelemetryTracing: true});

async function publishMessage(topicNameOrId: string, data: string) {
  // Publishes the message as a string, e.g. "Hello, world!"
  // or JSON.stringify(someObject)
  const dataBuffer = Buffer.from(data);

  // Cache topic objects (publishers) and reuse them.
  const publisher = pubSubClient.topic(topicNameOrId);

  const messageId = await publisher.publishMessage({data: dataBuffer});
  console.log(`Message ${messageId} published.`);

  // The rest of the sample is in service to making sure that any
  // buffered Pub/Sub messages and/or OpenTelemetry spans are properly
  // flushed to the server side. In normal usage, you'd only need to do
  // something like this on process shutdown.
  await publisher.flush();
  await processor.forceFlush();
  await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, OTEL_TIMEOUT * 1000));
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const topicNameOrId = 'YOUR_TOPIC_OR_ID';
// const data = 'Hello, world!";

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Imports the OpenTelemetry API
const {NodeTracerProvider} = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node');
const {diag, DiagConsoleLogger, DiagLogLevel} = require('@opentelemetry/api');
const {SimpleSpanProcessor} = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base');

// To output to the console for testing, use the ConsoleSpanExporter.
// import {ConsoleSpanExporter} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base';

// To output to Cloud Trace, import the OpenTelemetry bridge library.
const {
  TraceExporter,
} = require('@google-cloud/opentelemetry-cloud-trace-exporter');

const {Resource} = require('@opentelemetry/resources');
const {
  SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME,
} = require('@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions');

// Enable the diagnostic logger for OpenTelemetry
diag.setLogger(new DiagConsoleLogger(), DiagLogLevel.DEBUG);

// Log spans out to the console, for testing.
// const exporter = new ConsoleSpanExporter();

// Log spans out to Cloud Trace, for production.
const exporter = new TraceExporter();

// Build a tracer provider and a span processor to do
// something with the spans we're generating.
const provider = new NodeTracerProvider({
  resource: new Resource({
    [SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME]: 'otel publisher example',
  }),
});
const processor = new SimpleSpanProcessor(exporter);
provider.addSpanProcessor(processor);
provider.register();

// Creates a client; cache this for further use.
const pubSubClient = new PubSub({enableOpenTelemetryTracing: true});

async function publishMessage(topicNameOrId, data) {
  // Publishes the message as a string, e.g. "Hello, world!"
  // or JSON.stringify(someObject)
  const dataBuffer = Buffer.from(data);

  // Cache topic objects (publishers) and reuse them.
  const publisher = pubSubClient.topic(topicNameOrId);

  const messageId = await publisher.publishMessage({data: dataBuffer});
  console.log(`Message ${messageId} published.`);

  // The rest of the sample is in service to making sure that any
  // buffered Pub/Sub messages and/or OpenTelemetry spans are properly
  // flushed to the server side. In normal usage, you'd only need to do
  // something like this on process shutdown.
  await publisher.flush();
  await processor.forceFlush();
  await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, OTEL_TIMEOUT * 1000));
}

Java

import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
import com.google.cloud.opentelemetry.trace.TraceConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.opentelemetry.trace.TraceExporter;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Publisher;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.TopicName;
import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.OpenTelemetrySdk;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SdkTracerProvider;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SimpleSpanProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.samplers.Sampler;
import io.opentelemetry.semconv.ResourceAttributes;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class OpenTelemetryPublisherExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";

    openTelemetryPublisherExample(projectId, topicId);
  }

  public static void openTelemetryPublisherExample(String projectId, String topicId)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    Resource resource =
        Resource.getDefault()
            .toBuilder()
            .put(ResourceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME, "publisher-example")
            .build();

    // Creates a Cloud Trace exporter.
    SpanExporter traceExporter =
        TraceExporter.createWithConfiguration(
            TraceConfiguration.builder().setProjectId(projectId).build());

    SdkTracerProvider sdkTracerProvider =
        SdkTracerProvider.builder()
            .setResource(resource)
            .addSpanProcessor(SimpleSpanProcessor.create(traceExporter))
            .setSampler(Sampler.alwaysOn())
            .build();

