ImageMagick 教程(第 2 代)


本教程演示了如何使用 Cloud Functions 函数、Google Cloud Vision APIImageMagick 检测上传到 Cloud Storage 存储桶的令人反感的图片并对其进行模糊处理。

目标

  • 部署存储触发的 CloudEvent 函数。
  • 使用 Cloud Vision API 检测暴力或成人内容。
  • 使用 ImageMagick 对令人反感的图片进行模糊处理。
  • 上传一张肉食僵尸的图片来测试函数。

费用

在本文档中,您将使用 Google Cloud 的以下收费组件:

  • Cloud Functions
  • Cloud Storage
  • Cloud Vision
  • Cloud Build
  • Pub/Sub
  • Artifact Registry
  • Eventarc
  • Cloud Logging

如需了解详情,请参阅 Cloud Functions 价格

您可使用价格计算器根据您的预计使用情况来估算费用。 Google Cloud 新用户可能有资格申请免费试用

准备工作

  1. 登录您的 Google Cloud 账号。如果您是 Google Cloud 新手,请创建一个账号来评估我们的产品在实际场景中的表现。新客户还可获享 $300 赠金,用于运行、测试和部署工作负载。
  2. 在 Google Cloud Console 中的项目选择器页面上,选择或创建一个 Google Cloud 项目

    转到“项目选择器”

  3. 确保您的 Google Cloud 项目已启用结算功能

  4. 启用 Cloud Functions, Cloud Build, Artifact Registry, Eventarc, Cloud Storage, Cloud Vision, Logging, and Pub/Sub API。

    启用 API

  5. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。
  6. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI,请运行以下命令:

    gcloud init
  7. 在 Google Cloud Console 中的项目选择器页面上,选择或创建一个 Google Cloud 项目

    转到“项目选择器”

  8. 确保您的 Google Cloud 项目已启用结算功能

  9. 启用 Cloud Functions, Cloud Build, Artifact Registry, Eventarc, Cloud Storage, Cloud Vision, Logging, and Pub/Sub API。

    启用 API

  10. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。
  11. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI,请运行以下命令:

    gcloud init
  12. 如果您已经安装 gcloud CLI,请运行以下命令进行更新:

    gcloud components update
  13. 准备开发环境。

直观呈现数据流

ImageMagick 教程应用中的数据流涉及以下几个步骤:

  1. 将图片上传到 Cloud Storage 存储桶。
  2. Cloud Functions 函数使用 Cloud Vision API 分析图片。
  3. 如果检测到暴力或成人内容,Cloud Functions 函数会使用 ImageMagick 对图片进行模糊处理。
  4. 经过模糊处理的图片会上传到其他 Cloud Storage 存储桶以供使用。

准备应用

  1. 创建一个区域级 Cloud Storage 存储桶以上传图片,其中 YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME 是全局唯一的存储桶名称,REGION 是您计划在其中部署函数的区域:

    gsutil mb -l REGION gs://YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME
    
  2. 创建一个区域级 Cloud Storage 存储桶以接收经过模糊处理的图片,其中 YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME 是全局唯一的存储桶名称,REGION 是您计划在其中部署函数的区域:

    gsutil mb -l REGION gs://YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME
    
  3. 将示例应用代码库克隆到本地机器:

    Node.js

    git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/nodejs-docs-samples.git

    或者,您也可以下载该示例的 zip 文件并将其解压缩。

    Python

    git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples.git

    或者,您也可以下载该示例的 zip 文件并将其解压缩。

    Go

    git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/golang-samples.git

    或者,您也可以下载该示例的 zip 文件并将其解压缩。

    Java

    git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/java-docs-samples.git

    或者,您也可以下载该示例的 zip 文件并将其解压缩。

  4. 切换到包含 Cloud Functions 函数示例代码的目录:

    Node.js

    cd nodejs-docs-samples/functions/v2/imagemagick/

    Python

    cd python-docs-samples/functions/v2/imagemagick/

    Go

    cd golang-samples/functions/functionsv2/imagemagick/

    Java

    cd java-docs-samples/functions/v2/imagemagick/

了解代码

ImageMagick 示例包含依赖项和两个不同的函数。第一个函数分析图片,如果图片包含暴力或成人内容,第二个函数会对图片进行模糊处理。

导入依赖项

应用必须导入多个依赖项才能与 Google Cloud 服务、ImageMagick 和文件系统进行交互:

