Template BigQuery Export ke Parquet (melalui Storage API)

Template BigQuery Export ke Parquet adalah pipeline batch yang membaca data dari tabel BigQuery dan menulisnya ke bucket Cloud Storage dalam format Parquet. Template ini menggunakan BigQuery Storage API untuk mengekspor data.

Persyaratan pipeline

• Tabel BigQuery input harus ada sebelum menjalankan pipeline.
• Bucket Cloud Storage output harus ada sebelum menjalankan pipeline.

Parameter template

Parameter yang diperlukan

• tableRef: Lokasi tabel input BigQuery. Contoh, your-project:your-dataset.your-table-name.
• bucket: Folder Cloud Storage tempat Anda menulis file Parquet. Contoh, gs://your-bucket/export/.

Parameter opsional

• numShards: Jumlah shard file output. Nilai defaultnya adalah 1.
• fields: Daftar kolom yang dipisahkan koma untuk dipilih dari tabel BigQuery input.
• rowRestriction: Baris hanya baca yang cocok dengan filter yang ditentukan, yang harus berupa ekspresi SQL yang kompatibel dengan SQL standar Google (https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql). Jika tidak ada nilai yang ditentukan, semua baris akan ditampilkan.

Menjalankan template

Konsol

1. Buka halaman Create job from template Dataflow.
Buka Buat tugas dari template
2. Di kolom Nama tugas, masukkan nama tugas yang unik.
3. Opsional: Untuk Endpoint regional, pilih nilai dari menu drop-down. Region defaultnya adalah us-central1.

   Untuk mengetahui daftar region tempat Anda dapat menjalankan tugas Dataflow, lihat Lokasi Dataflow.

4. Dari menu drop-down Dataflow template, pilih the BigQuery export to Parquet (via Storage API) template.
5. Di kolom parameter yang disediakan, masukkan nilai parameter Anda.
6. Klik Run job.

gcloud

Catatan: Untuk menggunakan Google Cloud CLI guna menjalankan template flex, Anda harus memiliki Google Cloud CLI versi 284.0.0, , atau yang lebih baru.

Di shell atau terminal, jalankan template:

gcloud dataflow flex-template run JOB_NAME \
    --project=PROJECT_ID \
    --template-file-gcs-location=gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/VERSION/flex/BigQuery_to_Parquet \
    --region=REGION_NAME \
    --parameters \
tableRef=BIGQUERY_TABLE,\
bucket=OUTPUT_DIRECTORY,\
numShards=NUM_SHARDS,\
fields=FIELDS

Ganti kode berikut:

• PROJECT_ID: ID project Google Cloud tempat Anda ingin menjalankan tugas Dataflow
• JOB_NAME: nama tugas unik pilihan Anda
• VERSION: versi template yang ingin Anda gunakan

  Anda dapat menggunakan nilai berikut:

  • latest untuk menggunakan template versi terbaru, yang tersedia di folder induk tanpa tanggal di bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/latest/
  • nama versi, seperti 2023-09-12-00_RC00, untuk menggunakan versi template tertentu, yang dapat ditemukan bertingkat dalam folder induk bertanggal masing-masing di bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/
  Perhatian: Template versi terbaru mungkin diupdate dengan perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan. Lingkungan produksi Anda harus menggunakan template yang disimpan di folder induk bertanggal terbaru untuk mencegah perubahan yang menyebabkan error ini memengaruhi alur kerja produksi Anda.
• REGION_NAME: region tempat Anda ingin men-deploy tugas Dataflow—misalnya, us-central1
• BIGQUERY_TABLE: nama tabel BigQuery Anda
• OUTPUT_DIRECTORY: folder Cloud Storage Anda untuk file output
• NUM_SHARDS: jumlah shard file output yang diinginkan
• FIELDS: daftar kolom yang dipisahkan koma untuk dipilih dari tabel BigQuery input

API

Untuk menjalankan template menggunakan REST API, kirim permintaan POST HTTP. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang API dan cakupan otorisasinya, lihat projects.templates.launch.

