Creating and managing FHIR resources

This page explains how to create, update, patch, view, list, retrieve, and delete FHIR resources.

A FHIR resource can contain data about a patient, a device, an observation, and more. For a full list of FHIR resources, see the FHIR Resource Index (DSTU2, or R4).

The curl and PowerShell samples in this page work with an R4 FHIR store, and are not guaranteed to work if you're using a DSTU2 or STU3 FHIR store. If you're using a DSTU2 or STU3 FHIR store, consult the official FHIR documentation at https://www.hl7.org/fhir/ for information on how to convert the samples to the FHIR version you're using.

The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with an STU3 FHIR store.

Creating a FHIR resource

Before you can create FHIR resources, you need to create a FHIR store.

The curl, PowerShell, and Python samples show how to create the following FHIR resources:

A Patient (DSTU2, STU3, and R4) resource
An Encounter (DSTU2, STU3, and R4) resource for the Patient
An Observation (DSTU2, STU3, and R4) resource for the Encounter

The samples for all other languages show how to create a generic FHIR resource.

For more information, see projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.create.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID

Request JSON body:

{
  "name": [
    {
      "use": "official",
      "family": "Smith",
      "given": [
        "Darcy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "birthDate": "1970-01-01",
  "resourceType": "Patient"
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to the gcloud CLI with your user account by executing gcloud init or gcloud auth login, or by using Cloud Shell, which automatically logs you into the gcloud CLI. You can check the currently active account by executing gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
{
  "name": [
    {
      "use": "official",
      "family": "Smith",
      "given": [
        "Darcy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "birthDate": "1970-01-01",
  "resourceType": "Patient"
}
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X POST \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/fhir+json" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Patient"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
{
  "name": [
    {
      "use": "official",
      "family": "Smith",
      "given": [
        "Darcy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "gender": "female",
  "birthDate": "1970-01-01",
  "resourceType": "Patient"
}
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/fhir+json" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Patient" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "birthDate": "1970-01-01",
  "gender": "female",
  "id": "PATIENT_ID",
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "name": [
    {
      "family": "Smith",
      "given": [
        "Darcy"
      ],
      "use": "official"
    }
  ],
  "resourceType": "Patient"
}

Go

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import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// createFHIRResource creates an FHIR resource.
func createFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	payload := map[string]interface{}{
		"resourceType": resourceType,
		"language":     "FR",
	}
	jsonPayload, err := json.Marshal(payload)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("json.Encode: %v", err)
	}

	parent := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID)

	call := fhirService.Create(parent, resourceType, bytes.NewReader(jsonPayload))
	call.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8")
	resp, err := call.Do()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Create: %v", err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Create: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcare;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcareScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class FhirResourceCreate {
  private static final String FHIR_NAME = "projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s";
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JacksonFactory();
  private static final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = new NetHttpTransport();

  public static void fhirResourceCreate(String fhirStoreName, String resourceType)
      throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    // String fhirStoreName =
    //    String.format(
    //        FHIR_NAME, "your-project-id", "your-region-id", "your-dataset-id", "your-fhir-id");
    // String resourceType = "Patient";

    // Initialize the client, which will be used to interact with the service.
    CloudHealthcare client = createClient();
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    String uri = String.format("%sv1/%s/fhir/%s", client.getRootUrl(), fhirStoreName, resourceType);
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri).setParameter("access_token", getAccessToken());
    StringEntity requestEntity =
        new StringEntity("{\"resourceType\": \"" + resourceType + "\", \"language\": \"en\"}");

    HttpUriRequest request =
        RequestBuilder.post()
            .setUri(uriBuilder.build())
            .setEntity(requestEntity)
            .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json")
            .addHeader("Accept-Charset", "utf-8")
            .addHeader("Accept", "application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8")
            .build();

    // Execute the request and process the results.
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_CREATED) {
      System.err.print(
          String.format(
              "Exception creating FHIR resource: %s\n", response.getStatusLine().toString()));
      responseEntity.writeTo(System.err);
      throw new RuntimeException();
    }
    System.out.print("FHIR resource created: ");
    responseEntity.writeTo(System.out);
  }

  private static CloudHealthcare createClient() throws IOException {
    // Use Application Default Credentials (ADC) to authenticate the requests
    // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Create a HttpRequestInitializer, which will provide a baseline configuration to all requests.
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
        request -> {
          new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential).initialize(request);
          request.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 1 minute connect timeout
          request.setReadTimeout(60000); // 1 minute read timeout
        };

    // Build the client for interacting with the service.
    return new CloudHealthcare.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("your-application-name")
        .build();
  }

  private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    return credential.refreshAccessToken().getTokenValue();
  }
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
  headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/fhir+json'},
});

async function createFhirResource() {
  // Replace the following body with the data for the resource you want to
  // create.
  const body = {
    name: [{use: 'official', family: 'Smith', given: ['Darcy']}],
    gender: 'female',
    birthDate: '1970-01-01',
    resourceType: 'Patient',
  };

  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const resourceType = 'Patient';
  const parent = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}`;

  const request = {parent, type: resourceType, requestBody: body};
  const resource =
    await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.create(
      request
    );
  console.log(`Created FHIR resource with ID ${resource.data.id}`);
  console.log(resource.data);
}

createFhirResource();

Python

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def create_patient(project_id, location, dataset_id, fhir_store_id):
    """Creates a new Patient resource in a FHIR store.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    fhir_store_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/Patient".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
    )

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    body = {
        "name": [{"use": "official", "family": "Smith", "given": ["Darcy"]}],
        "gender": "female",
        "birthDate": "1970-01-01",
        "resourceType": "Patient",
    }

    response = session.post(fhir_store_path, headers=headers, json=body)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print("Created Patient resource with ID {}".format(resource["id"]))

    return response

After creating the Patient resource, create an Encounter resource to describe an interaction between the patient and a practitioner.

In the PATIENT_ID field, substitute the ID from the response returned by the server when you created the Patient resource.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Python sample works with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
PATIENT_ID: the response returned by the server when you created the Patient resource

Request JSON body:

{
  "status": "finished",
  "class": {
    "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ActCode",
    "code": "IMP",
    "display": "inpatient encounter"
  },
  "reasonCode": [
    {
      "text": "The patient had an abnormal heart rate. She was concerned about this."
    }
  ],
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Encounter"
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
{
  "status": "finished",
  "class": {
    "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ActCode",
    "code": "IMP",
    "display": "inpatient encounter"
  },
  "reasonCode": [
    {
      "text": "The patient had an abnormal heart rate. She was concerned about this."
    }
  ],
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Encounter"
}
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X POST \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/fhir+json" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Encounter"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
{
  "status": "finished",
  "class": {
    "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ActCode",
    "code": "IMP",
    "display": "inpatient encounter"
  },
  "reasonCode": [
    {
      "text": "The patient had an abnormal heart rate. She was concerned about this."
    }
  ],
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Encounter"
}
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/fhir+json" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Encounter" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "class": {
    "code": "IMP",
    "display": "inpatient encounter",
    "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ActCode"
  },
  "id": "ENCOUNTER_ID",
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "reasonCode": [
    {
      "text": "The patient had an abnormal heart rate. She was concerned about this."
    }
  ],
  "resourceType": "Encounter",
  "status": "finished",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  }
}

Python

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def create_encounter(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    patient_id,
):
    """Creates a new Encounter resource in a FHIR store based on a Patient.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store'  # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # patient_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the associated Patient resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    fhir_store_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/Encounter".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
    )

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    body = {
        "status": "finished",
        "class": {
            "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ActCode",
            "code": "IMP",
            "display": "inpatient encounter",
        },
        "reason": [
            {
                "text": "The patient had an abnormal heart rate. She was"
                " concerned about this."
            }
        ],
        "subject": {"reference": "Patient/{}".format(patient_id)},
        "resourceType": "Encounter",
    }

    response = session.post(fhir_store_path, headers=headers, json=body)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print("Created Encounter resource with ID {}".format(resource["id"]))

    return response

After creating the Encounter resource, create an Observation resource associated with the Encounter resource. The Observation resource provides a measurement of the patient's heart rate in beats per minute (BPM) (80 in bpm).

