Class AccessTuple.Builder (1.33.0)

Version 1.33.0

• 1.54.0 (latest)
• 1.53.0
• 1.52.0
• 1.51.0
• 1.50.0
• 1.48.0
• 1.47.0
• 1.46.0
• 1.45.0
• 1.44.0
• 1.43.0
• 1.42.0
• 1.41.0
• 1.40.0
• 1.39.0
• 1.38.0
• 1.36.0
• 1.35.0
• 1.34.0
• 1.33.0
• 1.32.0
• 1.31.0
• 1.30.0
• 1.29.0
• 1.28.0
• 1.27.0
• 1.26.0
• 1.23.0
• 1.22.0
• 1.21.0
• 1.20.0
• 1.19.0
• 1.18.0
• 1.17.0
• 1.16.0
• 1.15.0
• 1.14.0
• 1.13.0
• 1.12.0
• 1.11.0
• 1.10.0
• 1.8.0
• 1.7.0
• 1.6.0
• 1.5.0
• 1.4.0
• 1.3.0
• 1.2.6
• 1.1.0
• 1.0.4
• 0.4.4

public static final class AccessTuple.Builder extends GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<AccessTuple.Builder> implements AccessTupleOrBuilder

Information about the principal, resource, and permission to check.

Protobuf type google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.AccessTuple

Inheritance

Object > AbstractMessageLite.Builder<MessageType,BuilderType> > AbstractMessage.Builder<BuilderType> > GeneratedMessageV3.Builder > AccessTuple.Builder

Implements

AccessTupleOrBuilder

Inherited Members

AbstractMessage.Builder.findInitializationErrors()

AbstractMessage.Builder.getInitializationErrorString()

AbstractMessage.Builder.internalMergeFrom(AbstractMessageLite)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(byte[])

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(byte[],ExtensionRegistryLite)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(byte[],int,int)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(byte[],int,int,ExtensionRegistryLite)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(ByteString)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(ByteString,ExtensionRegistryLite)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(CodedInputStream,ExtensionRegistryLite)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(Message)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(InputStream)

AbstractMessage.Builder.mergeFrom(InputStream,ExtensionRegistryLite)

AbstractMessage.Builder.newUninitializedMessageException(Message)

AbstractMessage.Builder.toString()

AbstractMessageLite.Builder.<T>addAll(Iterable<T>,Collection<? super T>)

AbstractMessageLite.Builder.<T>addAll(Iterable<T>,List<? super T>)

AbstractMessageLite.Builder.internalMergeFrom(MessageType)

AbstractMessageLite.Builder.mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream)

AbstractMessageLite.Builder.mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream,ExtensionRegistryLite)

AbstractMessageLite.Builder.mergeFrom(MessageLite)

AbstractMessageLite.Builder.newUninitializedMessageException(MessageLite)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,Object)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.clear()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.clone()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getAllFields()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getDescriptorForType()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getFieldBuilder(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getParentForChildren()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,int)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,int)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)

com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getUnknownFieldSetBuilder()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.getUnknownFields()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.hasOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.internalGetFieldAccessorTable()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.internalGetMapField(int)

com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.internalGetMapFieldReflection(int)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.internalGetMutableMapField(int)

com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.internalGetMutableMapFieldReflection(int)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.isClean()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.isInitialized()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.markClean()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet)

com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.mergeUnknownLengthDelimitedField(int,com.google.protobuf.ByteString)

com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.mergeUnknownVarintField(int,int)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.newBuilderForField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.onBuilt()

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.onChanged()

com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.parseUnknownField(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream,com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite,int)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,Object)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,int,Object)

com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.setUnknownFieldSetBuilder(com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet)

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder.setUnknownFieldsProto3(UnknownFieldSet)

Object.equals(Object)

Object.finalize()

Object.getClass()

Object.hashCode()

Object.notify()

Object.notifyAll()

Object.wait()

Object.wait(long)

Object.wait(long,int)

Static Methods

getDescriptor()

public static final Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor()

Returns
Type	Description
Descriptor

Methods

addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)

public AccessTuple.Builder addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)

Parameters
Name	Description
field	FieldDescriptor
value	Object

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)

build()

public AccessTuple build()

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple

buildPartial()

public AccessTuple buildPartial()

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple

clear()

public AccessTuple.Builder clear()

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.clear()

clearConditionContext()

public AccessTuple.Builder clearConditionContext()

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field)

public AccessTuple.Builder clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field)

Parameter
Name	Description
field	FieldDescriptor

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field)

clearFullResourceName()

public AccessTuple.Builder clearFullResourceName()

Required. The full resource name that identifies the resource. For example, //compute.googleapis.com/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-instance.

