为 Compute Engine 启用 IAP

本页介绍如何使用 Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) 保护 Compute Engine 实例。

准备工作

要为 Compute Engine 启用 IAP，您需要以下各项：

如果您尚未设置 Compute Engine 实例，请参阅为 Compute Engine 设置 IAP 以查看完整演示。

IAP 使用 Google 管理的 OAuth 客户端对用户进行身份验证。只有组织内的用户才能访问启用了 IAP 的应用。如果您想允许组织外部的用户访问，请参阅为外部应用启用 IAP。

您可以在 Compute Engine 后端服务或 Compute Engine 转发规则上启用 IAP。在 Compute Engine 后端服务上启用 IAP 后，只有该后端服务受 IAP 保护。在 Compute Engine 转发规则上启用 IAP 后，转发规则背后的所有 Compute Engine 实例都将受到 IAP 保护。

为转发规则启用 IAP

您可以使用负载平衡器授权政策框架在转发规则上启用 IAP。

gcloud

  1. Run the following command to prepare a policy.yaml file.
$ cat << EOF > policy.yaml
action: CUSTOM
description: authz policy with Cloud IAP
name: AUTHZ_POLICY_NAME
customProvider:
  cloudIap: {}
target:
  loadBalancingScheme: EXTERNAL_MANAGED
  resources:
  - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/LOCATION/forwardingRules/FORWARDING_RULE_ID
EOF
  1. Run the following command to enable IAP on a forwarding rule.
gcloud beta network-security authz-policies import AUTHZ_POLICY_NAME \
--source=policy.yaml \
--location=LOCATION \
--project=PROJECT_ID

Replace the following:

  • PROJECT_ID: The Google Cloud project ID.
  • LOCATION: The region that the resource is located in.
  • FORWARDING_RULE_ID: The ID of the forwarding rule resource.
  • AUTHZ_POLICY_NAME: The name of the authorization policy.

API

  1. Run the following command to prepare a policy.json file. 
    cat << EOF > policy.json
{
"name": "AUTHZ_POLICY_NAME",
"target": {
"loadBalancingScheme": "INTERNAL_MANAGED",
"resources": [
"https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/LOCATION/forwardingRules/FORWARDING_RULE_ID"
],
},
"action": "CUSTOM",
"httpRules": [],
"customProvider": {
"cloudIap": {}
}
}
EOF

  2. Run the following command to enable IAP on a forwarding rule. 

    curl -X PATCH \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d @policy.json \
"https://networksecurity.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/authzPolicies"

    Replace the following:

    • PROJECT_ID: The Google Cloud project ID.
    • LOCATION: The region that the resource is located in.
    • FORWARDING_RULE_ID: The ID of the forwarding rule resource.
    • AUTHZ_POLICY_NAME: The name of the authorization policy.

在转发规则上启用 IAP 后，您可以向资源应用权限。

在 Compute Engine 后端服务上启用 IAP

您可以通过 Compute Engine 后端服务在该后端服务上启用 IAP。

控制台

使用 Google Cloud 控制台启用 IAP 时，Google 管理的 OAuth 客户端不可用。

If you haven't configured your project's OAuth consent screen, you'll be prompted to do so. To configure your OAuth consent screen, see Setting up your OAuth consent screen.

If you are running GKE clusters version 1.24 or later, you can configure IAP and GKE by using the Kubernetes Gateway API. To do so, complete the following steps and then follow the instructions in Configure IAP. Do not configure BackendConfig.

Setting up IAP access

  1. Go to the Identity-Aware Proxy page.
    Go to the Identity-Aware Proxy page
  2. Select the project you want to secure with IAP.

  3. Select the checkbox next to the resource you want to grant access to.

    If you don't see a resource, ensure that the resource is created and that the BackendConfig Compute Engine ingress controller is synced.

    To verify that the backend service is available, run the following gcloud command:

    gcloud compute backend-services list
  4. On the right side panel, click Add principal.
  5. In the Add principals dialog that appears, enter the email addresses of groups or individuals who should have the IAP-secured Web App User role for the project.

    The following kinds of principals can have this role:

    • Google Account: user@gmail.com
    • Google Group: admins@googlegroups.com
    • Service account: server@example.gserviceaccount.com
    • Google Workspace domain: example.com

    Make sure to add a Google Account that you have access to.

  6. Select Cloud IAP > IAP-secured Web App User from the Roles drop-down list.
  7. Click Save.

Turning on IAP

  1. On the Identity-Aware Proxy page, under APPLICATIONS, find the load balancer that serves the instance group you want to restrict access to. To turn on IAP for a resource,
    To enable IAP:
    • At least one protocol in the load balancer frontend configuration must be HTTPS. Learn about setting up a load balancer.
    • You need the compute.backendServices.update, clientauthconfig.clients.create, and clientauthconfig.clients.getWithSecret permissions. These permissions are granted by roles, such as the Project Editor role. To learn more, see Managing access to IAP-secured resources.
  2. In the Turn on IAP window that appears, click Turn On to confirm that you want IAP to secure your resource. After you turn on IAP, it requires login credentials for all connections to your load balancer. Only accounts with the IAP-Secured Web App User role on the project will be given access.

gcloud

Before you set up your project and IAP, you need an up-to-date version of the gcloud CLI. For instructions on how to install the gcloud CLI, see Install the gcloud CLI.

  1. To authenticate, use the Google Cloud CLI and run the following command. 
    gcloud auth login
  2. To sign in, follow the URL that appears.
  3. After you sign in, copy the verification code that appears and paste it in the command line.
  4. Run the following command to specify the project that contains the resource that you want to protect with IAP. 
    gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
  5. To enable IAP, run either the globally or regionally scoped command.

    Global scope 
    gcloud compute backend-services update BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME --global --iap=enabled
     Regional scope 
    gcloud compute backend-services update BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME --region REGION_NAME --iap=enabled

After you enable IAP, you can use the gcloud CLI to modify the IAP access policy using the IAM role roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor. Learn more about managing roles and permissions.

API

  1. Run the following command to prepare a settings.json file. 

    cat << EOF > settings.json
{
"iap":
  {
    "enabled":true
  }
}
EOF

  2. Run the following command to enable IAP. 

    curl -X PATCH \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d @settings.json \
"https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/REGION/backendServices/BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME"

After you enable IAP, you can use the Google Cloud CLI to modify the IAP access policy using the IAM role roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor. Learn more about managing roles and permissions.