IP マスカレードは、ネットワーク アドレス変換(NAT)の一種で、複数のクライアントが 1 つの IP アドレスを使用して宛先にアクセスできる多対 1 の IP アドレス変換を行います。
Cloud Composer では、ワークロードが GKE で実行されます。正しく機能させるには、ノード(VM)、GKE Pod、Service の IP 範囲が必要です。Airflow DAG とタスクが他のサービスと通信する際、Airflow IP は、Pod の IP を使用します。この Pod の IP 範囲は、タスクがやり取りする宛先との間でルーティング可能である必要があります。
IP マスカレード エージェントを使用することで、Pod の IP アドレスをノードの IP アドレスに変換できます。これにより、Airflow DAG とタスクをターゲットとする宛先とサービスが、Pod の IP アドレスではなくノード IP アドレスからのパケットのみを受信するようになります。これは、ノードの IP アドレスからのみパケットの受信を想定している環境や、Pod の IP 範囲がクラスタ外でルーティングできない環境で役立ちます。
また、IP マスカレード エージェントを使用して、ネットワーク構成のネットワーク範囲を節約することもできます。たとえば、環境のクラスタ内の Pod には別のネットワーク範囲を使用し、このトラフィックはそのノードの IP アドレス範囲から発信されたかのように見せかけることができます。このようにすると、環境のクラスタ内の Pod に別の範囲の IP アドレスを使用して、IP アドレス空間を 1 つの範囲に節約できます。
例:
VM に 10.0.0.0/8 範囲を使用し、この範囲のみがファイアウォール ルールで許可されます。
ネットワーク範囲を節約するには、環境のクラスタ内の Pod に別の範囲(192.168.0.0/16 など)を使用します。
// POST https://composer.googleapis.com/v1/{parent=projects/*/locations/*}/environments{"name":"projects/example-project/locations/us-central1/environments/example-environment","config":{"softwareConfig":{"imageVersion":"composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15"},"nodeConfig":{"ipAllocationPolicy":{"useIpAliases":true,},"enableIpMasqAgent":true}}}
Terraform
環境を作成するときに、node_config ブロックの enable_ip_masq_agent フィールドによって IP マスカレード エージェントを有効にします。
また、ip_allocation_policy ブロックの use_ip_aliases フィールドを使用して IP エイリアスを有効にする必要があります。
resource"google_composer_environment""example_environment"{provider=google-betaname="ENVIRONMENT_NAME"region="LOCATION"config{software_config{image_version="composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15"}node_config{ip_allocation_policy=[{use_ip_aliases=true // Other networking configuration}]enable_ip_masq_agent=true}}
以下のように置き換えます。
ENVIRONMENT_NAME を環境の名前に置き換えます。
LOCATION は、環境が配置されているリージョン。
例:
resource"google_composer_environment""example_environment"{provider=google-betaname="example-environment"region="us-central1"config{software_config{image_version="composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15"}node_config{ip_allocation_policy=[{use_ip_aliases=true // Other networking configuration}]enable_ip_masq_agent=true}}}
[[["わかりやすい","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["問題の解決に役立った","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["その他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["わかりにくい","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["情報またはサンプルコードが不正確","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["必要な情報 / サンプルがない","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻訳に関する問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["その他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最終更新日 2025-08-29 UTC。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eThe IP Masquerade agent in Cloud Composer allows translating Pod IP addresses to node IP addresses, enabling communication with external services using the environment's cluster IP addresses.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEnabling the IP Masquerade agent is recommended if your project faces IP address shortages, as it performs many-to-one IP address translations, conserving IP address space.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe IP Masquerade agent must be enabled during environment creation, as it cannot be enabled for existing environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEnabling the IP Masquerade agent requires also enabling IP alias using the \u003ccode\u003egcloud\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eAPI\u003c/code\u003e, or \u003ccode\u003eTerraform\u003c/code\u003e methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eWhen configuring the IP Masquerade agent, you must include at least the cluster's node and Pod IP address ranges as non-masquerade destinations, due to Cloud Composer's use of intranode visibility on GKE clusters.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\n[Cloud Composer 3](/composer/docs/composer-3/change-networking-type#comparison \"View this page for Cloud Composer 3\") \\| [Cloud Composer 2](/composer/docs/composer-2/enable-ip-masquerade-agent \"View this page for Cloud Composer 2\") \\| **Cloud Composer 1**\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nThis page describes how to enable the IP Masquerade agent for your environment.\n| **Important:** Consider using the IP Masquerade agent if your project is impacted by the shortage of IP addresses. By enabling the IP Masquerade agent, you can use your environment's cluster IP addresses to communicate with external services.\n\nAbout the IP Masquerade agent in Cloud Composer\n\nCloud Composer supports\nthe [IP Masquerade agent](/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/ip-masquerade-agent) for your environments.\n\n*IP masquerading* is a form of network address translation (NAT) used to\nperform many-to-one IP address translations. This allows multiple clients to\naccess a destination from a single IP address.\n\nCloud Composer runs your workloads on GKE. For\ncorrect function, it requires IP ranges for nodes (VMs) as well as\nGKE Pods and Services. When Airflow DAGs and tasks\ncommunicate with other services, they use Pod IPs and these Pod IP ranges need\nto be routable to and from any destinations that the tasks interact with.\n\nWith the IP Masquerade agent, you have the option to translate Pod IP\naddresses to node IP addresses, so that destinations and services targeted\nfrom Airflow DAGs and tasks only receive packets from node IP addresses\ninstead of Pod IP addresses. This is useful in environments that expect to\nonly receive packets from node IP addresses or where Pod IP ranges are not\nroutable outside of the cluster.\n\nIn addition, you can use the IP Masquerade agent to save network ranges in\nyour networking configuration. For example, you can use a separate network\nrange for Pods inside your environment's cluster and masquerade this traffic\nas coming from the node IP address range. In this way, you save IP address\nspace in one range by using IP addresses from a different range for Pods in\nyour environment's cluster.