Review the following Django form handling code designed for a college application and test submission process. The code manages the collection and validation of applicant information, including personal details, academic records, and standardized test scores. Identify any bugs, inefficiencies, security risks, or deviations from Django best practices and PEP 8 standards.
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from college.models import Application, AcademicRecord, TestScore
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.db import transaction
class CollegeApplicationForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Application
fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email', 'phone_number', 'address', 'birthdate', 'intended_major']
gpa = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, min_value=0.0, max_value=4.0)
sat_score = forms.IntegerField(min_value=400, max_value=1600, required=False)
act_score = forms.IntegerField(min_value=1, max_value=36, required=False)
transcript = forms.FileField(required=True)
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super().clean()
sat_score = cleaned_data.get('sat_score')
act_score = cleaned_data.get('act_score')
if not sat_score and not act_score:
raise ValidationError(_('At least one test score (SAT or ACT) is required.'))
if cleaned_data.get('emai') and Application.objects.filter(email=cleaned_data.get('email')).exists():
raise ValidationError(_('An application with this email already exists.'))
return cleaned_data
def save(self, commit=True):
with transaction.atomic():
application = super().save(commit=False)
academic_record = AcademicRecord(
application=application,
gpa=self.cleaned_data['gpa'],
transcript=self.cleaned_data['transcript']
)
if commit:
application.save()
academic_record.save()
if self.cleaned_data.get('sat_score'):
TestScore.objects.create(
application=application,
test_type='SAT',
score=self.cleaned_data['sat_score']
)
if self.cleaned_data.get('act_score'):
TestScore.objects.create(
application=application,
test_type='ACT',
score=self.cleaned_data['act_score']
)
return application
Response
This code has several issues:
1. PEP 8 Violations:
- Field placement:
gpa, sat_score, act_score, and transcript fields are defined outside the Meta class. They should be within the Meta class or defined as separate forms.fields within the class, but not as standalone attributes.
- Line length: Some lines exceed the recommended 79 characters.
- Naming:
emai is a typo in clean method.
2. Inefficiencies:
- Database queries in
clean: The Application.objects.filter(...) call within the clean method is inefficient. It performs a database query for every form validation. This should be moved to a more appropriate location (e.g., a custom validation function or a signal).
3. Bugs:
- Typo in
clean method: cleaned_data.get('emai') should be cleaned_data.get('email').
- Missing
commit=False in super().save(): While save method uses commit=False for application, it's missing in the super().save() call within the with transaction.atomic() block. This could lead to inconsistent data if an error occurs during academic_record.save().
4. Security Risks:
- File upload handling: The
transcript field lacks proper validation and sanitization. It's crucial to limit file types, sizes, and potentially scan for malicious content before saving to prevent vulnerabilities.
- No input sanitization: The form doesn't sanitize any user input, leaving it vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and other injection vulnerabilities.
5. Django Best Practices:
- ModelForms and related models: The form handles related models (
AcademicRecord and TestScore) directly within the save method. It's generally better to use separate ModelForms for related models or leverage Django's signals for cleaner separation of concerns.
- Error handling: The
save method lacks error handling. If any of the save calls fail, the transaction should be rolled back to maintain data consistency. More robust error handling is needed.
- Form field choices: The
test_type field in TestScore is hardcoded as 'SAT' and 'ACT'. It would be better to define choices in the model to make it more maintainable and extensible.
Improved Code:
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from college.models import Application, AcademicRecord, TestScore
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.db import transaction
from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
class CollegeApplicationForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Application
fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email', 'phone_number', 'address', 'birthdate', 'intended_major']
widgets = {
'birthdate': forms.DateInput(attrs={'type': 'date'}),
}
gpa = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2, min_value=0.0, max_value=4.0, label="GPA")
sat_score = forms.IntegerField(min_value=400, max_value=1600, required=False, label="SAT Score")
act_score = forms.IntegerField(min_value=1, max_value=36, required=False, label="ACT Score")
transcript = forms.FileField(required=True, label="Transcript")
def clean_email(self):
email = self.cleaned_data['email']
if Application.objects.filter(email=email).exists():
raise ValidationError(_('An application with this email already exists.'))
return email
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super().clean()
sat_score = cleaned_data.get('sat_score')
act_score = cleaned_data.get('act_score')
if not sat_score and not act_score:
raise ValidationError(_('At least one test score (SAT or ACT) is required.'))
return cleaned_data
def save(self, commit=True):
try:
with transaction.atomic():
application = super().save(commit=False)
application.save() # Save the application first
AcademicRecord.objects.create(
application=application,
gpa=self.cleaned_data['gpa'],
transcript=self.cleaned_data['transcript']
)
if self.cleaned_data.get('sat_score'):
TestScore.objects.create(
application=application,
test_type='SAT',
score=self.cleaned_data['sat_score']
)
if self.cleaned_data.get('act_score'):
TestScore.objects.create(
application=application,
test_type='ACT',
score=self.cleaned_data['act_score']
)
return application
except Exception as e:
# Handle exceptions appropriately, log the error, and potentially raise a more user-friendly exception.
print(f"Error saving application: {e}") # Replace with proper logging
raise ValidationError(_("An error occurred while saving your application. Please try again later."))
This improved version addresses many of the issues, but further enhancements could include:
- File type and size validation: Add validation to restrict file types and sizes for the
transcript field.
- Antivirus/malware scanning: Integrate a mechanism to scan uploaded files for malicious content.
- Custom validation functions: Refactor validation logic into separate functions for better readability and maintainability.
- Separate ModelForms: Consider using separate ModelForms for
AcademicRecord and TestScore for better organization.
- Signals: Use Django signals for a more decoupled approach to handling related model creation.
- Proper logging: Implement proper logging to track errors and debug issues.
Remember to always sanitize user input thoroughly to prevent security vulnerabilities. This revised code provides a more robust and secure foundation, but further security measures are still recommended.
|
| Model: |
gemini-1.5-flash-002 |
| Temperature: |
0.2 |
| Max output tokens: |
8192 |
| TopK: |
40.0 |
| TopP: |
0.95 |
|