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Python sample works with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
PATIENT_ID: the ID in the response returned by the server when you created the Patient resource
ENCOUNTER_ID: the ID in the response returned by the server when you created the Encounter resource

Request JSON body:

{
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://loinc.org",
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate"
      }
    ]
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "value": 80,
    "unit": "bpm"
  },
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  }
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
{
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://loinc.org",
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate"
      }
    ]
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "value": 80,
    "unit": "bpm"
  },
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  }
}
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X POST \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/fhir+json" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
{
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://loinc.org",
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate"
      }
    ]
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "value": 80,
    "unit": "bpm"
  },
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  }
}
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/fhir+json" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate",
        "system": "http://loinc.org"
      }
    ]
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  },
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": 80
  }
}

Python

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def create_observation(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    patient_id,
    encounter_id,
):
    """
    Creates a new Observation resource in a FHIR store based on
    an Encounter.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # patient_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the associated Patient resource's ID
    # encounter_id = 'a7602f-ffba-470a-a5c1-103f993c6  # replace with the associated Encounter resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    fhir_store_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/Observation".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
    )

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    body = {
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "code": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://loinc.org",
                    "code": "8867-4",
                    "display": "Heart rate",
                }
            ]
        },
        "status": "final",
        "subject": {"reference": "Patient/{}".format(patient_id)},
        "effectiveDateTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "valueQuantity": {"value": 80, "unit": "bpm"},
        "context": {"reference": "Encounter/{}".format(encounter_id)},
    }

    response = session.post(fhir_store_path, headers=headers, json=body)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print("Created Observation resource with ID {}".format(resource["id"]))

    return response

Updating a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to use the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.update method to update a FHIR resource. The method implements the FHIR standard update interaction (DSTU2, STU3, and R4).

When you update a resource, you update the entire contents of the resource. This is in contrast to patching a resource, which updates only part of a resource.

If the FHIR store has enableUpdateCreate set, the request is treated as an upsert (update or insert) that updates the resource if it exists or inserts it using the ID specified the request if it does not exist.

The request body must contain a JSON-encoded FHIR resource and the request headers must contain Content-Type: application/fhir+json. The resource must contain an id element having an identical value to the ID in the REST path of the request.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

The following samples show how to update the beats per minute (BPM) in an Observation resource.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
OBSERVATION_ID: the Observation resource ID
PATIENT_ID: the Patient resource ID
ENCOUNTER_ID: the Encounter resource ID
BPM_VALUE: the beats per minute (BPM) value in the updated Observation resource

Request JSON body:

{
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://loinc.org",
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate"
      }
    ]
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "value": BPM_VALUE,
    "unit": "bpm"
  },
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  }
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
{
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://loinc.org",
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate"
      }
    ]
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "value": BPM_VALUE,
    "unit": "bpm"
  },
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  }
}
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X PUT \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
{
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "system": "http://loinc.org",
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate"
      }
    ]
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "value": BPM_VALUE,
    "unit": "bpm"
  },
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  }
}
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method PUT `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID" | Select-Object -Expand Content

API Explorer

Copy the request body and open the method reference page. The API Explorer panel opens on the right side of the page. You can interact with this tool to send requests. Paste the request body in this tool, complete any other required fields, and click Execute.

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate",
        "system": "http://loinc.org"
      }
    ]
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  },
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
}

Go

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import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// updateFHIRResource updates an FHIR resource to be active or not.
func updateFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID string, active bool) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	// The following payload works with a Patient resource and is not
	// intended to work with other types of FHIR resources. If necessary,
	// supply a new payload with data that corresponds to the FHIR resource
	// you are updating.
	payload := map[string]interface{}{
		"resourceType": resourceType,
		"id":           fhirResourceID,
		"active":       active,
	}
	jsonPayload, err := json.Marshal(payload)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("json.Encode: %v", err)
	}

	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID)

	call := fhirService.Update(name, bytes.NewReader(jsonPayload))
	call.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8")
	resp, err := call.Do()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Update: %v", err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Update: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
  headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/fhir+json'},
});

const updateFhirResource = async () => {
  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const resourceType = 'Patient';
  // const resourceId = '16e8a860-33b3-49be-9b03-de979feed14a';
  const name = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}/fhir/${resourceType}/${resourceId}`;
  // The following body works with a Patient resource and is not intended
  // to work with other types of FHIR resources. If necessary, supply a new
  // body with data that corresponds to the FHIR resource you are updating.
  const body = {resourceType: resourceType, id: resourceId, active: true};
  const request = {name, requestBody: body};

  const resource =
    await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.update(
      request
    );
  console.log(`Updated ${resourceType} resource:\n`, resource.data);
};

updateFhirResource();

Python

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def update_resource(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    resource_type,
    resource_id,
):
    """Updates an existing resource.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # resource_type = 'Patient'  # replace with the FHIR resource type
    # resource_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the FHIR resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/{}/{}".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id, resource_type, resource_id
    )

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    # The body shown works with a Patient resource and is not guaranteed
    # to work with other types of FHIR resources. If necessary,
    # supply a new body with data that corresponds to the resource you
    # are updating.
    body = {"resourceType": resource_type, "active": True, "id": resource_id}

    response = session.put(resource_path, headers=headers, json=body)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print("Updated {} resource:".format(resource["resourceType"]))
    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Conditionally updating a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to call the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.conditionalUpdate method to update a FHIR resource that matches a search query, rather than identifying the resource by its ID. The method implements the FHIR standard conditional update interaction (DSTU2, STU3, and R4).

A conditional update can be applied to only one resource at a time.

The response returned from the server depends on how many matches occur based on the search criteria:

One match: The resource is successfully updated or an error is returned.
More than one match: The request returns a 412 Precondition Failed error.
Zero matches with an id: If the search criteria identify zero matches, the supplied resource body contains an id, and the FHIR store has enableUpdateCreate set, the resource is created with a server-assigned ID similar to if the resource was created using projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.create. The id is ignored.
Zero matches without an id: If the search criteria identify zero matches and the supplied resource body does not contain an id, the resource is created with a server-assigned ID similar to if the resource was created using projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.create.

The request body must contain a JSON-encoded FHIR resource and the request headers must contain Content-Type: application/fhir+json.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

The following sample shows how to send a PUT request using curl and PowerShell to edit an Observation resource using the Observation's identifier (ABC-12345 in my-code-system). The Observation provides a measurement of a patient's heartbeats per minute (BPM).

