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为用户配置自定义声明

本文档介绍如何使用 Identity Platform 为用户配置自定义声明。在身份验证期间，自定义声明会被插入用户令牌。您的应用可以使用这些声明来处理复杂的授权场景，例如根据用户角色限制用户对资源的访问权限。

设置自定义声明

为保障安全，请在服务器上使用 Admin SDK 设置自定义声明：

  1. 如果您尚未安装 Admin SDK，请先安装。

  2. 设置您要使用的自定义声明。以下示例对用户设置了自定义声明，以描述他们是管理员：

    Node.js

    // Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.

getAuth()
  .setCustomUserClaims(uid, { admin: true })
  .then(() => {
    // The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the
    // next time a new one is issued.
  });
    custom_claims.js

    Java

    // Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
claims.put("admin", true);
FirebaseAuth.getInstance().setCustomUserClaims(uid, claims);
// The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the
// next time a new one is issued.
    FirebaseAuthSnippets.java

    Python

    # Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.
auth.set_custom_user_claims(uid, {'admin': True})
# The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the
# next time a new one is issued.
    index.py

    Go

    // Get an auth client from the firebase.App
client, err := app.Auth(ctx)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error getting Auth client: %v\n", err)
}

// Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.
claims := map[string]interface{}{"admin": true}
err = client.SetCustomUserClaims(ctx, uid, claims)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("error setting custom claims %v\n", err)
}
// The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the
// next time a new one is issued.
    auth.go

    C#

    // Set admin privileges on the user corresponding to uid.
var claims = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "admin", true },
};
await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.SetCustomUserClaimsAsync(uid, claims);
// The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the
// next time a new one is issued.
    FirebaseAuthSnippets.cs

  3. 在下一次自定义声明被发送到您的服务器时，验证该声明：

    Node.js

    // Verify the ID token first.
getAuth()
  .verifyIdToken(idToken)
  .then((claims) => {
    if (claims.admin === true) {
      // Allow access to requested admin resource.
    }
  });
    custom_claims.js

    Java

    // Verify the ID token first.
FirebaseToken decoded = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().verifyIdToken(idToken);
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(decoded.getClaims().get("admin"))) {
  // Allow access to requested admin resource.
}
    FirebaseAuthSnippets.java

    Python

    # Verify the ID token first.
claims = auth.verify_id_token(id_token)
if claims['admin'] is True:
    # Allow access to requested admin resource.
    pass
    index.py

    Go

    // Verify the ID token first.
token, err := client.VerifyIDToken(ctx, idToken)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}

claims := token.Claims
if admin, ok := claims["admin"]; ok {
	if admin.(bool) {
		//Allow access to requested admin resource.
	}
}
    auth.go

    C#

    // Verify the ID token first.
FirebaseToken decoded = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.VerifyIdTokenAsync(idToken);
object isAdmin;
if (decoded.Claims.TryGetValue("admin", out isAdmin))
{
    if ((bool)isAdmin)
    {
        // Allow access to requested admin resource.
    }
}

    FirebaseAuthSnippets.cs

  4. 确定要向用户显示哪些自定义声明：

    Node.js

    // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.
getAuth()
  .getUser(uid)
  .then((userRecord) => {
    // The claims can be accessed on the user record.
    console.log(userRecord.customClaims['admin']);
  });
    custom_claims.js

    Java

    // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.
UserRecord user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUser(uid);
System.out.println(user.getCustomClaims().get("admin"));
    FirebaseAuthSnippets.java

    Python

    # Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.
user = auth.get_user(uid)
# The claims can be accessed on the user record.
print(user.custom_claims.get('admin'))
    index.py

    Go

    // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.
user, err := client.GetUser(ctx, uid)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatal(err)
}
// The claims can be accessed on the user record.
if admin, ok := user.CustomClaims["admin"]; ok {
	if admin.(bool) {
		log.Println(admin)
	}
}
    auth.go

    C#

    // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.
UserRecord user = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.GetUserAsync(uid);
Console.WriteLine(user.CustomClaims["admin"]);
    FirebaseAuthSnippets.cs

设置自定义声明时，请注意以下几点：

  • 自定义声明不得超过 1000 字节。尝试传递大于 1000 字节的声明会导致错误。
  • 令牌颁发后，自定义声明会被插入用户 JWT 中。在令牌刷新之前，新声明不可用。您可以通过调用 user.getIdToken(true) 静默刷新令牌。
  • 为保持连续性和安全性，请仅在安全服务器环境中设置自定义声明。

后续步骤