对于大多数运行时,ImageMagick 及其命令行工具 convert 默认包含在 Cloud Functions 执行环境中。对于 PHP,您可能需要进行一些手动配置。请注意,Cloud Functions 不支持安装自定义系统级软件包。

Node.js

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');
const gm = require('gm').subClass({imageMagick: true});
const fs = require('fs').promises;
const path = require('path');
const vision = require('@google-cloud/vision');

const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');
const storage = new Storage();
const client = new vision.ImageAnnotatorClient();

const {BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME} = process.env;

Python

import os
import tempfile

import functions_framework
from google.cloud import storage, vision
from wand.image import Image

storage_client = storage.Client()
vision_client = vision.ImageAnnotatorClient()

Go


// Package imagemagick contains an example of using ImageMagick to process a
// file uploaded to Cloud Storage.
package imagemagick

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"os/exec"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
	vision "cloud.google.com/go/vision/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/vision/v2/apiv1/visionpb"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go/functions"
	cloudevents "github.com/cloudevents/sdk-go/v2"
	"github.com/googleapis/google-cloudevents-go/cloud/storagedata"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
)

// Global API clients used across function invocations.
var (
	storageClient *storage.Client
	visionClient  *vision.ImageAnnotatorClient
)

func init() {
	// Declare a separate err variable to avoid shadowing the client variables.
	var err error

	bgctx := context.Background()
	storageClient, err = storage.NewClient(bgctx)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("storage.NewClient: %v", err)
	}

	visionClient, err = vision.NewImageAnnotatorClient(bgctx)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("vision.NewAnnotatorClient: %v", err)
	}
	functions.CloudEvent("blur-offensive-images", blurOffensiveImages)
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.functions.CloudEventsFunction;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Blob;
import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobId;
import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobInfo;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.AnnotateImageRequest;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.AnnotateImageResponse;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.BatchAnnotateImagesResponse;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.Feature;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.Feature.Type;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.ImageAnnotatorClient;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.ImageSource;
import com.google.cloud.vision.v1.SafeSearchAnnotation;
import com.google.events.cloud.storage.v1.StorageObjectData;
import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat;
import io.cloudevents.CloudEvent;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class ImageMagick implements CloudEventsFunction {

  private static Storage storage = StorageOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService();
  private static final String BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME = System.getenv("BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME");
  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ImageMagick.class.getName());
}

分析图片

当图片上传到您为图片输入创建的 Cloud Storage 存储桶时,系统会调用以下函数。该函数使用 Cloud Vision API 检测上传的图片中的暴力或成人内容。

Node.js

// Blurs uploaded images that are flagged as Adult or Violence.
functions.cloudEvent('blurOffensiveImages', async cloudEvent => {
  // This event represents the triggering Cloud Storage object.
  const bucket = cloudEvent.data.bucket;
  const name = cloudEvent.data.name;
  const file = storage.bucket(bucket).file(name);
  const filePath = `gs://${bucket}/${name}`;

  console.log(`Analyzing ${file.name}.`);

  try {
    const [result] = await client.safeSearchDetection(filePath);
    const detections = result.safeSearchAnnotation || {};

    if (
      // Levels are defined in https://cloud.google.com/vision/docs/reference/rest/v1/AnnotateImageResponse#likelihood
      detections.adult === 'VERY_LIKELY' ||
      detections.violence === 'VERY_LIKELY'
    ) {
      console.log(`Detected ${file.name} as inappropriate.`);
      return await blurImage(file, BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME);
    } else {
      console.log(`Detected ${file.name} as OK.`);
    }
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(`Failed to analyze ${file.name}.`, err);
    throw err;
  }
});

Python

# Blurs uploaded images that are flagged as Adult or Violent imagery.
@functions_framework.cloud_event
def blur_offensive_images(cloud_event):
    file_data = cloud_event.data

    file_name = file_data["name"]
    bucket_name = file_data["bucket"]

    blob = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name).get_blob(file_name)
    blob_uri = f"gs://{bucket_name}/{file_name}"
    blob_source = vision.Image(source=vision.ImageSource(gcs_image_uri=blob_uri))

