建立 IaC 驗證報告範例

本教學課程說明如何驗證基礎架構即程式碼 (IaC) 是否違反機構政策或 Security Health Analytics 偵測器。

準備環境

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
  2. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  3. 如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP),請先 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI

  4. 如要初始化 gcloud CLI,請執行下列指令:

    gcloud init
  5. Create or select a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.
    • Create a Google Cloud project:

      gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

    • Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

      gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

  6. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  7. Enable the Security posture service and Security Command Center management APIs:

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the Service Usage Admin IAM role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin), which contains the serviceusage.services.enable permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    gcloud services enable securityposture.googleapis.com  securitycentermanagement.googleapis.com
  8. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  9. 如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP),請先 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI

  10. 如要初始化 gcloud CLI,請執行下列指令:

    gcloud init
  11. Create or select a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.
    • Create a Google Cloud project:

      gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

    • Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

      gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

  12. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  13. Enable the Security posture service and Security Command Center management APIs:

    Roles required to enable APIs

    To enable APIs, you need the Service Usage Admin IAM role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin), which contains the serviceusage.services.enable permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    gcloud services enable securityposture.googleapis.com  securitycentermanagement.googleapis.com
  14. 複製專案編號。部署安全狀況時,您需要專案編號才能設定目標資源。
    gcloud projects describe PROJECT_ID
  15. 初始化 Terraform:
    terraform init
  16. 建立及部署防護機制

    1. 在 Cloud Shell 中啟動 Cloud Shell 編輯器。如要啟動編輯器,請按一下 Cloud Shell 視窗工具列上的「Open Editor」程式碼編輯器按鈕

    2. 建立名為 example-standard.yaml 的 YAML 檔案。

    3. 將下列程式碼貼入檔案:

    name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postures/example-standard
    state: ACTIVE
    policySets:
    - policies:
      - constraint:
          orgPolicyConstraintCustom:
            customConstraint:
              actionType: ALLOW
              condition: "resource.initialNodeCount == 3"
              description: Set initial node count to be exactly 3.
              displayName: fixedNodeCount
              methodTypes:
              - CREATE
              name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.fixedNodeCount
              resourceTypes:
              - container.googleapis.com/NodePool
            policyRules:
            - enforce: true
        policyId: fixedNodeCount
      - constraint:
          securityHealthAnalyticsCustomModule:
            config:
              customOutput: {}
              description: Set MTU for a network to be exactly 1000.
              predicate:
                expression: "!(resource.mtu == 1000)"
              recommendation: Only create networks whose MTU is 1000.
              resourceSelector:
                resourceTypes:
                - compute.googleapis.com/Network
              severity: HIGH
            displayName: fixedMTU
            moduleEnablementState: ENABLED
        policyId: fixedMTU
      - constraint:
          securityHealthAnalyticsModule:
            moduleEnablementState: ENABLED
            moduleName: BUCKET_POLICY_ONLY_DISABLED
        policyId: bucket_policy_only_disabled
      - constraint:
          securityHealthAnalyticsModule:
            moduleEnablementState: ENABLED
            moduleName: BUCKET_LOGGING_DISABLED
        policyId: bucket_logging_disabled
      policySetId: policySet1

    ORGANIZATION_ID 替換為機構 ID。

    1. 在 Cloud Shell 中建立姿勢:

      gcloud scc postures create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postures/example-standard --posture-from-file=example-standard.yaml
      
    2. 複製指令產生的姿勢修訂版本 ID。

    3. 將姿勢部署至專案:

      gcloud scc posture-deployments create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postureDeployments/example-standard \
      --posture-name=organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postures/example-standard \
      --posture-revision-id="POSTURE_REVISION_ID" \
      --target-resource=projects/PROJECT_NUMBER
      

      更改下列內容:

      • ORGANIZATION_ID:您的機構 ID。
      • POSTURE REVISION_ID:您複製的姿勢修訂 ID。
      • PROJECT_NUMBER:您的專案編號。

    建立 Terraform 檔案並驗證

    1. 在 Cloud Shell 中啟動 Cloud Shell 編輯器。

    2. 建立名為 main.tf 的 Terraform 檔案。

    3. 將下列程式碼貼入檔案:

      terraform {
        required_providers {
          google = {
            source  = "hashicorp/google"
          }
        }
      }
      
      provider "google" {
        region  = "us-central1"
        zone    = "us-central1-c"
      }
      
      resource "google_compute_network" "example_network"{
        name                            = "example-network-1"
        delete_default_routes_on_create = false
        auto_create_subnetworks         = false
        routing_mode                    = "REGIONAL"
        mtu                             = 100
        project                         = "PROJECT_ID"
      }
      
      resource "google_container_node_pool" "example_node_pool" {
        name               = "example-node-pool-1"
        cluster            = "example-cluster-1"
        project            = "PROJECT_ID"
        initial_node_count = 2
      
        node_config {
          preemptible  = true
          machine_type = "e2-medium"
        }
      }
      
      resource "google_storage_bucket" "example_bucket" {
        name          = "example-bucket-1"
        location      = "EU"
        force_destroy = true
      
        project = "PROJECT_ID"
      
        uniform_bucket_level_access = false
      }
      

      PROJECT_ID 替換為您建立的專案 ID。

    4. 在 Cloud Shell 中建立 Terraform 方案檔案,並轉換為 JSON 格式:

      terraform plan -out main.plan
      terraform show -json main.plan > mainplan.json
      
    5. 為「mainplan.json」建立 IaC 驗證報告:

      gcloud scc iac-validation-reports create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global --tf-plan-file=mainplan.json
      

      這項指令會傳回 IaC 驗證報告,說明下列違規事項:

      • example_networkmtu 不是 1000。
      • example_node_poolinitial_node_count 不是 3。
      • example_bucket 未啟用統一值區層級存取權。
      • example_bucket 未啟用記錄功能。

    解決違規事項

    1. 在 Cloud Shell 中啟動 Cloud Shell 編輯器。

    2. 更新 main.tf 檔案,進行下列變更:

      terraform {
        required_providers {
          google = {
            source  = "hashicorp/google"
          }
        }
      }
      
      provider "google" {
        region  = "us-central1"
        zone    = "us-central1-c"
      }
      
      resource "google_compute_network" "example_network"{
        name                            = "example-network-1"
        delete_default_routes_on_create = false
        auto_create_subnetworks         = false
        routing_mode                    = "REGIONAL"
        mtu                             = 1000
        project                         = "PROJECT_ID"
      }
      
      resource "google_container_node_pool" "example_node_pool" {
        name               = "example-node-pool-1"
        cluster            = "example-cluster-1"
        project            = "PROJECT_ID"
        initial_node_count = 3
      
        node_config {
          preemptible  = true
          machine_type = "e2-medium"
        }
      }
      
      resource "google_storage_bucket" "example_bucket" {
        name          = "example-bucket-1"
        location      = "EU"
        force_destroy = true
      
        project = "PROJECT_ID"
        uniform_bucket_level_access = true
      
        logging {
          log_bucket   = "my-unique-logging-bucket" // Create a separate bucket for logs
          log_object_prefix = "tf-logs/"             // Optional prefix for better structure
        }
      }
      

      PROJECT_ID 替換為您建立的專案 ID。

    3. 在 Cloud Shell 中建立 Terraform 方案檔案,並轉換為 JSON 格式:

      terraform plan -out main.plan
      terraform show -json main.plan > mainplan.json
      
    4. 為「mainplan.json」重新建立 IaC 驗證報告:

      gcloud scc iac-validation-reports create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global --tf-plan-file=mainplan.json