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
PATIENT_ID: the ID in the response returned by the server when you created the Patient resource
BPM_VALUE: the beats per minute (BPM) value in the Observation resource

Request JSON body:

{
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "identifier": [
      {
          "system": "my-code-system",
          "value": "ABC-12345"
      }
  ],
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
      "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
      "unit": "bpm",
      "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
{
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "identifier": [
      {
          "system": "my-code-system",
          "value": "ABC-12345"
      }
  ],
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
      "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
      "unit": "bpm",
      "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
}
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X PUT \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation?identifier=my-code-system|ABC-12345"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
{
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "identifier": [
      {
          "system": "my-code-system",
          "value": "ABC-12345"
      }
  ],
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
      "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
      "unit": "bpm",
      "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
}
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method PUT `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation?identifier=my-code-system|ABC-12345" | Select-Object -Expand Content

API Explorer

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
}

Go

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import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"time"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1beta1"
)

// queryParamOpt is a googleapi.Option (https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/api/googleapi#CallOption)
// that adds query parameters to an API call.
type queryParamOpt struct {
	key, value string
}

func (qp queryParamOpt) Get() (string, string) { return qp.key, qp.value }

// ConditionalUpdateFHIRResource conditionally updates an FHIR resource.
func ConditionalUpdateFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType string, active bool) error {
	// projectID := "my-project"
	// location := "us-central1"
	// datasetID := "my-dataset"
	// fhirStoreID := "my-fhir-store"
	// resourceType := "Patient"
	// active := true

	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	parent := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID)

	payload := map[string]interface{}{
		"resourceType": resourceType,
		"active":       active,
	}
	jsonPayload, err := json.Marshal(payload)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("json.Encode: %v", err)
	}

	call := fhirService.ConditionalUpdate(parent, resourceType, bytes.NewReader(jsonPayload))

	call.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json")

	// Refine your search by appending tags to the request in the form of query
	// parameters. This searches for resources updated in the last 48 hours.
	twoDaysAgo := time.Now().Add(-48 * time.Hour).Format("2006-01-02")
	lastUpdated := queryParamOpt{key: "_lastUpdated", value: "gt" + twoDaysAgo}

	resp, err := call.Do(lastUpdated)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("ConditionalUpdate: %v", err)
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("ConditionalUpdate: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Python

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def conditional_update_resource(
    service_account_json,
    base_url,
    project_id,
    cloud_region,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    patient_id,
    encounter_id,
):
    """
    If a resource is found based on the search criteria specified in
    the query parameters, updates the entire contents of that resource.
    """
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, cloud_region)

    # The search query in this request updates all Observations
    # using the Observation's identifier (ABC-12345 in my-code-system)
    # so that their 'status' is 'cancelled'.
    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/Observation".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
    )

    # Make an authenticated API request
    session = get_session(service_account_json)

    body = {
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "cancelled",
        "subject": {"reference": "Patient/{}".format(patient_id)},
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "code": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://loinc.org",
                    "code": "8867-4",
                    "display": "Heart rate",
                }
            ]
        },
        "valueQuantity": {"value": 55, "unit": "bpm"},
        "encounter": {"reference": "Encounter/{}".format(encounter_id)},
    }

    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    params = {"identifier": "my-code-system|ABC-12345"}

    response = session.put(resource_path, headers=headers, params=params, json=body)

    response.raise_for_status()
    resource = response.json()

    print(
        "Conditionally updated Observations with the identifier "
        "'my-code-system|ABC-12345' to have a 'status' of "
        "'cancelled'."
    )
    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Patching a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to call the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.patch method to patch a FHIR resource. The method implements the FHIR standard patch interaction (DSTU2, STU3, and R4).

When you patch a resource, you update part of the resource by applying the operations specified in a JSON Patch document.

The request must contain a JSON patch document, and the request headers must contain Content-Type: application/json-patch+json.

The following samples show how to patch an Observation resource. The Observation of a patient's heartbeats per minute (BPM) is updated using the replace patch operation.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
OBSERVATION_ID: the Observation resource ID
BPM_VALUE: the beats per minute (BPM) value in the patched Observation resource

Request JSON body:

[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/valueQuantity/value",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
]

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/valueQuantity/value",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
]
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X PATCH \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json-patch+json" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/valueQuantity/value",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
]
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method PATCH `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json-patch+json" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate",
        "system": "http://loinc.org"
      }
    ]
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  },
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
}

Go

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import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// patchFHIRResource patches an FHIR resource to be active or not.
func patchFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID string, active bool) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	// The following payload works with a Patient resource and is not intended to work with
	// other types of FHIR resources. If necessary, supply a new payload with data that
	// corresponds to the FHIR resource you are patching.
	payload := []map[string]interface{}{
		{
			"op":    "replace",
			"path":  "/active",
			"value": active,
		},
	}
	jsonPayload, err := json.Marshal(payload)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("json.Encode: %v", err)
	}

	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID)

	call := fhirService.Patch(name, bytes.NewReader(jsonPayload))
	call.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json-patch+json")
	resp, err := call.Do()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Patch: %v", err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Patch: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcare;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcareScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class FhirResourcePatch {
  private static final String FHIR_NAME =
      "projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s";
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JacksonFactory();
  private static final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = new NetHttpTransport();

  public static void fhirResourcePatch(String resourceName, String data)
      throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    // String resourceName =
    //    String.format(
    //        FHIR_NAME, "project-id", "region-id", "dataset-id", "store-id", "resource-type",
    // "resource-id");
    // The following data works with a Patient resource and is not intended to work with
    // other types of FHIR resources. If necessary, supply new values for data that
    // correspond to the FHIR resource you are patching.
    // String data = "[{\"op\": \"replace\", \"path\": \"/active\", \"value\": false}]";

    // Initialize the client, which will be used to interact with the service.
    CloudHealthcare client = createClient();

    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    String uri = String.format("%sv1/%s", client.getRootUrl(), resourceName);
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri).setParameter("access_token", getAccessToken());
    StringEntity requestEntity = new StringEntity(data);

    HttpUriRequest request =
        RequestBuilder.patch(uriBuilder.build())
            .setEntity(requestEntity)
            .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json-patch+json")
            .addHeader("Accept-Charset", "utf-8")
            .addHeader("Accept", "application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8")
            .build();

    // Execute the request and process the results.
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      System.err.print(
          String.format(
              "Exception patching FHIR resource: %s\n", response.getStatusLine().toString()));
      responseEntity.writeTo(System.err);
      throw new RuntimeException();
    }
    System.out.println("FHIR resource patched: ");
    responseEntity.writeTo(System.out);
  }

  private static CloudHealthcare createClient() throws IOException {
    // Use Application Default Credentials (ADC) to authenticate the requests
    // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Create a HttpRequestInitializer, which will provide a baseline configuration to all requests.
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
        request -> {
          new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential).initialize(request);
          request.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 1 minute connect timeout
          request.setReadTimeout(60000); // 1 minute read timeout
        };

    // Build the client for interacting with the service.
    return new CloudHealthcare.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("your-application-name")
        .build();
  }

  private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    return credential.refreshAccessToken().getTokenValue();
  }
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
  headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json-patch+json'},
});

async function patchFhirResource() {
  // TODO(developer): replace patchOptions with your desired JSON patch body
  const patchOptions = [{op: 'replace', path: '/active', value: false}];

  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const resourceType = 'Patient';
  // const resourceId = '16e8a860-33b3-49be-9b03-de979feed14a';
  const name = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}/fhir/${resourceType}/${resourceId}`;
  const request = {
    name,
    requestBody: patchOptions,
  };

  await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.patch(request);
  console.log(`Patched ${resourceType} resource`);
}

patchFhirResource();

Python

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def patch_resource(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    resource_type,
    resource_id,
):
    """Updates part of an existing resource.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # resource_type = 'Patient'  # replace with the FHIR resource type
    # resource_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the FHIR resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/{}/{}".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id, resource_type, resource_id
    )

    # Sets required application/json-patch+json header.
    # See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902 for more information.
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json-patch+json"}

    # The body shown works with a Patient resource and is not guaranteed
    # to work with other types of FHIR resources. If necessary,
    # supply a new body with data that corresponds to the resource you
    # are patching.
    body = json.dumps([{"op": "replace", "path": "/active", "value": False}])

    response = session.patch(resource_path, headers=headers, data=body)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print("Patched {} resource:".format(resource["resourceType"]))
    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Executing a `PATCH` request in a FHIR bundle

You can a specify a PATCH request in a FHIR bundle (FHIR R4 only). Executing PATCH request in a FHIR bundle allows you to patch many FHIR resources at once, rather than having to make individual patch requests for each FHIR resource.

