Class CharEscapers (1.45.0) 

public final class CharEscapers

Utility functions for encoding and decoding URIs.

Inheritance

java.lang.Object > CharEscapers

Static Methods

decodeUri(String uri)

public static String decodeUri(String uri)

Decodes application/x-www-form-urlencoded strings. The UTF-8 character set determines what characters are represented by any consecutive sequences of the form "%XX".

This replaces each occurrence of '+' with a space, ' '. This method should not be used for non-application/x-www-form-urlencoded strings such as host and path.

Parameter
Name Description
uri String

a percent-encoded US-ASCII string
Returns
Type Description
String

a string without any percent escapes or plus signs

decodeUriPath(String path)

public static String decodeUriPath(String path)

Decodes the path component of a URI. This does not convert + into spaces (the behavior of java.net.URLDecoder#decode(String, String)). This method transforms URI encoded values into their decoded symbols.

e.g. decodePath("%3Co%3E") returns "

Parameter
Name Description
path String

the value to be decoded
Returns
Type Description
String

decoded version of path

escapeUri(String value)

public static String escapeUri(String value)

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in application/x-www-form-urlencoded data. This is not appropriate for generic URI escaping. In particular it encodes the space character as a plus sign instead of percent escaping it, in contravention of the URI specification. For details on application/x-www-form-urlencoded encoding see the see HTML 4 specification, section 17.13.4.1.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

  • The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
  • The special characters ".", "-", "*", and "_" remain the same.
  • The space character " " is converted into a plus sign "+".
  • All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

This escaper has identical behavior to (but is potentially much faster than):

  • java.net.URLEncoder#encode(String, String) with the encoding name "UTF-8"
Parameter
Name Description
value String
Returns
Type Description
String

escapeUriConformant(String value)

public static String escapeUriConformant(String value)

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in any part of a URI. For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

  • The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
  • The special characters ".", "-", "*", and "_" remain the same.
  • The space character " " is converted into "%20".
  • All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

Parameter
Name Description
value String
Returns
Type Description
String

escapeUriPath(String value)

public static String escapeUriPath(String value)

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in URI path segments. For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

  • The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
  • The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
  • The general delimiters "@" and ":" remain the same.
  • The subdelimiters "!", "$", "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", ",", ";", and "=" remain the same.
  • The space character " " is converted into %20.
  • All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

Parameter
Name Description
value String
Returns
Type Description
String

escapeUriPathWithoutReserved(String value)

public static String escapeUriPathWithoutReserved(String value)

Escapes a URI path but retains all reserved characters, including all general delimiters. That is the same as #escapeUriPath(String) except that it does not escape '?', '+', and '/'.

Parameter
Name Description
value String
Returns
Type Description
String

escapeUriQuery(String value)

public static String escapeUriQuery(String value)

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in URI query string segments. When the query string consists of a sequence of name=value pairs separated by &, the names and values should be individually encoded. If you escape an entire query string in one pass with this escaper, then the "=" and "&" characters used as separators will also be escaped.

This escaper is also suitable for escaping fragment identifiers.

For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

  • The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
  • The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
  • The general delimiters "@" and ":" remain the same.
  • The path delimiters "/" and "?" remain the same.
  • The subdelimiters "!", "$", "'", "(", ")", "*", ",", and ";", remain the same.
  • The space character " " is converted into %20.
  • The equals sign "=" is converted into %3D.
  • The ampersand "&" is converted into %26.
  • All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

Parameter
Name Description
value String
Returns
Type Description
String

escapeUriUserInfo(String value)

public static String escapeUriUserInfo(String value)

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in URI user info part. For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

  • The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
  • The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
  • The general delimiter ":" remains the same.
  • The subdelimiters "!", "$", "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", ",", ";", and "=" remain the same.
  • The space character " " is converted into %20.
  • All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

Parameter
Name Description
value String
Returns
Type Description
String