Cassandra pods not starting in the secondary region

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Note: This document is applicable for Apigee hybrid users only.

Symptom

Cassandra pods fail to start in one of the regions in a multi-region Apigee hybrid setup. When applying the overrides.yaml file, the Cassandra pods do not start successfully.

Error messages

1. You will observe the following error message in the Cassandra pod logs:

   Exception (java.lang.RuntimeException) encountered during startup:
   A node with address 10.52.18.40 already exists, cancelling join.
   use cassandra.replace_addrees if you want to replace this node.

2. You may observe the following warning in the Cassandra pod status:

   

Possible causes

This issue is typically observed in the following scenario:

1. The Apigee runtime cluster is deleted in one of the regions.
2. An attempt to reinstall the Apigee runtime cluster is made in the region with Cassandra seed host configuration in the overrides.yaml file as described in Multi-region deployment on GKE and GKE on-prem.
3. Deleting the Apigee runtime cluster does not remove the references in the Cassandra cluster. Thus, the stale references of the Cassandra pods in the deleted cluster will be retained. Because of this, when you try to reinstall the Apigee runtime cluster in the secondary region, the Cassandra pods complain that certain IP addresses already exist. That is because the IP addresses may be assigned from the same subnet which was used earlier.

Note: In this playbook, the term primary region refers to the healthy Apigee runtime cluster and the term secondary region refers to the Apigee runtime cluster which is deleted and reinstallation is attempted with Cassandra seed configuration referring to the primary region.

Cause	Description
Stale references to deleted secondary region pods in Cassandra cluster	Deleting the Apigee runtime cluster in the secondary region does not remove the references to IP addresses of Cassandra pods in the secondary region.

Cause: Stale references to deleted secondary region pods in Cassandra cluster

Diagnosis

1. The error message in the in the Cassandra pod logs A node with address 10.52.18.40 already exists indicates that there exists a stale reference to one of the secondary region Cassandra pods with the IP address 10.52.18.40. Validate this by running the nodetool status command in the primary region.

   Sample Output:

   

   The above example shows that the IP address 10.52.18.40 associated with Cassandra pods of the secondary region is still listed in the output.

2. If the output contains the stale references to Cassandra pods in the secondary region, then it indicates that the secondary region has been deleted, but the IP addresses of the Cassandra pods in the secondary region are not removed.

Resolution

Perform the following steps to remove the stale references of Cassandra pods of the deleted cluster:

1. Log into the container and connect to the Cassandra command-line interface by following the steps at Create the client container.
2. After you have logged into the container and connected to the Cassandra cqlsh interface, run the following SQL query to list the current keyspace definitions:

   select * from system_schema.keyspaces;

   Sample output showing current keyspaces:

   In the following output, Primary-DC1 refers to the primary region and Secondary-DC2 refers to the secondary region.

   bash-4.4# cqlsh 10.50.112.194 -u admin_user -p ADMIN.PASSWORD --ssl
   Connected to apigeecluster at 10.50.112.194:9042.
   [cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.6 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v4]
   Use HELP for help.
   
   admin_user@cqlsh> Select * from system_schema.keyspaces;
   
   keyspace_name                        | durable_writes | replication
   -------------------------------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   system_auth                          |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   kvm_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid   |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   kms_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid   |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   system_schema                        |           True |                                           {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.LocalStrategy'}
   system_distributed                   |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   system                               |           True |                                           {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.LocalStrategy'}
   perses                               |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   cache_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   rtc_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid   |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   quota_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   system_traces                        |           True | {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'Secondary-DC2': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'}
   (11 rows)

   As you can see, the keyspaces are referring to both Primary-DC1 and Secondary-DC2, even though the Apigee runtime cluster was deleted in the secondary region.

   The stale references to Secondary-DC2 have to be deleted from each of the keyspace definitions.

3. Before deleting the stale references in the keyspace definitions, use the following command to delete the entire Apigee hybrid installation except ASM (Istio) and cert-manager from the Secondary-DC2. For more information, refer to Uninstall hybrid runtime.

   apigeectl delete -f YOUR_OVERRIDES_FILE.yaml --all

4. Remove the stale references to Secondary-DC2 from each of the keyspaces by altering the keyspace definition.

   ALTER KEYSPACE system_auth WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE kvm_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE kms_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE system_distributed WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE perses WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE cache_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE rtc_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE quota_tsg1_apigee_hybrid_prod_hybrid WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};
   ALTER KEYSPACE system_traces WITH replication = {'Primary-DC1': '3', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.NetworkTopologyStrategy'};

5. Verify that the stale references to the Secondary-DC2 region have been removed from all the keyspaces by running the following command:

   select * from system_schema.keyspaces;

6. Log in to a Cassandra pod of the Primary-DC1 and remove the references to UUIDs of all the Cassandra pods of Secondary-DC2. The UUIDs can be obtained from the nodetool status command as described earlier in Diagnosis.

   kubectl exec -it -n apigee apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- bash
   nodetool -u admin_user -pw ADMIN.PASSWORD removenode UUID_OF_CASSANDRA_POD_IN_SECONDARY_DC2

7. Verify that no Cassandra pods of Secondary-DC2 are present by running the nodetool status command again.
8. Install the Apigee runtime cluster in the secondary region (Secondary-DC2) by following the steps in Multi-region deployment on GKE and GKE on-prem.

Must gather diagnostic information

If the problem persists even after following the above instructions, gather the following diagnostic information and then contact Google Cloud Customer Care:

1. The Google Cloud Project ID
2. The name of the Apigee hybrid organization
3. The overrides.yaml files from both the primary and secondary regions, masking any sensitive information
4. Kubernetes pod status in all namespaces of both the primary and secondary regions:

   kubectl get pods -A > kubectl-pod-status`date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S`.txt

5. A kubernetes cluster-info dump from both the primary and secondary regions:

   # generate kubernetes cluster-info dump
   kubectl cluster-info dump -A --output-directory=/tmp/kubectl-cluster-info-dump
   
   # zip kubernetes cluster-info dump
   zip -r kubectl-cluster-info-dump`date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S`.zip /tmp/kubectl-cluster-info-dump/*

6. The output of the below nodetool commands from the primary region.

   export u=`kubectl -n apigee get secrets apigee-datastore-default-creds -o jsonpath='{.data.jmx\.user}' | base64 -d`
   export pw=`kubectl -n apigee get secrets apigee-datastore-default-creds -o jsonpath='{.data.jmx\.password}' | base64 -d`
   
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw info 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_info_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw describecluster 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_describecluster_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw failuredetector 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_failuredetector_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw status 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_status_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw gossipinfo 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_gossipinfo_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw netstats 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_netstats_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw proxyhistograms 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_proxyhistograms_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw tpstats 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_tpstats_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw gcstats 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_gcstats_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw version 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_version_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
   kubectl -n apigee exec -it apigee-cassandra-default-0 -- nodetool -u $u -pw $pw ring 2>&1 | tee /tmp/k_nodetool_ring_$(date +%Y.%m.%d_%H.%M.%S).txt
         

References

• Apigee hybrid Multi-region deployment on GKE and GKE on-prem
• Kubernetes Documentation
• Cassandra nodetool status command