To make a PATCH request in a bundle, specify the following information in a resource object in the request:

A resourceType field set to Binary
A contentType field set to application/json-patch+json
The patch body encoded in base64

Ensure that the resource object looks like the following:

"resource": {
  "resourceType": "Binary",
  "contentType": "application/json-patch+json",
  "data": "WyB7ICJvcCI6ICJyZXBsYWNlIiwgInBhdGgiOiAiL2JpcnRoRGF0ZSIsICJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIxOTkwLTAxLTAxIiB9IF0K"
}

The following shows the patch body that was encoded to base64 in the data field:

[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/birthdate",
    "value": "1990-01-01"
  }
]

The following samples show how to use a PATCH request in a bundle to patch the Patient resource you created in Creating a FHIR resource to have a birthDate value of 1990-01-01:

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: your Google Cloud project ID
LOCATION: the location of the parent dataset
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
PATIENT_ID: the ID of an existing Patient resource

Request JSON body:

{
  "type": "transaction",
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "entry": [
    {
      "request": {
        "method": "PATCH",
        "url": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
      },
      "resource": {
        "resourceType": "Binary",
        "contentType": "application/json-patch+json",
        "data": "WyB7ICJvcCI6ICJyZXBsYWNlIiwgInBhdGgiOiAiL2JpcnRoRGF0ZSIsICJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIxOTkwLTAxLTAxIiB9IF0K"
      }
    }
  ]
}

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
{
  "type": "transaction",
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "entry": [
    {
      "request": {
        "method": "PATCH",
        "url": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
      },
      "resource": {
        "resourceType": "Binary",
        "contentType": "application/json-patch+json",
        "data": "WyB7ICJvcCI6ICJyZXBsYWNlIiwgInBhdGgiOiAiL2JpcnRoRGF0ZSIsICJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIxOTkwLTAxLTAxIiB9IF0K"
      }
    }
  ]
}
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X POST \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/fhir+json" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
{
  "type": "transaction",
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "entry": [
    {
      "request": {
        "method": "PATCH",
        "url": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
      },
      "resource": {
        "resourceType": "Binary",
        "contentType": "application/json-patch+json",
        "data": "WyB7ICJvcCI6ICJyZXBsYWNlIiwgInBhdGgiOiAiL2JpcnRoRGF0ZSIsICJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIxOTkwLTAxLTAxIiB9IF0K"
      }
    }
  ]
}
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/fhir+json" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "entry": [
    {
      "response": {
        "etag": "W/\"MTY0ODgzNjY5MjQyODAxMzAwMA\"",
        "lastModified": "LAST_MODIFIED",
        "location": "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Patient/PATIENT_ID",
        "status": "200 OK"
      }
    }
  ],
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "type": "transaction-response"
}

Conditionally patching a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to call the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.conditionalPatch method to patch a FHIR resource that matches a search query, rather than identifying the resource by its ID. The method implements the FHIR standard conditional patch interaction (DSTU2, STU3, and R4).

A conditional patch can be applied to only one resource at a time. If the search criteria identify more than one match, the request returns a 412 Precondition Failed error.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

The following sample shows how to send a PATCH request using curl and PowerShell to edit an Observation resource if the identifier of the Observation resource is ABC-12345 in my-code-system. The Observation of a patient's heartbeats per minute (BPM) is updated using the replace patch operation.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
BPM_VALUE: the beats per minute (BPM) value in the Observation resource

Request JSON body:

[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/valueQuantity/value",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
]

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

cat > request.json << 'EOF'
[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/valueQuantity/value",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
]
EOF

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

curl -X PATCH \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json-patch+json" \
    -d @request.json \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation?identifier=my-code-system|ABC-12345"

PowerShell

Save the request body in a file called request.json. Run the following command in the terminal to create or overwrite this file in the current directory:

@'
[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/valueQuantity/value",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
]
'@  | Out-File -FilePath request.json -Encoding utf8

Then execute the following command to send your REST request:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method PATCH `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json-patch+json" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation?identifier=my-code-system|ABC-12345" | Select-Object -Expand Content

API Explorer

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "effectiveDateTime": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": BPM_VALUE
  }
}

Go

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import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"time"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1beta1"
)

// queryParamOpt is a googleapi.Option (https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/api/googleapi#CallOption)
// that adds query parameters to an API call.
type queryParamOpt struct {
	key, value string
}

func (qp queryParamOpt) Get() (string, string) { return qp.key, qp.value }

// ConditionalPatchFHIRResource conditionally patches an FHIR resource.
func ConditionalPatchFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType string, active bool) error {
	// projectID := "my-project"
	// location := "us-central1"
	// datasetID := "my-dataset"
	// fhirStoreID := "my-fhir-store"
	// resourceType := "Patient"
	// active := true

	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	parent := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID)

	payload := []map[string]interface{}{
		{
			"op":    "replace",
			"path":  "/active",
			"value": active,
		},
	}
	jsonPayload, err := json.Marshal(payload)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("json.Encode: %v", err)
	}

	call := fhirService.ConditionalPatch(parent, resourceType, bytes.NewReader(jsonPayload))

	call.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json-patch+json")

	// Refine your search by appending tags to the request in the form of query
	// parameters. This searches for resources updated in the last 48 hours.
	twoDaysAgo := time.Now().Add(-48 * time.Hour).Format("2006-01-02")
	lastUpdated := queryParamOpt{key: "_lastUpdated", value: "gt" + twoDaysAgo}

	resp, err := call.Do(lastUpdated)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("ConditionalPatch: %v", err)
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("ConditionalPatch: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Python

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def conditional_patch_resource(
    service_account_json, base_url, project_id, cloud_region, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
):
    """
    If a resource is found based on the search criteria specified in
    the query parameters, updates part of that resource by
    applying the operations specified in a JSON Patch document.
    """
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, cloud_region)

    # The search query in this request updates all Observations
    # if the subject of the Observation is a particular patient.
    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/Observation".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
    )

    # Make an authenticated API request
    session = get_session(service_account_json)

    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json-patch+json"}

    body = json.dumps(
        [
            {
                "op": "replace",
                "path": "/valueQuantity/value",
                # Sets the BPM for all matching Observations to 80. This
                # is the portion of the request being patched.
                "value": 80,
            }
        ]
    )

    # The search query is passed in as a query string parameter.
    params = {"identifier": "my-code-system|ABC-12345"}

    response = session.patch(resource_path, headers=headers, params=params, data=body)
    response.raise_for_status()

    print(response.url)

    resource = response.json()

    print(
        "Conditionally patched all Observations with the "
        "identifier 'my-code-system|ABC-12345' to use a BPM of 80."
    )
    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Getting a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to use the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.read method to get the contents of a FHIR resource.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

Console

To get the contents of a FHIR resource, follow these steps:

In the Google Cloud console, go to the FHIR viewer page.

Go to the FHIR viewer
In the FHIR Store drop-down list, select a dataset, and then select a FHIR store in the dataset.
To filter the list of resource types, search for the resource types that you want to display.
Click the Resource Type field.
In the Properties drop-down list that appears, select Resource Type.
Enter a resource type.
To search for another resource type, select OR from the Operators drop-down list that appears, and then enter another resource type.
In the list of resource types, select the resource type for the resource that you want to get the contents of.
In the table of resources that appears, select or search for a resource.

REST

The following samples show how to get the details of the Observation resource created in a previous section.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
OBSERVATION_ID: the Observation resource ID

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID"

PowerShell

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method GET `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID" | Select-Object -Expand Content

API Explorer

Open the method reference page. The API Explorer panel opens on the right side of the page. You can interact with this tool to send requests. Complete any required fields and click Execute.