    # Ignore already-blurred files
    if file_name.startswith("blurred-"):
        print(f"The image {file_name} is already blurred.")
        return

    print(f"Analyzing {file_name}.")

    result = vision_client.safe_search_detection(image=blob_source)
    detected = result.safe_search_annotation

    # Process image
    # 5 maps to VERY_LIKELY
    if detected.adult == 5 or detected.violence == 5:
        print(f"The image {file_name} was detected as inappropriate.")
        return __blur_image(blob)
    else:
        print(f"The image {file_name} was detected as OK.")

Go


// blurOffensiveImages blurs offensive images uploaded to GCS.
func blurOffensiveImages(ctx context.Context, e cloudevents.Event) error {
	outputBucket := os.Getenv("BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME")
	if outputBucket == "" {
		return errors.New("environment variable BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME must be set")
	}

	var gcsEvent storagedata.StorageObjectData
	if err := protojson.Unmarshal(e.Data(), &gcsEvent); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("protojson.Unmarshal: failed to decode event data: %w", err)
	}
	img := vision.NewImageFromURI(fmt.Sprintf("gs://%s/%s", gcsEvent.GetBucket(), gcsEvent.GetName()))

	resp, err := visionClient.DetectSafeSearch(ctx, img, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("visionClient.DetectSafeSearch: %w", err)
	}

	if resp.GetAdult() == visionpb.Likelihood_VERY_LIKELY ||
		resp.GetViolence() == visionpb.Likelihood_VERY_LIKELY {
		return blur(ctx, gcsEvent.Bucket, outputBucket, gcsEvent.Name)
	}
	log.Printf("The image %q was detected as OK.", gcsEvent.Name)
	return nil
}

Java

@Override
// Blurs uploaded images that are flagged as Adult or Violence.
public void accept(CloudEvent event) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
  // Extract the GCS Event data from the CloudEvent's data payload.
  StorageObjectData data = getEventData(event);
  // Validate parameters
  if (data == null) {
    logger.severe("Error: Malformed GCS event.");
    return;
  }

  BlobInfo blobInfo = BlobInfo.newBuilder(data.getBucket(), data.getName()).build();

  // Construct URI to GCS bucket and file.
  String gcsPath = String.format("gs://%s/%s", data.getBucket(), data.getName());
  logger.info(String.format("Analyzing %s", data.getName()));

  // Construct request.
  ImageSource imgSource = ImageSource.newBuilder().setImageUri(gcsPath).build();
  Image img = Image.newBuilder().setSource(imgSource).build();
  Feature feature = Feature.newBuilder().setType(Type.SAFE_SEARCH_DETECTION).build();
  AnnotateImageRequest request = AnnotateImageRequest
      .newBuilder()
      .addFeatures(feature)
      .setImage(img)
      .build();
  List<AnnotateImageRequest> requests = List.of(request);

  // Send request to the Vision API.
  try (ImageAnnotatorClient client = ImageAnnotatorClient.create()) {
    BatchAnnotateImagesResponse response = client.batchAnnotateImages(requests);
    List<AnnotateImageResponse> responses = response.getResponsesList();
    for (AnnotateImageResponse res : responses) {
      if (res.hasError()) {
        logger.info(String.format("Error: %s", res.getError().getMessage()));
        return;
      }
      // Get Safe Search Annotations
      SafeSearchAnnotation annotation = res.getSafeSearchAnnotation();
      if (annotation.getAdultValue() == 5 || annotation.getViolenceValue() == 5) {
        logger.info(String.format("Detected %s as inappropriate.", data.getName()));
        blur(blobInfo);
      } else {
        logger.info(String.format("Detected %s as OK.", data.getName()));
      }
    }
  } catch (IOException e) {
    logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error with Vision API: " + e.getMessage(), e);
  }
}

对图片进行模糊处理

当在上传的图片中检测到暴力或成人内容时,系统将调用以下函数。该函数会下载令人反感的图片,使用 ImageMagick 对图片进行模糊处理,然后将经过模糊处理的图片上传到输出存储桶。