For examples of full resource names for Google Cloud services, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/troubleshooter/full-resource-names.

string full_resource_name = 2 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof)

public AccessTuple.Builder clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof)

Parameter
Name	Description
oneof	OneofDescriptor

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof)

clearPermission()

public AccessTuple.Builder clearPermission()

Required. The IAM permission to check for, either in the v1 permission format or the v2 permission format.

For a complete list of IAM permissions in the v1 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/permissions/reference.

For a list of IAM permissions in the v2 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/deny/supported-permissions.

For a complete list of predefined IAM roles and the permissions in each role, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/roles/reference.

string permission = 3 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

clearPermissionFqdn()

public AccessTuple.Builder clearPermissionFqdn()

Output only. The permission that Policy Troubleshooter checked for, in the v2 format.

string permission_fqdn = 4 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OUTPUT_ONLY];

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

clearPrincipal()

public AccessTuple.Builder clearPrincipal()

Required. The email address of the principal whose access you want to check. For example, [e-mail] or [e-mail].

The principal must be a Google Account or a service account. Other types of principals are not supported.

string principal = 1 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

clone()

public AccessTuple.Builder clone()

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.clone()

getConditionContext()

public ConditionContext getConditionContext()

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Returns
Type	Description
ConditionContext	The conditionContext.

getConditionContextBuilder()

public ConditionContext.Builder getConditionContextBuilder()

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Returns
Type	Description
ConditionContext.Builder

getConditionContextOrBuilder()

public ConditionContextOrBuilder getConditionContextOrBuilder()

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Returns
Type	Description
ConditionContextOrBuilder

getDefaultInstanceForType()

public AccessTuple getDefaultInstanceForType()

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple

getDescriptorForType()

public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType()

Returns
Type	Description
Descriptor

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.getDescriptorForType()

getFullResourceName()

public String getFullResourceName()

Required. The full resource name that identifies the resource. For example, //compute.googleapis.com/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-instance.

For examples of full resource names for Google Cloud services, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/troubleshooter/full-resource-names.

string full_resource_name = 2 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
String	The fullResourceName.

getFullResourceNameBytes()

public ByteString getFullResourceNameBytes()

Required. The full resource name that identifies the resource. For example, //compute.googleapis.com/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-instance.

For examples of full resource names for Google Cloud services, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/troubleshooter/full-resource-names.

string full_resource_name = 2 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
ByteString	The bytes for fullResourceName.

getPermission()

public String getPermission()

Required. The IAM permission to check for, either in the v1 permission format or the v2 permission format.

For a complete list of IAM permissions in the v1 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/permissions/reference.

For a list of IAM permissions in the v2 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/deny/supported-permissions.

For a complete list of predefined IAM roles and the permissions in each role, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/roles/reference.

string permission = 3 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
String	The permission.

getPermissionBytes()

public ByteString getPermissionBytes()

Required. The IAM permission to check for, either in the v1 permission format or the v2 permission format.

For a complete list of IAM permissions in the v1 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/permissions/reference.

For a list of IAM permissions in the v2 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/deny/supported-permissions.

For a complete list of predefined IAM roles and the permissions in each role, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/roles/reference.

string permission = 3 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
ByteString	The bytes for permission.

getPermissionFqdn()

public String getPermissionFqdn()

Output only. The permission that Policy Troubleshooter checked for, in the v2 format.

string permission_fqdn = 4 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OUTPUT_ONLY];

Returns
Type	Description
String	The permissionFqdn.

getPermissionFqdnBytes()

public ByteString getPermissionFqdnBytes()

Output only. The permission that Policy Troubleshooter checked for, in the v2 format.

string permission_fqdn = 4 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OUTPUT_ONLY];

Returns
Type	Description
ByteString	The bytes for permissionFqdn.

getPrincipal()

public String getPrincipal()

Required. The email address of the principal whose access you want to check. For example, [e-mail] or [e-mail].

The principal must be a Google Account or a service account. Other types of principals are not supported.

string principal = 1 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
String	The principal.

getPrincipalBytes()

public ByteString getPrincipalBytes()

Required. The email address of the principal whose access you want to check. For example, [e-mail] or [e-mail].

