Spanner to Cloud Storage Text 模板

Spanner to Cloud Storage Text 模板是一种批处理流水线，可从 Spanner 表中读取数据并将其作为 CSV 文本文件写入 Cloud Storage。

流水线要求

  • 在运行此流水线之前，输入 Spanner 表必须已存在。

模板参数

必需参数

  • spannerTable：要从中读取数据的 Spanner 表。
  • spannerProjectId：包含要从中读取数据的 Spanner 数据库的 Google Cloud 项目的 ID。
  • spannerInstanceId：所请求表的实例 ID。
  • spannerDatabaseId：所请求表的数据库 ID。
  • textWritePrefix：指定数据写入位置的 Cloud Storage 路径前缀。例如 gs://mybucket/somefolder/。

可选参数

运行模板

控制台gcloudAPI
  1. 转到 Dataflow 基于模板创建作业页面。
    2. 转到“基于模板创建作业”
  2. 在作业名称字段中，输入唯一的作业名称。
  3. 可选：对于区域性端点，从下拉菜单中选择一个值。默认区域为 us-central1。

    如需查看可以在其中运行 Dataflow 作业的区域列表，请参阅 Dataflow 位置。

  4. 从 Dataflow 模板下拉菜单中，选择 the Cloud Spanner to Text Files on Cloud Storage template。
  5. 在提供的参数字段中，输入您的参数值。
  6. 点击运行作业。

在 shell 或终端中，运行模板：

gcloud dataflow jobs run JOB_NAME \
    --gcs-location gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/VERSION/Spanner_to_GCS_Text \
    --region REGION_NAME \
    --parameters \
spannerProjectId=SPANNER_PROJECT_ID,\
spannerDatabaseId=DATABASE_ID,\
spannerInstanceId=INSTANCE_ID,\
spannerTable=TABLE_ID,\
textWritePrefix=gs://BUCKET_NAME/output/

替换以下内容：

  • JOB_NAME：您选择的唯一性作业名称
  • VERSION：您要使用的模板的版本

    您可使用以下值：

  • REGION_NAME：要在其中部署 Dataflow 作业的区域，例如 us-central1
  • SPANNER_PROJECT_ID：您要从其中读取数据的 Spanner 数据库的 Google Cloud 项目 ID
  • DATABASE_ID：Spanner 数据库 ID
  • BUCKET_NAME - Cloud Storage 存储桶的名称。
  • INSTANCE_ID：Spanner 实例 ID
  • TABLE_ID：Spanner 表 ID

如需使用 REST API 来运行模板，请发送 HTTP POST 请求。如需详细了解 API 及其授权范围，请参阅 projects.templates.launch。

POST https://dataflow.googleapis.com/v1b3/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/templates:launch?gcsPath=gs://dataflow-templates-LOCATION/VERSION/Spanner_to_GCS_Text
{
   "jobName": "JOB_NAME",
   "parameters": {
       "spannerProjectId": "SPANNER_PROJECT_ID",
       "spannerDatabaseId": "DATABASE_ID",
       "spannerInstanceId": "INSTANCE_ID",
       "spannerTable": "TABLE_ID",
       "textWritePrefix": "gs://BUCKET_NAME/output/"
   },
   "environment": { "zone": "us-central1-f" }
}

替换以下内容：

  • PROJECT_ID：您要在其中运行 Dataflow 作业的 Google Cloud 项目 ID
  • JOB_NAME：您选择的唯一性作业名称
  • VERSION：您要使用的模板的版本

    您可使用以下值：

  • LOCATION：要在其中部署 Dataflow 作业的区域，例如 us-central1
  • SPANNER_PROJECT_ID：您要从其中读取数据的 Spanner 数据库的 Google Cloud 项目 ID
  • DATABASE_ID：Spanner 数据库 ID
  • BUCKET_NAME - Cloud Storage 存储桶的名称。
  • INSTANCE_ID：Spanner 实例 ID
  • TABLE_ID：Spanner 表 ID
Java
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2018 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
package com.google.cloud.teleport.templates;

import static com.google.cloud.teleport.util.ValueProviderUtils.eitherOrValueProvider;

import com.google.cloud.spanner.Options.RpcPriority;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.Template;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateCategory;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateParameter;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateParameter.TemplateEnumOption;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.templates.SpannerToText.SpannerToTextOptions;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.templates.common.SpannerConverters;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.templates.common.SpannerConverters.CreateTransactionFnWithTimestamp;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.templates.common.SpannerConverters.SpannerReadOptions;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.templates.common.TextConverters.FilesystemWriteOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileSystems;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.TextIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.fs.ResourceId;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.spanner.LocalSpannerIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.spanner.ReadOperation;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.spanner.SpannerConfig;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.spanner.Transaction;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Create;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.MapElements;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.PTransform;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.ParDo;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SerializableFunction;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.View;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PBegin;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionView;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.TypeDescriptors;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Dataflow template which copies a Spanner table to a Text sink. It exports a Spanner table using
 * <a href="https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reads#read_data_in_parallel">Batch API</a>, which
 * creates multiple workers in parallel for better performance. The result is written to a CSV file
 * in Google Cloud Storage. The table schema file is saved in json format along with the exported
 * table.
 *
 * <p>Schema file sample: { "id":"INT64", "name":"STRING(MAX)" }
 *
 * <p>Check out <a
 * href="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/DataflowTemplates/blob/main/v1/README_Spanner_to_GCS_Text.md">README</a>
 * for instructions on how to use or modify this template.
 */
@Template(
    name = "Spanner_to_GCS_Text",
    category = TemplateCategory.BATCH,
    displayName = "Cloud Spanner to Text Files on Cloud Storage",
    description =
        "The Cloud Spanner to Cloud Storage Text template is a batch pipeline that reads in data from a Cloud Spanner "
            + "table, and writes it to Cloud Storage as CSV text files.",
    optionsClass = SpannerToTextOptions.class,
    documentation =
        "https://cloud.google.com/dataflow/docs/guides/templates/provided/cloud-spanner-to-cloud-storage",
    contactInformation = "https://cloud.google.com/support",
    requirements = {"The input Spanner table must exist before running the pipeline."})
public class SpannerToText {

