使用 Google 账号对用户进行身份验证

使用 Google 账号对用户进行身份验证

本页面介绍如何部署 App Engine 标准或柔性环境应用，以及如何使用 Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) 为该应用提供保护。本快速入门提供了用于验证登录用户姓名的 App Engine 标准环境 Web 应用示例代码，并使用 Cloud Shell 克隆和部署示例应用。您可以参考本快速入门来为自己的 App Engine 标准环境或 App Engine 柔性环境应用启用 IAP。

如果您打算通过内容分发网络 (CDN) 传送资源，请参阅最佳做法指南了解重要信息。

当 App Engine 应用包含多项服务时，您可以在不同服务上配置不同的 IAP 权限，包括仅将部分服务设为可公开访问以保护他人的安全

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如需在 Google Cloud 控制台中直接遵循有关此任务的分步指导，请点击操作演示：

操作演示

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准备工作

1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

4. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

5. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

准备工作

如需为 App Engine 启用 IAP，您需要满足以下条件：

• 启用了结算功能的 Google Cloud 控制台项目。

如果您尚未设置 App Engine 实例，请参阅部署 App Engine 以查看完整演示。

IAP 使用 Google 管理的 OAuth 客户端对用户进行身份验证。 只有组织内的用户才能访问启用了 IAP 的应用。 如果您想允许组织外部的用户访问，请参阅为外部应用启用 IAP。

注意：预览版中提供了使用 Google 管理的 OAuth 客户端对用户进行身份验证的功能。

启用 IAP

控制台

使用 Google Cloud 控制台启用 IAP 时，无法使用 Google 管理的 OAuth 客户端。

If you haven't configured your project's OAuth consent screen, you'll be prompted to do so. To configure your OAuth consent screen, see Setting up your OAuth consent screen.

Setting up IAP access

1. Go to the Identity-Aware Proxy page.
   Go to the Identity-Aware Proxy page
2. Select the project you want to secure with IAP.
3. Select the checkbox next to the resource you want to grant access to.
4. On the right side panel, click Add principal.
5. In the Add principals dialog that appears, enter the email addresses of groups or individuals who should have the IAP-secured Web App User role for the project.

   The following kinds of principals can have this role:

   • Google Account: [e-mail]
   • Google Group: [e-mail]
   • Service account: [e-mail]
   • Google Workspace domain: example.com

   Make sure to add a Google Account that you have access to.

6. Select Cloud IAP > IAP-secured Web App User from the Roles drop-down list.
7. Click Save.

Turning on IAP

1. On the Identity-Aware Proxy page, under APPLICATIONS, find the application you want to restrict access to. To turn on IAP for a resource, toggle the on/off switch in the IAP column.
   
2. In the Turn on IAP window that appears, click Turn On to confirm that you want IAP to secure your resource. After you turn on IAP, it requires login credentials for all connections to your load balancer. Only accounts with the IAP-Secured Web App User role on the project will be given access.

gcloud

Before you set up your project and IAP, you need an up-to-date version of the gcloud CLI. For instructions on how to install the gcloud CLI, see Install the gcloud CLI.

1. To authenticate, use the Google Cloud CLI and run the following command.

   gcloud auth login

2. Click the URL that appears and sign in.
3. After you sign in, copy the verification code that appears and paste it in the command line.
4. Run the following command to specify the project that contains the applications that you want to protect with IAP.

   gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

5. To enable IAP, run the following command.

   gcloud iap web enable --resource-type=app-engine --versions=version

6. Add principals who should have the IAP-secured Web App user role to the project.

   gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID \
          --member=PRINCIPAL_IDENTIFIER \
          --role=roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor

   • Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
   • Replace PRINCIPAL_IDENTIFIER with the necessary principals. This can be a type of domain, group, serviceAccount, or user. For example, user:[e-mail].

After you enable IAP, you can use the gcloud CLI to modify the IAP access policy using the IAM role roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor. Learn more about managing roles and permissions.

API

1. Run the following command to prepare a settings.json file.

   cat << EOF > settings.json
   {
   "iap":
     {
       "enabled":true
     }
   }
   EOF
   

2. Run the following command to enable IAP.

   curl -X PATCH \
   -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
   -H "Accept: application/json" \
   -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
   -d @settings.json \
   "https://appengine.googleapis.com/v1/apps/PROJECT_ID?updateMask=iap"
   

After you enable IAP, you can use the Google Cloud CLI to modify the IAP access policy using the IAM role roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor. Learn more about managing roles and permissions.

注意：当 App Engine 应用包含多项服务时，如需将部分服务设为可公开访问，并将其他服务设为受限，请在整个应用上启用 IAP，然后向应为可公开访问的服务中的“allUsers”或“allAuthenticatedUsers”授予 IAP-secured Web App User 角色。

基于角色的访问权限： 如果您是项目所有者，您可能会认为自己获得了 自动获得对该应用的访问权限但情况并非如此，因为只有采用 将授予此项目的 IAP-secured Web App User 角色 访问权限。假设您在一家 IT 公司实施对人力资源付费系统进行 IAP 访问。在大多数情况下，只有 Payroll 团队的员工才应有权访问该应用。这就是基于角色的访问权限更安全的原因之一。项目的所有者（或编辑者等）可以管理项目的所有方面，但不会自动获得应用访问权限。

测试用户身份验证

1. 使用您添加到 IAP 且拥有 IAP-secured Web App User 角色的 Google 账号访问应用网址，如上所述。您应该对该应用具有不受限制的访问权限。

2. 使用 Chrome 中的无痕式窗口访问该应用，并根据提示登录。如果您尝试使用未经 IAP-secured Web App User 角色授权的账号访问该应用，则会看到一条消息，提示您无权访问。

后续步骤

• 了解如何获取用户的身份，以及如何开发自己的 App Engine 应用。