使用 Cloud SQL Python 连接器创建连接

使用 Cloud SQL Python 连接器打开与 Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL 的连接。

深入探索

如需查看包含此代码示例的详细文档，请参阅以下内容：

• 从 App Engine 柔性环境连接
• 从 App Engine 标准环境连接
• 从 Cloud Functions 连接
• 从 Cloud Run 连接
• 使用 Cloud SQL 语言连接器进行连接

代码示例

Python

如需向 Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import os

from google.cloud.sql.connector import Connector, IPTypes
import pg8000

import sqlalchemy


def connect_with_connector() -> sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:
    """
    Initializes a connection pool for a Cloud SQL instance of Postgres.

    Uses the Cloud SQL Python Connector package.
    """
    # Note: Saving credentials in environment variables is convenient, but not
    # secure - consider a more secure solution such as
    # Cloud Secret Manager (https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager) to help
    # keep secrets safe.

    instance_connection_name = os.environ[
        "INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME"
    ]  # e.g. 'project:region:instance'
    db_user = os.environ["DB_USER"]  # e.g. 'my-db-user'
    db_pass = os.environ["DB_PASS"]  # e.g. 'my-db-password'
    db_name = os.environ["DB_NAME"]  # e.g. 'my-database'

    ip_type = IPTypes.PRIVATE if os.environ.get("PRIVATE_IP") else IPTypes.PUBLIC

    # initialize Cloud SQL Python Connector object
    connector = Connector()

    def getconn() -> pg8000.dbapi.Connection:
        conn: pg8000.dbapi.Connection = connector.connect(
            instance_connection_name,
            "pg8000",
            user=db_user,
            password=db_pass,
            db=db_name,
            ip_type=ip_type,
        )
        return conn

    # The Cloud SQL Python Connector can be used with SQLAlchemy
    # using the 'creator' argument to 'create_engine'
    pool = sqlalchemy.create_engine(
        "postgresql+pg8000://",
        creator=getconn,
        # ...
    )
    return pool

后续步骤

如需搜索和过滤其他 Google Cloud 产品的代码示例，请参阅 Google Cloud 示例浏览器。