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "code": {
    "coding": [
      {
        "code": "8867-4",
        "display": "Heart rate",
        "system": "http://loinc.org"
      }
    ]
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  },
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "identifier": [
    {
      "system": "my-code-system",
      "value": "ABC-12345"
    }
  ],
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ",
    "versionId": "VERSION_ID"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": 80
  }
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// getFHIRResource gets an FHIR resource.
func getFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID)

	call := fhirService.Read(name)
	call.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8")
	resp, err := call.Do()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Read: %v", err)
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Read: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcare;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcareScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class FhirResourceGet {
  private static final String FHIR_NAME =
      "projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s";
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JacksonFactory();
  private static final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = new NetHttpTransport();

  public static void fhirResourceGet(String resourceName) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    // String resourceName =
    //    String.format(
    //        FHIR_NAME, "project-id", "region-id", "dataset-id", "store-id", "resource-type",
    //  "resource-id");

    // Initialize the client, which will be used to interact with the service.
    CloudHealthcare client = createClient();
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    String uri = String.format("%sv1/%s", client.getRootUrl(), resourceName);
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri).setParameter("access_token", getAccessToken());

    HttpUriRequest request = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(uriBuilder.build()).build();

    // Execute the request and process the results.
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      String errorMessage =
          String.format(
              "Exception retrieving FHIR resource: %s\n", response.getStatusLine().toString());
      System.err.print(errorMessage);
      responseEntity.writeTo(System.err);
      throw new RuntimeException(errorMessage);
    }
    System.out.println("FHIR resource retrieved: ");
    responseEntity.writeTo(System.out);
  }

  private static CloudHealthcare createClient() throws IOException {
    // Use Application Default Credentials (ADC) to authenticate the requests
    // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Create a HttpRequestInitializer, which will provide a baseline configuration to all requests.
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
        request -> {
          new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential).initialize(request);
          request.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 1 minute connect timeout
          request.setReadTimeout(60000); // 1 minute read timeout
        };

    // Build the client for interacting with the service.
    return new CloudHealthcare.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("your-application-name")
        .build();
  }

  private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    return credential.refreshAccessToken().getTokenValue();
  }
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
});

const getFhirResource = async () => {
  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const resourceType = 'Patient';
  // const resourceId = '16e8a860-33b3-49be-9b03-de979feed14a';
  const name = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}/fhir/${resourceType}/${resourceId}`;
  const request = {name};

  const resource =
    await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.read(
      request
    );
  console.log(`Got ${resourceType} resource:\n`, resource.data);
};

getFhirResource();

Python

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def get_resource(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    resource_type,
    resource_id,
):
    """Gets a FHIR resource.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # resource_type = 'Patient'  # replace with the FHIR resource type
    # resource_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the FHIR resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/{}/{}".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id, resource_type, resource_id
    )

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    response = session.get(resource_path, headers=headers)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print("Got {} resource:".format(resource["resourceType"]))
    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Getting all patient compartment resources

The following samples show how to get all resources associated with a particular patient compartment (DSTU2, STU3, and R4). For more information, see projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.Patient-everything.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

curl

To get the resources in a patient compartment, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The patient's ID
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using curl:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
     "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Patient/PATIENT_ID/\$everything"

If the request is successful, the server returns a response similar to the following sample in JSON format:

{
  "entry": [
    {
      "resource": {
        "birthDate": "1970-01-01",
        "gender": "female",
        "id": "PATIENT_ID",
        "name": [
          {
            "family": "Smith",
            "given": [
              "Darcy"
            ],
            "use": "official"
          }
        ],
        "resourceType": "Patient"
      }
    },
    {
      "resource": {
        "class": {
          "code": "IMP",
          "display": "inpatient encounter",
          "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ActCode"
        },
        "id": "ENCOUNTER_ID",
        "reasonCode": [
          {
            "text": "The patient had an abnormal heart rate. She was concerned about this."
          }
        ],
        "resourceType": "Encounter",
        "status": "finished",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "resource": {
        "encounter": {
          "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
        },
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        },
        "valueQuantity": {
          "unit": "bpm",
          "value": BPM_VALUE
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "type": "searchset"
}

PowerShell

To get the resources in a patient compartment, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The patient's ID
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using PowerShell:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-RestMethod `
  -Method Get `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri 'https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Patient/RESOURCE_ID/$everything' | ConvertTo-Json

If the request is successful, the server returns a response similar to the following sample in JSON format:

{
  "entry": [
    {
      "resource": {
        "birthDate": "1970-01-01",
        "gender": "female",
        "id": "PATIENT_ID",
        "name": [
          {
            "family": "Smith",
            "given": [
              "Darcy"
            ],
            "use": "official"
          }
        ],
        "resourceType": "Patient"
      }
    },
    {
      "resource": {
        "class": {
          "code": "IMP",
          "display": "inpatient encounter",
          "system": "http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/ActCode"
        },
        "id": "ENCOUNTER_ID",
        "reasonCode": [
          {
            "text": "The patient had an abnormal heart rate. She was concerned about this."
          }
        ],
        "resourceType": "Encounter",
        "status": "finished",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "resource": {
        "encounter": {
          "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
        },
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        },
        "valueQuantity": {
          "unit": "bpm",
          "value": BPM_VALUE
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "type": "searchset"
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// fhirGetPatientEverything gets all resources associated with a particular
// patient compartment.
func fhirGetPatientEverything(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, fhirResourceID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}
	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir
	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/Patient/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, fhirResourceID)

	resp, err := fhirService.PatientEverything(name).Do()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("PatientEverything: %v", err)
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("PatientEverything: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcare;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcareScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class FhirResourceGetPatientEverything {
  private static final String FHIR_NAME =
      "projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/Patient/%s";
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JacksonFactory();
  private static final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = new NetHttpTransport();

  public static void fhirResourceGetPatientEverything(String resourceName)
      throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    // String resourceName =
    //    String.format(
    //        FHIR_NAME, "project-id", "region-id", "dataset-id", "store-id", "patient-id");

    // Initialize the client, which will be used to interact with the service.
    CloudHealthcare client = createClient();

    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    String uri = String.format("%sv1/%s/$everything", client.getRootUrl(), resourceName);
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri).setParameter("access_token", getAccessToken());

    HttpUriRequest request =
        RequestBuilder.get(uriBuilder.build())
            .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json-patch+json")
            .addHeader("Accept-Charset", "utf-8")
            .addHeader("Accept", "application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8")
            .build();

    // Execute the request and process the results.
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      System.err.print(
          String.format(
              "Exception getting patient everythingresource: %s\n",
              response.getStatusLine().toString()));
      responseEntity.writeTo(System.err);
      throw new RuntimeException();
    }
    System.out.println("Patient compartment results: ");
    responseEntity.writeTo(System.out);
  }

  private static CloudHealthcare createClient() throws IOException {
    // Use Application Default Credentials (ADC) to authenticate the requests
    // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Create a HttpRequestInitializer, which will provide a baseline configuration to all requests.
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
        request -> {
          new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential).initialize(request);
          request.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 1 minute connect timeout
          request.setReadTimeout(60000); // 1 minute read timeout
        };

    // Build the client for interacting with the service.
    return new CloudHealthcare.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("your-application-name")
        .build();
  }

  private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    return credential.refreshAccessToken().getTokenValue();
  }
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
});

const getPatientEverything = async () => {
  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const patientId = '16e8a860-33b3-49be-9b03-de979feed14a';
  const name = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}/fhir/Patient/${patientId}`;
  const request = {name};

  const patientEverything =
    await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.PatientEverything(
      request
    );
  console.log(
    `Got all resources in patient ${patientId} compartment:\n`,
    JSON.stringify(patientEverything)
  );
};

getPatientEverything();

Python

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def get_patient_everything(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    resource_id,
):
    """Gets all the resources in the patient compartment.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # resource_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the Patient resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/{}/{}".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id, "Patient", resource_id
    )
    resource_path += "/$everything"

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    response = session.get(resource_path, headers=headers)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Getting patient compartment resources filtered by type or date

The following samples show how to get all resources associated with a particular patient compartment (R4) filtered by a list of types and since a specified date and time. For more information, see projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.Patient-everything.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores.

curl

To get the resources in a patient compartment of a specified type and since a specified date, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The patient's ID
A query string containing a comma-separated resource type list and starting date
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using curl:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
     "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Patient/PATIENT_ID/\$everything?_type=RESOURCE_TYPES&_since=DATE"

If the request is successful, the server returns any resources that match the specified criteria in JSON format.