    OpenTelemetry openTelemetry =
        OpenTelemetrySdk.builder().setTracerProvider(sdkTracerProvider).buildAndRegisterGlobal();

    TopicName topicName = TopicName.of(projectId, topicId);

    Publisher publisher = null;
    try {
      // Create a publisher instance with the created OpenTelemetry object and enabling tracing.
      publisher =
          Publisher.newBuilder(topicName)
              .setOpenTelemetry(openTelemetry)
              .setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(true)
              .build();

      String message = "Hello World!";
      ByteString data = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(message);
      PubsubMessage pubsubMessage = PubsubMessage.newBuilder().setData(data).build();

      // Once published, returns a server-assigned message id (unique within the topic)
      ApiFuture<String> messageIdFuture = publisher.publish(pubsubMessage);
      String messageId = messageIdFuture.get();
      System.out.println("Published message ID: " + messageId);
    } finally {
      if (publisher != null) {
        // When finished with the publisher, shutdown to free up resources.
        publisher.shutdown();
        publisher.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
      }
    }
  }
}

Menerima pesan dengan pelacakan

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
	texporter "github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/trace"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.24.0"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

func subscribeOpenTelemetryTracing(w io.Writer, projectID, subID string, sampleRate float64) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// subID := "my-sub"
	// sampleRate := "1.0"
	ctx := context.Background()

	exporter, err := texporter.New(texporter.WithProjectID(projectID),
		// Disable spans created by the exporter.
		texporter.WithTraceClientOptions(
			[]option.ClientOption{option.WithTelemetryDisabled()},
		),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error instantiating exporter: %w", err)
	}

	resources := resource.NewWithAttributes(
		semconv.SchemaURL,
		semconv.ServiceNameKey.String("subscriber"),
	)

	// Instantiate a tracer provider with the following settings
	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exporter),
		sdktrace.WithResource(resources),
		sdktrace.WithSampler(
			sdktrace.ParentBased(sdktrace.TraceIDRatioBased(sampleRate)),
		),
	)

	defer tp.ForceFlush(ctx) // flushes any pending spans
	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)

	// Create a new client with tracing enabled.
	client, err := pubsub.NewClientWithConfig(ctx, projectID, &pubsub.ClientConfig{
		EnableOpenTelemetryTracing: true,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pubsub.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	sub := client.Subscription(subID)

	// Receive messages for 10 seconds, which simplifies testing.
	// Comment this out in production, since `Receive` should
	// be used as a long running operation.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	var received int32
	err = sub.Receive(ctx, func(_ context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Got message: %q\n", string(msg.Data))
		atomic.AddInt32(&received, 1)
		msg.Ack()
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("sub.Receive: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Received %d messages\n", received)

	return nil
}

C++

#include "google/cloud/opentelemetry/configure_basic_tracing.h"
#include "google/cloud/opentelemetry_options.h"
#include "google/cloud/pubsub/message.h"
#include "google/cloud/pubsub/publisher.h"
#include "google/cloud/pubsub/subscriber.h"
#include "google/cloud/pubsub/subscription.h"
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) try {
  if (argc != 4) {
    std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0]
              << " <project-id> <topic-id> <subscription-id>\n";
    return 1;
  }

  std::string const project_id = argv[1];
  std::string const topic_id = argv[2];
  std::string const subscription_id = argv[3];

  // Create a few namespace aliases to make the code easier to read.
  namespace gc = ::google::cloud;
  namespace otel = gc::otel;
  namespace pubsub = gc::pubsub;

  auto constexpr kWaitTimeout = std::chrono::seconds(30);

  auto project = gc::Project(project_id);
  auto configuration = otel::ConfigureBasicTracing(project);

  // Publish a message with tracing enabled.
  auto publisher = pubsub::Publisher(pubsub::MakePublisherConnection(
      pubsub::Topic(project_id, topic_id),
      gc::Options{}.set<gc::OpenTelemetryTracingOption>(true)));
  // Block until the message is actually sent and throw on error.
  auto id = publisher.Publish(pubsub::MessageBuilder().SetData("Hi!").Build())
                .get()
                .value();
  std::cout << "Sent message with id: (" << id << ")\n";