Node.js

// Blurs the given file using ImageMagick, and uploads it to another bucket.
const blurImage = async (file, blurredBucketName) => {
  const tempLocalPath = `/tmp/${path.parse(file.name).base}`;

  // Download file from bucket.
  try {
    await file.download({destination: tempLocalPath});

    console.log(`Downloaded ${file.name} to ${tempLocalPath}.`);
  } catch (err) {
    throw new Error(`File download failed: ${err}`);
  }

  await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    gm(tempLocalPath)
      .blur(0, 16)
      .write(tempLocalPath, (err, stdout) => {
        if (err) {
          console.error('Failed to blur image.', err);
          reject(err);
        } else {
          console.log(`Blurred image: ${file.name}`);
          resolve(stdout);
        }
      });
  });

  // Upload result to a different bucket, to avoid re-triggering this function.
  const blurredBucket = storage.bucket(blurredBucketName);

  // Upload the Blurred image back into the bucket.
  const gcsPath = `gs://${blurredBucketName}/${file.name}`;
  try {
    await blurredBucket.upload(tempLocalPath, {destination: file.name});
    console.log(`Uploaded blurred image to: ${gcsPath}`);
  } catch (err) {
    throw new Error(`Unable to upload blurred image to ${gcsPath}: ${err}`);
  }

  // Delete the temporary file.
  return fs.unlink(tempLocalPath);
};

Python

# Blurs the given file using ImageMagick.
def __blur_image(current_blob):
    file_name = current_blob.name
    _, temp_local_filename = tempfile.mkstemp()

    # Download file from bucket.
    current_blob.download_to_filename(temp_local_filename)
    print(f"Image {file_name} was downloaded to {temp_local_filename}.")

    # Blur the image using ImageMagick.
    with Image(filename=temp_local_filename) as image:
        image.resize(*image.size, blur=16, filter="hamming")
        image.save(filename=temp_local_filename)

    print(f"Image {file_name} was blurred.")

    # Upload result to a second bucket, to avoid re-triggering the function.
    # You could instead re-upload it to the same bucket + tell your function
    # to ignore files marked as blurred (e.g. those with a "blurred" prefix)
    blur_bucket_name = os.getenv("BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME")
    blur_bucket = storage_client.bucket(blur_bucket_name)
    new_blob = blur_bucket.blob(file_name)
    new_blob.upload_from_filename(temp_local_filename)
    print(f"Blurred image uploaded to: gs://{blur_bucket_name}/{file_name}")

    # Delete the temporary file.
    os.remove(temp_local_filename)

Go


// blur blurs the image stored at gs://inputBucket/name and stores the result in
// gs://outputBucket/name.
func blur(ctx context.Context, inputBucket, outputBucket, name string) error {
	inputBlob := storageClient.Bucket(inputBucket).Object(name)
	r, err := inputBlob.NewReader(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("inputBlob.NewReader: %w", err)
	}

	outputBlob := storageClient.Bucket(outputBucket).Object(name)
	w := outputBlob.NewWriter(ctx)
	defer w.Close()

	// Use - as input and output to use stdin and stdout.
	cmd := exec.Command("convert", "-", "-blur", "0x8", "-")
	cmd.Stdin = r
	cmd.Stdout = w

	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("cmd.Run: %w", err)
	}

	if err := w.Close(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write output file: %w", err)
	}
	log.Printf("Blurred image uploaded to gs://%s/%s", outputBlob.BucketName(), outputBlob.ObjectName())

	return nil
}

Java

// Blurs the file described by blobInfo using ImageMagick,
// and uploads it to the blurred bucket.
private static void blur(BlobInfo blobInfo) throws IOException {
  String bucketName = blobInfo.getBucket();
  String fileName = blobInfo.getName();

  // Download image
  Blob blob = storage.get(BlobId.of(bucketName, fileName));
  Path download = Paths.get("/tmp/", fileName);
  blob.downloadTo(download);

  // Construct the command.
  Path upload = Paths.get("/tmp/", "blurred-" + fileName);
  List<String> args = List.of("convert", download.toString(), "-blur", "0x8", upload.toString());
  try {
    ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(args);
    Process process = pb.start();
    process.waitFor();
  } catch (Exception e) {
    logger.info(String.format("Error: %s", e.getMessage()));
  }