  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpannerToText.class);

  /** Custom PipelineOptions. */
  public interface SpannerToTextOptions
      extends PipelineOptions, SpannerReadOptions, FilesystemWriteOptions {

    @TemplateParameter.GcsWriteFolder(
        order = 1,
        groupName = "Target",
        optional = true,
        description = "Cloud Storage temp directory for storing CSV files",
        helpText = "The Cloud Storage path where temporary CSV files are written.",
        example = "gs://your-bucket/your-path")
    ValueProvider<String> getCsvTempDirectory();

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    void setCsvTempDirectory(ValueProvider<String> value);

    @TemplateParameter.Enum(
        order = 2,
        groupName = "Source",
        enumOptions = {
          @TemplateEnumOption("LOW"),
          @TemplateEnumOption("MEDIUM"),
          @TemplateEnumOption("HIGH")
        },
        optional = true,
        description = "Priority for Spanner RPC invocations",
        helpText =
            "The request priority (https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/reference/rest/v1/RequestOptions)"
                + " for Spanner calls. Possible values are `HIGH`, `MEDIUM`, `LOW`. The default value is `MEDIUM`.")
    ValueProvider<RpcPriority> getSpannerPriority();

    void setSpannerPriority(ValueProvider<RpcPriority> value);
  }

  /**
   * Runs a pipeline which reads in Records from Spanner, and writes the CSV to TextIO sink.
   *
   * @param args arguments to the pipeline
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    LOG.info("Starting pipeline setup");
    PipelineOptionsFactory.register(SpannerToTextOptions.class);
    SpannerToTextOptions options =
        PipelineOptionsFactory.fromArgs(args).withValidation().as(SpannerToTextOptions.class);

    FileSystems.setDefaultPipelineOptions(options);
    Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.create(options);

    SpannerConfig spannerConfig =
        SpannerConfig.create()
            .withHost(options.getSpannerHost())
            .withProjectId(options.getSpannerProjectId())
            .withInstanceId(options.getSpannerInstanceId())
            .withDatabaseId(options.getSpannerDatabaseId())
            .withRpcPriority(options.getSpannerPriority())
            .withDataBoostEnabled(options.getDataBoostEnabled());

    PTransform<PBegin, PCollection<ReadOperation>> spannerExport =
        SpannerConverters.ExportTransformFactory.create(
            options.getSpannerTable(),
            spannerConfig,
            options.getTextWritePrefix(),
            options.getSpannerSnapshotTime());

    /* CreateTransaction and CreateTransactionFn classes in LocalSpannerIO
     * only take a timestamp object for exact staleness which works when
     * parameters are provided during template compile time. They do not work with
     * a Timestamp valueProvider which can take parameters at runtime. Hence a new
     * ParDo class CreateTransactionFnWithTimestamp had to be created for this
     * purpose.
     */
    PCollectionView<Transaction> tx =
        pipeline
            .apply("Setup for Transaction", Create.of(1))
            .apply(
                "Create transaction",
                ParDo.of(
                    new CreateTransactionFnWithTimestamp(
                        spannerConfig, options.getSpannerSnapshotTime())))
            .apply("As PCollectionView", View.asSingleton());

    PCollection<String> csv =
        pipeline
            .apply("Create export", spannerExport)
            // We need to use LocalSpannerIO.readAll() instead of LocalSpannerIO.read()
            // because ValueProvider parameters such as table name required for
            // LocalSpannerIO.read() can be read only inside DoFn but LocalSpannerIO.read() is of
            // type PTransform<PBegin, Struct>, which prevents prepending it with DoFn that reads
            // these parameters at the pipeline execution time.
            .apply(
                "Read all records",
                LocalSpannerIO.readAll().withTransaction(tx).withSpannerConfig(spannerConfig))
            .apply(
                "Struct To Csv",
                MapElements.into(TypeDescriptors.strings())
                    .via(struct -> (new SpannerConverters.StructCsvPrinter()).print(struct)));

    ValueProvider<ResourceId> tempDirectoryResource =
        ValueProvider.NestedValueProvider.of(
            eitherOrValueProvider(options.getCsvTempDirectory(), options.getTextWritePrefix()),
            (SerializableFunction<String, ResourceId>) s -> FileSystems.matchNewResource(s, true));

    csv.apply(
        "Write to storage",
        TextIO.write()
            .to(options.getTextWritePrefix())
            .withSuffix(".csv")
            .withTempDirectory(tempDirectoryResource));

    pipeline.run();
    LOG.info("Completed pipeline setup");
  }
}

后续步骤