  // Receive a message using streaming pull with tracing enabled.
  auto subscriber = pubsub::Subscriber(pubsub::MakeSubscriberConnection(
      pubsub::Subscription(project_id, subscription_id),
      gc::Options{}.set<gc::OpenTelemetryTracingOption>(true)));

  auto session =
      subscriber.Subscribe([&](pubsub::Message const& m, pubsub::AckHandler h) {
        std::cout << "Received message " << m << "\n";
        std::move(h).ack();
      });

  std::cout << "Waiting for messages on " + subscription_id + "...\n";

  // Blocks until the timeout is reached.
  auto result = session.wait_for(kWaitTimeout);
  if (result == std::future_status::timeout) {
    std::cout << "timeout reached, ending session\n";
    session.cancel();
  }

  return 0;
} catch (google::cloud::Status const& status) {
  std::cerr << "google::cloud::Status thrown: " << status << "\n";
  return 1;
}

Python

from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import (
    BatchSpanProcessor,
)
from opentelemetry.exporter.cloud_trace import CloudTraceSpanExporter
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.sampling import TraceIdRatioBased, ParentBased

from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1 import SubscriberClient
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1.types import SubscriberOptions

# TODO(developer)
# subscription_project_id = "your-subscription-project-id"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# cloud_trace_project_id = "your-cloud-trace-project-id"
# timeout = 300.0

# In this sample, we use a Google Cloud Trace to export the OpenTelemetry
# traces: https://cloud.google.com/trace/docs/setup/python-ot
# Choose and configure the exporter for your set up accordingly.

sampler = ParentBased(root=TraceIdRatioBased(1))
trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider(sampler=sampler))

# Export to Google Trace
cloud_trace_exporter = CloudTraceSpanExporter(
    project_id=cloud_trace_project_id,
)
trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(
    BatchSpanProcessor(cloud_trace_exporter)
)
# Set the `enable_open_telemetry_tracing` option to True when creating
# the subscriber client. This in itself is necessary and sufficient for
# the library to export OpenTelemetry traces. However, where the traces
# must be exported to needs to be configured based on your OpenTelemetry
# set up. Refer: https://opentelemetry.io/docs/languages/python/exporters/
subscriber = SubscriberClient(
    subscriber_options=SubscriberOptions(enable_open_telemetry_tracing=True)
)

# The `subscription_path` method creates a fully qualified identifier
# in the form `projects/{project_id}/subscriptions/{subscription_id}`
subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(
    subscription_project_id, subscription_id
)

# Define callback to be called when a message is received.
def callback(message: pubsub_v1.subscriber.message.Message) -> None:
    # Ack message after processing it.
    print(message.data)
    message.ack()

# Wrap subscriber in a 'with' block to automatically call close() when done.
with subscriber:
    try:
        # Optimistically subscribe to messages on the subscription.
        streaming_pull_future = subscriber.subscribe(
            subscription_path, callback=callback
        )
        streaming_pull_future.result(timeout=timeout)
    except TimeoutError:
        print("Successfully subscribed until the timeout passed.")
        streaming_pull_future.cancel()  # Trigger the shutdown.
        streaming_pull_future.result()  # Block until the shutdown is complete.

TypeScript

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import {Message, PubSub} from '@google-cloud/pubsub';

// Imports the OpenTelemetry API
import {NodeTracerProvider} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node';
import {diag, DiagConsoleLogger, DiagLogLevel} from '@opentelemetry/api';
import {SimpleSpanProcessor} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base';

// To output to the console for testing, use the ConsoleSpanExporter.
// import {ConsoleSpanExporter} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base';

// To output to Cloud Trace, import the OpenTelemetry bridge library.
import {TraceExporter} from '@google-cloud/opentelemetry-cloud-trace-exporter';

import {Resource} from '@opentelemetry/resources';
import {SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME} from '@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions';

// Enable the diagnostic logger for OpenTelemetry
diag.setLogger(new DiagConsoleLogger(), DiagLogLevel.DEBUG);

// Log spans out to the console, for testing.
// const exporter = new ConsoleSpanExporter();

// Log spans out to Cloud Trace, for production.
const exporter = new TraceExporter();