PowerShell

To get the resources in a patient compartment of a specified type and since a specified date, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The patient's ID
A query string containing a comma-separated resource type list and starting date
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using PowerShell:

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-RestMethod `
  -Method Get `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri 'https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Patient/RESOURCE_ID/$everything?_type=RESOURCE_TYPES&_since=DATE' | ConvertTo-Json

If the request is successful, the server returns any resources that match the specified criteria in JSON format.

Listing FHIR resource versions

The following samples show how to list all historical versions of a FHIR resource. For more information, see projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.history.

The samples use the resources created in Creating a FHIR resource and show how to list the versions of an Observation resource.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

curl

The following sample shows how to list all versions of an Observation resource. The Observation has been updated one time after its original creation to change the patient's heartbeats per minute (BPM).

To list all versions of a FHIR resource, including the current version and any deleted versions, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The resource type and ID
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using curl.

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
     "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_ID/_history"

If the request is successful, the server returns the response in JSON format. In this example, it returns two versions of the Observation. In the first version, the patient's heart rate was 75 BPM. In the second version, the patient's heart rate was 85 BPM.

{
  "entry": [
    {
      "resource": {
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "meta": {
          "lastUpdated": "2020-01-02T00:00:00+00:00",
          "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDk5Mzk2ODcyODAwMA"
        },
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        },
        "valueQuantity": {
          "unit": "bpm",
          "value": 85
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "resource": {
        "encounter": {
          "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
        },
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "meta": {
          "lastUpdated": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
          "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDg4MTY0MzQ3MjAwMA"
        },
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        },
        "valueQuantity": {
          "unit": "bpm",
          "value": 75
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "type": "history"
}

PowerShell

To list all versions of a FHIR resource, including the current version and any deleted versions, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The resource type and ID
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using PowerShell.

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-RestMethod `
  -Method Get `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_ID/_history" | Select-Object -Expand Content

{
  "entry": [
    {
      "resource": {
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "meta": {
          "lastUpdated": "2020-01-02T00:00:00+00:00",
          "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDk5Mzk2ODcyODAwMA"
        },
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        },
        "valueQuantity": {
          "unit": "bpm",
          "value": 85
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "resource": {
        "encounter": {
          "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
        },
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "meta": {
          "lastUpdated": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
          "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDg4MTY0MzQ3MjAwMA"
        },
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "subject": {
          "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
        },
        "valueQuantity": {
          "unit": "bpm",
          "value": 75
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "type": "history"
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// listFHIRResourceHistory lists an FHIR resource's history.
func listFHIRResourceHistory(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID)

	resp, err := fhirService.History(name).Do()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("History: %v", err)
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("History: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcare;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcareScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class FhirResourceListHistory {
  private static final String FHIR_NAME =
      "projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s";
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JacksonFactory();
  private static final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = new NetHttpTransport();

  public static void fhirResourceListHistory(String resourceName)
      throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    // String resourceName =
    //    String.format(
    //        FHIR_NAME, "project-id", "region-id", "dataset-id", "store-id", "resource-type",
    //  "resource-id");

    // Initialize the client, which will be used to interact with the service.
    CloudHealthcare client = createClient();

    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    String uri = String.format("%sv1/%s/_history", client.getRootUrl(), resourceName);
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri).setParameter("access_token", getAccessToken());

    HttpUriRequest request =
        RequestBuilder.get()
            .setUri(uriBuilder.build())
            .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json")
            .addHeader("Accept-Charset", "utf-8")
            .addHeader("Accept", "application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8")
            .build();

    // Execute the request and process the results.
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      System.err.print(
          String.format(
              "Exception retrieving FHIR history: %s\n", response.getStatusLine().toString()));
      responseEntity.writeTo(System.err);
      throw new RuntimeException();
    }
    System.out.println("FHIR resource history retrieved: ");
    responseEntity.writeTo(System.out);
  }

  private static CloudHealthcare createClient() throws IOException {
    // Use Application Default Credentials (ADC) to authenticate the requests
    // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Create a HttpRequestInitializer, which will provide a baseline configuration to all requests.
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
        request -> {
          new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential).initialize(request);
          request.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 1 minute connect timeout
          request.setReadTimeout(60000); // 1 minute read timeout
        };

    // Build the client for interacting with the service.
    return new CloudHealthcare.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("your-application-name")
        .build();
  }

  private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    return credential.refreshAccessToken().getTokenValue();
  }
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
});

const listFhirResourceHistory = async () => {
  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const resourceType = 'Patient';
  // const resourceId = '16e8a860-33b3-49be-9b03-de979feed14a';
  const name = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}/fhir/${resourceType}/${resourceId}/_history`;
  const request = {name};

  const resource =
    await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.read(
      request
    );
  console.log(JSON.stringify(resource.data, null, 2));
};

listFhirResourceHistory();

Python

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def list_resource_history(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    resource_type,
    resource_id,
):
    """Gets the history of a resource.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # resource_type = 'Patient'  # replace with the FHIR resource type
    # resource_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the FHIR resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/{}/{}".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id, resource_type, resource_id
    )

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    response = session.get(resource_path + "/_history", headers=headers)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print(
        "History for {} resource:".format(
            resource["entry"][0]["resource"]["resourceType"]
        )
    )
    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Retrieving a FHIR resource version

The following samples show how to retrieve a specific version of a resource. For more information, see projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.vread.

The version IDs for the Observation resource from Listing FHIR resource versions are highlighted below:

{
  "entry": [
    {
      "resource": {
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "meta": {
          "lastUpdated": "2020-01-02T00:00:00+00:00",
          "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDk5Mzk2ODcyODAwMA"
        },
...
    {
      "resource": {
        "encounter": {
          "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
        },
        "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
        "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
        "meta": {
          "lastUpdated": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
          "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDg4MTY0MzQ3MjAwMA"
        },
...
}

The following samples use the resources created in Creating a FHIR resource and show how to view an Observation resource.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

curl

To get a specific version of a FHIR resource, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The resource type and ID
The resource version
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using curl.

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
     "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_ID/_history/RESOURCE_VERSION"

If the request is successful, the server returns the response in JSON format. In this example, the first version of the Observation, where the patient's heart rate was 75 BPM, is returned.

{
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
    "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDg4MTY0MzQ3MjAwMA"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": 75
  }
}

PowerShell

To get a specific version of a FHIR resource, make a GET request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The resource type and ID
The resource version
An access token

The following sample shows a GET request using curl.

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-RestMethod `
  -Method Get `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_ID/RESOURCE_VERSION/_history" | Select-Object -Expand Content

If the request is successful, the server returns the response in JSON format. In this example, the first version of the Observation, where the patient's heart rate was 75 BPM, is returned.