  // Upload image to blurred bucket.
  BlobId blurredBlobId = BlobId.of(BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME, fileName);
  BlobInfo blurredBlobInfo = BlobInfo
      .newBuilder(blurredBlobId)
      .setContentType(blob.getContentType())
      .build();

  byte[] blurredFile = Files.readAllBytes(upload);
  storage.create(blurredBlobInfo, blurredFile);
  logger.info(
      String.format("Blurred image uploaded to: gs://%s/%s", BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME, fileName));

  // Remove images from fileSystem
  Files.delete(download);
  Files.delete(upload);
}

部署该函数

如需使用存储触发器部署 Cloud Functions 函数,请在包含示例代码(如果是 Java,则为 pom.xml 文件)的目录中运行以下命令:

Node.js

gcloud functions deploy nodejs-blur-function \
--gen2 \
--runtime=RUNTIME \
--region=REGION \
--source=. \
--entry-point=blurOffensiveImages \
--trigger-bucket=YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME \
--set-env-vars=BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME=YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME

Python

gcloud functions deploy python-blur-function \
--gen2 \
--runtime=RUNTIME \
--region=REGION \
--source=. \
--entry-point=blur_offensive_images \
--trigger-bucket=YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME \
--set-env-vars=BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME=YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME

Go

gcloud functions deploy go-blur-function \
--gen2 \
--runtime=RUNTIME \
--region=REGION \
--source=. \
--entry-point=blur-offensive-images \
--trigger-bucket=YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME \
--set-env-vars=BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME=YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME

Java

gcloud functions deploy java-blur-function \
--gen2 \
--runtime=RUNTIME \
--region=REGION \
--source=. \
--entry-point=functions.ImageMagick \
--trigger-bucket=YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME \
--set-env-vars=BLURRED_BUCKET_NAME=YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME

替换以下内容:

  • RUNTIME基于 Ubuntu 18.04 或更高版本的运行时
  • REGION:要在其中部署函数的 Google Cloud 区域的名称(例如 us-west1)。
  • YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME:用于上传图片的 Cloud Storage 存储桶的名称。
  • YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME:经过模糊处理的图片应保存到的存储桶的名称。

部署第 2 代函数时,请仅指定不含前导 gs:// 的存储桶名称;例如 --trigger-event-filters="bucket=my-bucket"

上传图片

  1. 上传一张令人反感的图片,比如这张肉食僵尸图片:

    gsutil cp zombie.jpg gs://YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME
    

    其中 YOUR_INPUT_BUCKET_NAME 是您之前为了上传图片而创建的 Cloud Storage 存储桶。

  2. 您应该会在日志中看到图片分析:

    gcloud beta functions logs read YOUR_FUNCTION_NAME --gen2 --limit=100
  3. 您可以在之前创建的 YOUR_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME Cloud Storage 存储桶中查看经过模糊处理的图片。

清除数据

为避免因本教程中使用的资源导致您的 Google Cloud 账号产生费用,请删除包含这些资源的项目,或者保留项目但删除各个资源。

删除项目

为了避免产生费用,最简单的方法是删除您为本教程创建的项目。

要删除项目,请执行以下操作:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,进入管理资源页面。

    转到“管理资源”

  2. 在项目列表中,选择要删除的项目,然后点击删除
  3. 在对话框中输入项目 ID,然后点击关闭以删除项目。

删除 Cloud Functions 函数

删除 Cloud Functions 函数不会移除存储在 Cloud Storage 中的任何资源。

如需删除您在本教程中部署的函数,请运行以下命令:

Node.js

gcloud functions delete nodejs-blur-function --gen2 --region REGION 

Python

gcloud functions delete python-blur-function --gen2 --region REGION 

Go

gcloud functions delete go-blur-function --gen2 --region REGION 

Java

gcloud functions delete java-blur-function --gen2 --region REGION 

您也可以通过 Google Cloud 控制台删除 Cloud Functions 函数。