// Build a tracer provider and a span processor to do
// something with the spans we're generating.
const provider = new NodeTracerProvider({
  resource: new Resource({
    [SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME]: 'otel subscriber example',
  }),
});
const processor = new SimpleSpanProcessor(exporter);
provider.addSpanProcessor(processor);
provider.register();

// Creates a client; cache this for further use.
const pubSubClient = new PubSub({enableOpenTelemetryTracing: true});

async function subscriptionListen(subscriptionNameOrId: string) {
  const subscriber = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Message handler for subscriber
  const messageHandler = async (message: Message) => {
    console.log(`Message ${message.id} received.`);
    message.ack();
  };

  // Error handler for subscriber
  const errorHandler = async (error: Error) => {
    console.log('Received error:', error);
  };

  // Listens for new messages from the topic
  subscriber.on('message', messageHandler);
  subscriber.on('error', errorHandler);

  // Ensures that all spans got flushed by the exporter. This function
  // is in service to making sure that any buffered Pub/Sub messages
  // and/or OpenTelemetry spans are properly flushed to the server
  // side. In normal usage, you'd only need to do something like this
  // on process shutdown.
  async function shutdown() {
    await subscriber.close();
    await processor.forceFlush();
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, OTEL_TIMEOUT * 1000));
  }

  // Wait a bit for the subscription to receive messages, then shut down
  // gracefully. This is for the sample only; normally you would not need
  // this delay.
  await new Promise<void>(r =>
    setTimeout(async () => {
      subscriber.removeAllListeners();
      await shutdown();
      r();
    }, SUBSCRIBER_TIMEOUT * 1000)
  );
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const subscriptionNameOrId = 'YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_OR_ID';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');

// Imports the OpenTelemetry API
const {NodeTracerProvider} = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node');
const {diag, DiagConsoleLogger, DiagLogLevel} = require('@opentelemetry/api');
const {SimpleSpanProcessor} = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base');

// To output to the console for testing, use the ConsoleSpanExporter.
// import {ConsoleSpanExporter} from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base';

// To output to Cloud Trace, import the OpenTelemetry bridge library.
const {
  TraceExporter,
} = require('@google-cloud/opentelemetry-cloud-trace-exporter');

const {Resource} = require('@opentelemetry/resources');
const {
  SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME,
} = require('@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions');

// Enable the diagnostic logger for OpenTelemetry
diag.setLogger(new DiagConsoleLogger(), DiagLogLevel.DEBUG);

// Log spans out to the console, for testing.
// const exporter = new ConsoleSpanExporter();

// Log spans out to Cloud Trace, for production.
const exporter = new TraceExporter();

// Build a tracer provider and a span processor to do
// something with the spans we're generating.
const provider = new NodeTracerProvider({
  resource: new Resource({
    [SEMRESATTRS_SERVICE_NAME]: 'otel subscriber example',
  }),
});
const processor = new SimpleSpanProcessor(exporter);
provider.addSpanProcessor(processor);
provider.register();

// Creates a client; cache this for further use.
const pubSubClient = new PubSub({enableOpenTelemetryTracing: true});

async function subscriptionListen(subscriptionNameOrId) {
  const subscriber = pubSubClient.subscription(subscriptionNameOrId);

  // Message handler for subscriber
  const messageHandler = async message => {
    console.log(`Message ${message.id} received.`);
    message.ack();
  };

  // Error handler for subscriber
  const errorHandler = async error => {
    console.log('Received error:', error);
  };

  // Listens for new messages from the topic
  subscriber.on('message', messageHandler);
  subscriber.on('error', errorHandler);

  // Ensures that all spans got flushed by the exporter. This function
  // is in service to making sure that any buffered Pub/Sub messages
  // and/or OpenTelemetry spans are properly flushed to the server
  // side. In normal usage, you'd only need to do something like this
  // on process shutdown.
  async function shutdown() {
    await subscriber.close();
    await processor.forceFlush();
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, OTEL_TIMEOUT * 1000));
  }