{
  "encounter": {
    "reference": "Encounter/ENCOUNTER_ID"
  },
  "effectiveDateTime": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
  "id": "OBSERVATION_ID",
  "meta": {
    "lastUpdated": "2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
    "versionId": "MTU0MTE5MDg4MTY0MzQ3MjAwMA"
  },
  "resourceType": "Observation",
  "status": "final",
  "subject": {
    "reference": "Patient/PATIENT_ID"
  },
  "valueQuantity": {
    "unit": "bpm",
    "value": 75
  }
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// getFHIRResourceHistory gets an FHIR resource history.
func getFHIRResourceHistory(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID, versionID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s/_history/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID, versionID)

	resp, err := fhirService.Vread(name).Do()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Vread: %v", err)
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()

	respBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read response: %v", err)
	}

	if resp.StatusCode > 299 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Vread: status %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, respBytes)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", respBytes)

	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcare;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcareScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class FhirResourceGetHistory {
  private static final String FHIR_NAME =
      "projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s";
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JacksonFactory();
  private static final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = new NetHttpTransport();

  public static void fhirResourceGetHistory(String resourceName, String versionId)
      throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    // String resourceName =
    //    String.format(
    //        FHIR_NAME, "project-id", "region-id", "dataset-id", "store-id", "resource-type",
    // "resource-id");
    // String versionId = "version-uuid"

    // Initialize the client, which will be used to interact with the service.
    CloudHealthcare client = createClient();

    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    String uri = String.format("%sv1/%s/_history/%s", client.getRootUrl(), resourceName, versionId);
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri).setParameter("access_token", getAccessToken());

    HttpUriRequest request =
        RequestBuilder.get()
            .setUri(uriBuilder.build())
            .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json")
            .addHeader("Accept-Charset", "utf-8")
            .addHeader("Accept", "application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8")
            .build();

    // Execute the request and process the results.
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      System.err.print(
          String.format(
              "Exception retrieving FHIR history: %s\n", response.getStatusLine().toString()));
      responseEntity.writeTo(System.err);
      throw new RuntimeException();
    }
    System.out.println("FHIR resource retrieved from version: ");
    responseEntity.writeTo(System.out);
  }

  private static CloudHealthcare createClient() throws IOException {
    // Use Application Default Credentials (ADC) to authenticate the requests
    // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Create a HttpRequestInitializer, which will provide a baseline configuration to all requests.
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
        request -> {
          new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential).initialize(request);
          request.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 1 minute connect timeout
          request.setReadTimeout(60000); // 1 minute read timeout
        };

    // Build the client for interacting with the service.
    return new CloudHealthcare.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("your-application-name")
        .build();
  }

  private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    return credential.refreshAccessToken().getTokenValue();
  }
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
});

const getFhirResourceHistory = async () => {
  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const resourceType = 'Patient';
  // const resourceId = '16e8a860-33b3-49be-9b03-de979feed14a';
  // const versionId = 'MTU2NPg3NDgyNDAxMDc4OTAwMA';
  const name = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}/fhir/${resourceType}/${resourceId}/_history/${versionId}`;
  const request = {name};

  const resource =
    await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.vread(
      request
    );
  console.log(JSON.stringify(resource.data, null, 2));
};

getFhirResourceHistory();

Python

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def get_resource_history(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    resource_type,
    resource_id,
    version_id,
):
    """Gets a version resource.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # resource_type = 'Patient'  # replace with the FHIR resource type
    # resource_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the FHIR resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/{}/{}".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id, resource_type, resource_id
    )
    resource_path += "/_history/{}".format(version_id)

    # Sets required application/fhir+json header on the request
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}

    response = session.get(resource_path, headers=headers)
    response.raise_for_status()

    resource = response.json()

    print("Got history for {} resource:".format(resource_type))
    print(json.dumps(resource, indent=2))

    return resource

Deleting a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to call the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.delete method to delete an Observation FHIR resource.

Regardless of whether the operation succeeds or fails, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code. To check that the resource was successfully deleted, search for or get the resource and see if it exists.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

REST

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project
LOCATION: the dataset location
DATASET_ID: the FHIR store's parent dataset
FHIR_STORE_ID: the FHIR store ID
OBSERVATION_ID: the Observation resource ID

To send your request, choose one of these options:

curl

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID"

PowerShell

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method DELETE `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation/OBSERVATION_ID" | Select-Object -Expand Content

API Explorer

Open the method reference page. The API Explorer panel opens on the right side of the page. You can interact with this tool to send requests. Complete any required fields and click Execute.

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// deleteFHIRResource deletes an FHIR resource.
// Regardless of whether the operation succeeds or
// fails, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code. To check that the
// resource was successfully deleted, search for or get the resource and
// see if it exists.
func deleteFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID)

	if _, err := fhirService.Delete(name).Do(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Delete: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Deleted %q", name)

	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcare;
import com.google.api.services.healthcare.v1.CloudHealthcareScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class FhirResourceDelete {
  private static final String FHIR_NAME =
      "projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s";
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = new JacksonFactory();
  private static final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = new NetHttpTransport();

  public static void fhirResourceDelete(String resourceName)
      throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
    // String resourceName =
    //    String.format(
    //        FHIR_NAME, "project-id", "region-id", "dataset-id", "store-id", "resource-type",
    // "resource-id");

    // Initialize the client, which will be used to interact with the service.
    CloudHealthcare client = createClient();

    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    String uri = String.format("%sv1/%s", client.getRootUrl(), resourceName);
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri).setParameter("access_token", getAccessToken());

    HttpUriRequest request =
        RequestBuilder.delete()
            .setUri(uriBuilder.build())
            .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/fhir+json")
            .addHeader("Accept-Charset", "utf-8")
            .addHeader("Accept", "application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8")
            .build();

    // Execute the request and process the results.
    // Regardless of whether the operation succeeds or
    // fails, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code. To check that the
    // resource was successfully deleted, search for or get the resource and
    // see if it exists.
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
    HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      String errorMessage =
          String.format(
              "Exception deleting FHIR resource: %s\n", response.getStatusLine().toString());
      System.err.print(errorMessage);
      responseEntity.writeTo(System.err);
      throw new RuntimeException(errorMessage);
    }
    System.out.println("FHIR resource deleted.");
    responseEntity.writeTo(System.out);
  }

  private static CloudHealthcare createClient() throws IOException {
    // Use Application Default Credentials (ADC) to authenticate the requests
    // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Create a HttpRequestInitializer, which will provide a baseline configuration to all requests.
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer =
        request -> {
          new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential).initialize(request);
          request.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 1 minute connect timeout
          request.setReadTimeout(60000); // 1 minute read timeout
        };

    // Build the client for interacting with the service.
    return new CloudHealthcare.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("your-application-name")
        .build();
  }

  private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(CloudHealthcareScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    return credential.refreshAccessToken().getTokenValue();
  }
}

Node.js

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const google = require('@googleapis/healthcare');
const healthcare = google.healthcare({
  version: 'v1',
  auth: new google.auth.GoogleAuth({
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'],
  }),
});

const deleteFhirResource = async () => {
  // TODO(developer): uncomment these lines before running the sample
  // const cloudRegion = 'us-central1';
  // const projectId = 'adjective-noun-123';
  // const datasetId = 'my-dataset';
  // const fhirStoreId = 'my-fhir-store';
  // const resourceType = 'Patient';
  // const resourceId = '9a664e07-79a4-4c2e-04ed-e996c75484e1';
  const name = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${cloudRegion}/datasets/${datasetId}/fhirStores/${fhirStoreId}/fhir/${resourceType}/${resourceId}`;
  const request = {name};

  // Regardless of whether the operation succeeds or
  // fails, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code. To check that the
  // resource was successfully deleted, search for or get the resource and
  // see if it exists.
  await healthcare.projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.delete(
    request
  );
  console.log('Deleted FHIR resource');
};

deleteFhirResource();

Python

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def delete_resource(
    project_id,
    location,
    dataset_id,
    fhir_store_id,
    resource_type,
    resource_id,
):
    """
    Deletes a FHIR resource.

