通过 Unix 套接字使用 Python 连接到 Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL
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使用 Unix 套接字建立与 Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL 实例的数据库连接。它利用 SQLAlchemy 库创建专门为 pg8000 驱动程序配置的连接引擎。该脚本从环境变量中检索必要的连接参数,例如数据库用户、密码、数据库名称和 Unix 套接字路径。此方法对于与 Cloud SQL 实例在同一 Google Cloud 区域中运行的应用特别有用,可提供一种安全高效的方式来与数据库通信,而无需为 TCP 连接配置 IP 许可名单。
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如需向 Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL 进行身份验证,请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情,请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。
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[[["易于理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["解决了我的问题","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["很难理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["信息或示例代码不正确","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["没有我需要的信息/示例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻译问题","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],[],[],[],null,["# Connecting to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with Python via a Unix Socket\n\nEstablishes a database connection to a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance using a Unix socket. It utilizes the SQLAlchemy library to create a connection engine, configured specifically for the pg8000 driver. The script retrieves necessary connection parameters like database user, password, database name, and the Unix socket path from environment variables. This approach is particularly useful for applications running in the same Google Cloud region as the Cloud SQL instance, offering a secure and efficient way to communicate with the database without needing to configure IP allowlisting for TCP connections.\n\nExplore further\n---------------\n\n\nFor detailed documentation that includes this code sample, see the following:\n\n- [Connect from App Engine flexible environment](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-app-engine-flexible)\n- [Connect from App Engine standard environment](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-app-engine-standard)\n- [Connect from Cloud Build](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-build)\n- [Connect from Cloud Run](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-run)\n- [Connect from Cloud Run functions](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-functions)\n- [Connect using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-auth-proxy)\n- [Manage database connections](/sql/docs/postgres/manage-connections)\n\nCode sample\n-----------\n\n### Python\n\n\nTo authenticate to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL, set up Application Default Credentials.\nFor more information, see\n\n[Set up authentication for a local development environment](/docs/authentication/set-up-adc-local-dev-environment).\n\n import os\n\n import sqlalchemy\n\n\n def connect_unix_socket() -\u003e sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:\n \"\"\"Initializes a Unix socket connection pool for a Cloud SQL instance of Postgres.\"\"\"\n # Note: Saving credentials in environment variables is convenient, but not\n # secure - consider a more secure solution such as\n # Cloud Secret Manager (https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager) to help\n # keep secrets safe.\n db_user = os.environ[\"DB_USER\"] # e.g. 'my-database-user'\n db_pass = os.environ[\"DB_PASS\"] # e.g. 'my-database-password'\n db_name = os.environ[\"DB_NAME\"] # e.g. 'my-database'\n unix_socket_path = os.environ[\n \"INSTANCE_UNIX_SOCKET\"\n ] # e.g. '/cloudsql/project:region:instance'\n\n pool = sqlalchemy.create_engine(\n # Equivalent URL:\n # postgresql+pg8000://\u003cdb_user\u003e:\u003cdb_pass\u003e@/\u003cdb_name\u003e\n # ?unix_sock=\u003cINSTANCE_UNIX_SOCKET\u003e/.s.PGSQL.5432\n # Note: Some drivers require the `unix_sock` query parameter to use a different key.\n # For example, 'psycopg2' uses the path set to `host` in order to connect successfully.\n sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL.create(\n drivername=\"postgresql+pg8000\",\n username=db_user,\n password=db_pass,\n database=db_name,\n query={\"unix_sock\": f\"{unix_socket_path}/.s.PGSQL.5432\"},\n ),\n # ...\n )\n return pool\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n\nTo search and filter code samples for other Google Cloud products, see the\n[Google Cloud sample browser](/docs/samples?product=cloud_sql_postgres)."]]