  // Wait a bit for the subscription to receive messages, then shut down
  // gracefully. This is for the sample only; normally you would not need
  // this delay.
  await new Promise(r =>
    setTimeout(async () => {
      subscriber.removeAllListeners();
      await shutdown();
      r();
    }, SUBSCRIBER_TIMEOUT * 1000)
  );
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.opentelemetry.trace.TraceConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.opentelemetry.trace.TraceExporter;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.OpenTelemetrySdk;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SdkTracerProvider;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SimpleSpanProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.samplers.Sampler;
import io.opentelemetry.semconv.ResourceAttributes;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class OpenTelemetrySubscriberExample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";

    openTelemetrySubscriberExample(projectId, subscriptionId);
  }

  public static void openTelemetrySubscriberExample(String projectId, String subscriptionId) {
    Resource resource =
        Resource.getDefault()
            .toBuilder()
            .put(ResourceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME, "subscriber-example")
            .build();

    // Creates a Cloud Trace exporter.
    SpanExporter traceExporter =
        TraceExporter.createWithConfiguration(
            TraceConfiguration.builder().setProjectId(projectId).build());

    SdkTracerProvider sdkTracerProvider =
        SdkTracerProvider.builder()
            .setResource(resource)
            .addSpanProcessor(SimpleSpanProcessor.create(traceExporter))
            .setSampler(Sampler.alwaysOn())
            .build();

    OpenTelemetry openTelemetry =
        OpenTelemetrySdk.builder().setTracerProvider(sdkTracerProvider).buildAndRegisterGlobal();

    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName =
        ProjectSubscriptionName.of(projectId, subscriptionId);

    // Instantiate an asynchronous message receiver.
    MessageReceiver receiver =
        (PubsubMessage message, AckReplyConsumer consumer) -> {
          // Handle incoming message, then ack the received message.
          System.out.println("Id: " + message.getMessageId());
          System.out.println("Data: " + message.getData().toStringUtf8());
          consumer.ack();
        };

    Subscriber subscriber = null;
    try {
      subscriber =
          Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, receiver)
              .setOpenTelemetry(openTelemetry)
              .setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(true)
              .build();

      // Start the subscriber.
      subscriber.startAsync().awaitRunning();
      System.out.printf("Listening for messages on %s:\n", subscriptionName.toString());
      // Allow the subscriber to run for 30s unless an unrecoverable error occurs.
      subscriber.awaitTerminated(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException timeoutException) {
      // Shut down the subscriber after 30s. Stop receiving messages.
      subscriber.stopAsync();
    }
  }
}

Menganalisis rekaman aktivitas

Bagian berikut berisi informasi mendetail tentang cara melacak dan menganalisis rekaman aktivitas di konsol Google Cloud.

Pertimbangan

• Saat memublikasikan batch pesan, span RPC publikasi akan direkam dalam pelacakan terpisah.
• RPC publikasi memiliki beberapa span origin, karena beberapa panggilan create dapat menghasilkan RPC publikasi saat digabungkan.

• Span di OpenTelemetry dapat memiliki nol atau satu span induk.

  Span yang mewakili operasi batch, seperti batch publikasi, (yang secara logis harus memiliki beberapa induk) tidak dapat direpresentasikan menggunakan nol atau satu span induk.

Melacak span yang dibuat selama siklus proses pesan

Gambar berikut menunjukkan contoh span yang dibuat dalam satu rekaman aktivitas untuk satu pesan.

Setiap span dapat memiliki atribut tambahan yang memberikan informasi tambahan, seperti ukuran byte pesan dan informasi kunci pengurutan.

Atribut span menyampaikan metadata tambahan seperti kunci pengurutan pesan, ID pesan, dan ukuran pesan.

Rentang publikasi dan langganan utama dilengkapi dengan peristiwa rentang yang sesuai dengan waktu panggilan jaringan dikeluarkan dan diselesaikan.

Memecahkan masalah umum

Masalah berikut dapat menyebabkan masalah pelacakan:

• Akun layanan yang Anda gunakan untuk mengekspor rekaman aktivitas tidak memiliki peran roles/cloudtrace.agent yang diperlukan.
• Kuota jumlah maksimum span yang diserap di Cloud Trace telah tercapai.
• Aplikasi Anda dihentikan tanpa memanggil fungsi flush yang sesuai.

Langkah selanjutnya

• Praktik terbaik untuk langganan
• Praktik terbaik untuk publikasi