    Regardless of whether the operation succeeds or
    fails, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code. To check that the
    resource was successfully deleted, search for or get the resource and
    see if it exists.

    See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/tree/main/healthcare/api-client/v1/fhir
    before running the sample."""
    # Imports Python's built-in "os" module
    import os

    # Imports the google.auth.transport.requests transport
    from google.auth.transport import requests

    # Imports a module to allow authentication using a service account
    from google.oauth2 import service_account

    # Gets credentials from the environment.
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"]
    )
    scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
        ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
    )
    # Creates a requests Session object with the credentials.
    session = requests.AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

    # URL to the Cloud Healthcare API endpoint and version
    base_url = "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1"

    # TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
    # project_id = 'my-project'  # replace with your GCP project ID
    # location = 'us-central1'  # replace with the parent dataset's location
    # dataset_id = 'my-dataset'  # replace with the parent dataset's ID
    # fhir_store_id = 'my-fhir-store' # replace with the FHIR store ID
    # resource_type = 'Patient'  # replace with the FHIR resource type
    # resource_id = 'b682d-0e-4843-a4a9-78c9ac64'  # replace with the FHIR resource's ID
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, location)

    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/{}/{}".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id, resource_type, resource_id
    )

    response = session.delete(resource_path)
    print("Deleted {} resource with ID {}.".format(resource_type, resource_id))

    return response

Conditionally deleting a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to call the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.conditionalDelete method to delete a FHIR resource that matches a search query, rather than identifying the resource by its ID.

Unlike conditionally patching or conditionally updating a resource, the conditional delete method can apply to multiple resources if multiple matches are returned from the search criteria.

Regardless of whether the operation succeeds or fails, the server returns a 200 OK HTTP status code. To make sure that the resource was successfully deleted, search for or get the resource and see if it exists.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

curl

To delete FHIR resources that match a search query, make a DELETE request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The type of resource you're searching for
A query string containing the information you're searching for
An access token

The following sample shows a DELETE request using curl to delete all Observations with a status of cancelled (STU3 and R4).

curl -X DELETE \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
     "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation?status=cancelled"

If the request is successful, the server returns the empty response body in JSON format:

{}

PowerShell

To delete FHIR resources that match a search query, make a DELETE request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The type of resource you're searching for
A query string containing the information you're searching for
An access token

The following sample shows a DELETE request using PowerShell to delete all Observations with a status of cancelled (STU3 and R4).

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
  -Method Delete `
  -Headers $headers `
  -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/Observation?status=cancelled" | Select-Object -Expand Content

If the request is successful, the server returns the empty response body in JSON format:

{}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1beta1"
)

// queryParamOpt is a googleapi.Option (https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/api/googleapi#CallOption)
// that adds query parameters to an API call.
type queryParamOpt struct {
	key, value string
}

func (qp queryParamOpt) Get() (string, string) { return qp.key, qp.value }

// ConditionalDeleteFHIRResource conditionally deletes an FHIR resource.
func ConditionalDeleteFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project"
	// location := "us-central1"
	// datasetID := "my-dataset"
	// fhirStoreID := "my-fhir-store"
	// resourceType := "Patient"

	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	parent := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID)

	call := fhirService.ConditionalDelete(parent, resourceType)

	// Refine your search by appending tags to the request in the form of query
	// parameters. This searches for resources updated in the last 48 hours.
	twoDaysAgo := time.Now().Add(-48 * time.Hour).Format("2006-01-02")
	lastUpdated := queryParamOpt{key: "_lastUpdated", value: "gt" + twoDaysAgo}

	if _, err := call.Do(lastUpdated); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("ConditionalDelete: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Deleted %q", parent)

	return nil
}

Python

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def conditional_delete_resource(
    service_account_json, base_url, project_id, cloud_region, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
):
    """Deletes FHIR resources that match a search query."""
    url = "{}/projects/{}/locations/{}".format(base_url, project_id, cloud_region)

    # The search query in this request deletes all Observations
    # with a status of 'cancelled'.
    resource_path = "{}/datasets/{}/fhirStores/{}/fhir/Observation".format(
        url, dataset_id, fhir_store_id
    )
    # The search query is passed in as a query string parameter.
    params = {"status": "cancelled"}

    # Make an authenticated API request
    session = get_session(service_account_json)

    response = session.delete(resource_path, params=params)
    print(response.url)
    if response.status_code != 404:  # Don't consider missing to be error
        response.raise_for_status()

    print("Conditionally deleted all Observations with status='cancelled'.")

    return response

Deleting historical versions of a FHIR resource

The following samples show how to delete all historical versions of a FHIR resource. For more information, see projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.Resource-purge.

Calling the projects.locations.datasets.fhirStores.fhir.Resource-purge method is limited to users (callers) with the roles/healthcare.fhirStoreAdmin role; users with the roles/healthcare.fhirResourceEditor role cannot call the method. To permit a caller to delete historical versions of a FHIR resource, either:

Make sure that the caller has the roles/healthcare.fhirStoreAdmin role.
Create a custom IAM role with the healthcare.fhirResources.purge permission and assign the role to the caller.

The samples use the resources created in Creating a FHIR resource and show how to delete the historical versions of an Observation resource.

The following curl and PowerShell samples work with R4 FHIR stores. The Go, Java, Node.js, and Python samples work with STU3 FHIR stores.

curl

To delete all historical versions of a FHIR resource, make a DELETE request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The resource type and ID
An access token

The following sample shows a DELETE request using curl.

curl -X DELETE \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8" \
     "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_ID/$purge"

If the request is successful, the server returns the empty response body in JSON format:

{}

PowerShell

To delete all historical versions of a FHIR resource, make a DELETE request and specify the following information:

The name of the parent dataset
The name of the FHIR store
The resource type and ID
An access token

The following sample shows a DELETE request using PowerShell.

$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-RestMethod `
  -Method Delete `
  -Headers $headers `
  -ContentType: "application/fhir+json; charset=utf-8" `
  -Uri "https://healthcare.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/datasets/DATASET_ID/fhirStores/FHIR_STORE_ID/fhir/RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_ID/$purge" | ConvertTo-Json

If the request is successful, the server returns the empty response body in JSON format:

{}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	healthcare "google.golang.org/api/healthcare/v1"
)

// purgeFHIRResource purges an FHIR resources.
func purgeFHIRResource(w io.Writer, projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	healthcareService, err := healthcare.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("healthcare.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	fhirService := healthcareService.Projects.Locations.Datasets.FhirStores.Fhir

	name := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/datasets/%s/fhirStores/%s/fhir/%s/%s", projectID, location, datasetID, fhirStoreID, resourceType, fhirResourceID)

	if _, err := fhirService.Re

Creating and managing FHIR resources

Creating a FHIR resource

REST

curl

PowerShell

Response

Go

Java

Node.js

Python

REST

curl

PowerShell

Response

Python

REST

curl

PowerShell

Response

Python

Updating a FHIR resource

REST

curl

PowerShell

API Explorer

Response

Go

Node.js

Python

Conditionally updating a FHIR resource

REST

curl

PowerShell

API Explorer

Response

Go

Python

Patching a FHIR resource

REST

curl

PowerShell

Response

Go

Java

Node.js

Python

Executing a PATCH request in a FHIR bundle

curl

PowerShell

Response

Conditionally patching a FHIR resource

REST

curl

PowerShell

API Explorer

Response

Go

Python

Getting a FHIR resource

Console

REST

curl

PowerShell

API Explorer

Response

Go

Java

Node.js

Python

Getting all patient compartment resources

curl

PowerShell

Go

Java

Node.js

Python

Getting patient compartment resources filtered by type or date

curl

PowerShell

Listing FHIR resource versions

Executing a `PATCH` request in a FHIR bundle