\n\nFor example:\n\n1. You use the `10.0.0.0/8` range for VMs and only this range is allowed by\n your firewall rules.\n\n2. To save network ranges, you use a different range (for example,\n `192.168.0.0/16`) for Pods in your environment's cluster.\n\n3. To be able to connect to any service from a Pod (Airflow worker), IP\n masquerading is needed; otherwise the service receives traffic from\n `192.168.0.0/16` and drops it because of a firewall rule. With the IP\n Masquerade agent enabled and configured, the service gets requests from\n `10.0.0.0/8`, which are accepted.\n\nBefore you begin\n\n- It is not possible to enable the IP Masquerade agent in Google Cloud console.\n\nEnable the IP Masquerade agent for an existing environment\n\nIt is not possible to enable the IP Masquerade agent for an existing\nenvironment.\n\nEnable the IP Masquerade agent when creating an environment\n\nYou can enable the IP Masquerade agent when you create an environment.\n\nFor more information about creating Cloud Composer environments,\nsee [Create environment](/composer/docs/composer-1/create-environments). \n\nConsole\n\nIt is not possible to enable the IP Masquerade agent in Google Cloud console.\n\ngcloud\n\nWhen you create an environment, the `--enable-ip-masq-agent` argument\nenables the IP Masqerade agent.\n\nYou must also enable IP alias with the `--enable-ip-alias` argument. \n\n gcloud composer environments create \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eENVIRONMENT_NAME\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --location \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --image-version composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15 \\\n --enable-ip-alias \\\n --enable-ip-masq-agent\n\nReplace:\n\n- `ENVIRONMENT_NAME` with the name of the environment.\n- `LOCATION` with the region where the environment is located.\n\nExample: \n\n gcloud composer environments create example-environment \\\n --location us-central1 \\\n --image-version composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15 \\\n --enable-ip-alias \\\n --enable-ip-masq-agent\n\nAPI\n\nConstruct an [`environments.create`](/composer/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.locations.environments/create) API request.\nSpecify the configuration in the [`Environment`](/composer/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.locations.environments#Environment)\nresource. \n\n {\n \"name\": \"projects/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e/locations/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e/environments/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eENVIRONMENT_NAME\u003c/var\u003e\",\n \"config\": {\n \"softwareConfig\": {\n \"imageVersion\": \"composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15\"\n },\n \"nodeConfig\": {\n \"ipAllocationPolicy\": {\n \"useIpAliases\": true,\n },\n \"enableIpMasqAgent\": true\n }\n }\n }\n\nReplace:\n\n- `PROJECT_ID` with the [Project ID](/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects).\n- `LOCATION` with the region where the environment is located.\n- `ENVIRONMENT_NAME` with the environment name.\n\nExample: \n\n // POST https://composer.googleapis.com/v1/{parent=projects/*/locations/*}/environments\n\n {\n \"name\": \"projects/example-project/locations/us-central1/environments/example-environment\",\n \"config\": {\n \"softwareConfig\": {\n \"imageVersion\": \"composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15\"\n },\n \"nodeConfig\": {\n \"ipAllocationPolicy\": {\n \"useIpAliases\": true,\n },\n \"enableIpMasqAgent\": true\n }\n }\n }\n\nTerraform\n\nWhen you create an environment, the `enable_ip_masq_agent`\nfield in the `node_config` block enables the IP Masqerade agent.\n\nYou must also enable IP alias with the `use_ip_aliases` field in the\n`ip_allocation_policy` block. \n\n resource \"google_composer_environment\" \"example_environment\" {\n provider = google-beta\n name = \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eENVIRONMENT_NAME\u003c/var\u003e\"\n region = \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e\"\n\n config {\n software_config {\n image_version = \"composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15\"\n }\n node_config {\n ip_allocation_policy = [{\n use_ip_aliases = true\n // Other networking configuration\n }]\n enable_ip_masq_agent = true\n }\n }\n\nReplace:\n\n- `ENVIRONMENT_NAME` with the name of the environment.\n- `LOCATION` with the region where the environment is located.\n\nExample: \n\n resource \"google_composer_environment\" \"example_environment\" {\n provider = google-beta\n name = \"example-environment\"\n region = \"us-central1\"\n\n config {\n software_config {\n image_version = \"composer-1.20.12-airflow-1.10.15\"\n }\n node_config {\n ip_allocation_policy = [{\n use_ip_aliases = true\n // Other networking configuration\n }]\n enable_ip_masq_agent = true\n }\n }\n }\n\nConfigure the IP Masquerade agent **Caution:** Cloud Composer enables [intranode visibility](/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/intranode-visibility) on GKE clusters. Therefore, non-masquerade destinations must at least include the cluster's node and Pod IP address range(s).\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nFor more information about using and configuring the IP Masquerade agent in\nCloud Composer 1, see\n[Configuring an IP masquerade agent in Standard clusters](/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/ip-masquerade-agent).\n\nWhat's next\n\n- [Create an environment](/composer/docs/composer-1/create-environments)\n- [Configure Shared VPC networking](/composer/docs/composer-1/configure-shared-vpc)\n- [Configure Private IP networking](/composer/docs/composer-1/configure-private-ip)"]]