The principal must be a Google Account or a service account. Other types of principals are not supported.

string principal = 1 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Returns
Type	Description
ByteString	The bytes for principal.

hasConditionContext()

public boolean hasConditionContext()

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Returns
Type	Description
boolean	Whether the conditionContext field is set.

internalGetFieldAccessorTable()

protected GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable()

Returns
Type	Description
FieldAccessorTable

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.internalGetFieldAccessorTable()

isInitialized()

public final boolean isInitialized()

Returns
Type	Description
boolean

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.isInitialized()

mergeConditionContext(ConditionContext value)

public AccessTuple.Builder mergeConditionContext(ConditionContext value)

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	ConditionContext

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

mergeFrom(AccessTuple other)

public AccessTuple.Builder mergeFrom(AccessTuple other)

Parameter
Name	Description
other	AccessTuple

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)

public AccessTuple.Builder mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)

Parameters
Name	Description
input	CodedInputStream
extensionRegistry	ExtensionRegistryLite

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

AbstractMessage.Builder<BuilderType>.mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)

Exceptions
Type	Description
IOException

mergeFrom(Message other)

public AccessTuple.Builder mergeFrom(Message other)

Parameter
Name	Description
other	Message

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

AbstractMessage.Builder<BuilderType>.mergeFrom(Message other)

mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)

public final AccessTuple.Builder mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)

Parameter
Name	Description
unknownFields	UnknownFieldSet

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)

setConditionContext(ConditionContext value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setConditionContext(ConditionContext value)

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	ConditionContext

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

setConditionContext(ConditionContext.Builder builderForValue)

public AccessTuple.Builder setConditionContext(ConditionContext.Builder builderForValue)

Optional. Additional context for the request, such as the request time or IP address. This context allows Policy Troubleshooter to troubleshoot conditional role bindings and deny rules.

.google.cloud.policytroubleshooter.iam.v3.ConditionContext condition_context = 5 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OPTIONAL];

Parameter
Name	Description
builderForValue	ConditionContext.Builder

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)

Parameters
Name	Description
field	FieldDescriptor
value	Object

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)

setFullResourceName(String value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setFullResourceName(String value)

Required. The full resource name that identifies the resource. For example, //compute.googleapis.com/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-instance.

For examples of full resource names for Google Cloud services, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/troubleshooter/full-resource-names.

string full_resource_name = 2 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	String The fullResourceName to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setFullResourceNameBytes(ByteString value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setFullResourceNameBytes(ByteString value)

Required. The full resource name that identifies the resource. For example, //compute.googleapis.com/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-instance.

For examples of full resource names for Google Cloud services, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/troubleshooter/full-resource-names.

string full_resource_name = 2 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	ByteString The bytes for fullResourceName to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setPermission(String value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setPermission(String value)

Required. The IAM permission to check for, either in the v1 permission format or the v2 permission format.

For a complete list of IAM permissions in the v1 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/permissions/reference.

For a list of IAM permissions in the v2 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/deny/supported-permissions.

For a complete list of predefined IAM roles and the permissions in each role, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/roles/reference.

string permission = 3 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	String The permission to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setPermissionBytes(ByteString value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setPermissionBytes(ByteString value)

Required. The IAM permission to check for, either in the v1 permission format or the v2 permission format.

For a complete list of IAM permissions in the v1 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/permissions/reference.

For a list of IAM permissions in the v2 format, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/deny/supported-permissions.

For a complete list of predefined IAM roles and the permissions in each role, see https://cloud.google.com/iam/help/roles/reference.

string permission = 3 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	ByteString The bytes for permission to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setPermissionFqdn(String value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setPermissionFqdn(String value)

Output only. The permission that Policy Troubleshooter checked for, in the v2 format.

string permission_fqdn = 4 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OUTPUT_ONLY];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	String The permissionFqdn to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setPermissionFqdnBytes(ByteString value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setPermissionFqdnBytes(ByteString value)

Output only. The permission that Policy Troubleshooter checked for, in the v2 format.

string permission_fqdn = 4 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = OUTPUT_ONLY];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	ByteString The bytes for permissionFqdn to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setPrincipal(String value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setPrincipal(String value)

Required. The email address of the principal whose access you want to check. For example, [e-mail] or [e-mail].

The principal must be a Google Account or a service account. Other types of principals are not supported.

string principal = 1 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	String The principal to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setPrincipalBytes(ByteString value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setPrincipalBytes(ByteString value)

Required. The email address of the principal whose access you want to check. For example, [e-mail] or [e-mail].

The principal must be a Google Account or a service account. Other types of principals are not supported.

string principal = 1 [(.google.api.field_behavior) = REQUIRED];

Parameter
Name	Description
value	ByteString The bytes for principal to set.

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder	This builder for chaining.

setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value)

public AccessTuple.Builder setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value)

Parameters
Name	Description
field	FieldDescriptor
index	int
value	Object

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value)

setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)

public final AccessTuple.Builder setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)

Parameter
Name	Description
unknownFields	UnknownFieldSet

Returns
Type	Description
AccessTuple.Builder

Overrides

GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<BuilderType>.setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)