POST https://dataflow.googleapis.com/v1b3/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/flexTemplates:launch
{
   "launch_parameter": {
      "jobName": "JOB_NAME",
      "parameters": {
          "tableRef": "BIGQUERY_TABLE",
          "bucket": "OUTPUT_DIRECTORY",
          "numShards": "NUM_SHARDS",
          "fields": "FIELDS"
      },
      "containerSpecGcsPath": "gs://dataflow-templates-LOCATION/VERSION/flex/BigQuery_to_Parquet",
   }
}

Ganti kode berikut:

• PROJECT_ID: ID project Google Cloud tempat Anda ingin menjalankan tugas Dataflow
• JOB_NAME: nama tugas unik pilihan Anda
• VERSION: versi template yang ingin Anda gunakan

  Anda dapat menggunakan nilai berikut:

  • latest untuk menggunakan template versi terbaru, yang tersedia di folder induk tanpa tanggal di bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/latest/
  • nama versi, seperti 2023-09-12-00_RC00, untuk menggunakan versi template tertentu, yang dapat ditemukan bertingkat dalam folder induk bertanggal masing-masing di bucket—gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/
  Perhatian: Template versi terbaru mungkin diupdate dengan perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan. Lingkungan produksi Anda harus menggunakan template yang disimpan di folder induk bertanggal terbaru untuk mencegah perubahan yang menyebabkan error ini memengaruhi alur kerja produksi Anda.
• LOCATION: region tempat Anda ingin men-deploy tugas Dataflow—misalnya, us-central1
• BIGQUERY_TABLE: nama tabel BigQuery Anda
• OUTPUT_DIRECTORY: folder Cloud Storage Anda untuk file output
• NUM_SHARDS: jumlah shard file output yang diinginkan
• FIELDS: daftar kolom yang dipisahkan koma untuk dipilih dari tabel BigQuery input

Kode sumber template

Java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
package com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates;

import com.google.api.gax.rpc.InvalidArgumentException;
import com.google.api.services.bigquery.model.TableReference;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.storage.v1beta1.BigQueryStorageClient;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.storage.v1beta1.ReadOptions.TableReadOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.storage.v1beta1.Storage.CreateReadSessionRequest;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.storage.v1beta1.Storage.ReadSession;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.storage.v1beta1.TableReferenceProto;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.Template;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateCategory;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateParameter;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.common.UncaughtExceptionLogger;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.BigQueryToParquet.BigQueryToParquetOptions;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.PipelineResult;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.avro.coders.AvroCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryHelpers;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryIO.TypedRead;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.BigQueryIO.TypedRead.Method;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.SchemaAndRecord;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.parquet.ParquetIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Default;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Validation.Required;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * The {@link BigQueryToParquet} pipeline exports data from a BigQuery table to Parquet file(s) in a
 * Google Cloud Storage bucket.
 *
 * <p>Check out <a
 * href="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/DataflowTemplates/blob/main/v2/bigquery-to-parquet/README_BigQuery_to_Parquet.md">README</a>
 * for instructions on how to use or modify this template.
 */
@Template(
    name = "BigQuery_to_Parquet",
    category = TemplateCategory.BATCH,
    displayName = "BigQuery export to Parquet (via Storage API)",
    description =
        "The BigQuery export to Parquet template is a batch pipeline that reads data from a BigQuery table and writes it to a Cloud Storage bucket in Parquet format. "
            + "This template utilizes the <a href=\"https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/storage\">BigQuery Storage API</a> to export the data.",
    optionsClass = BigQueryToParquetOptions.class,
    flexContainerName = "bigquery-to-parquet",
    documentation =
        "https://cloud.google.com/dataflow/docs/guides/templates/provided/bigquery-to-parquet",
    contactInformation = "https://cloud.google.com/support",
    requirements = {
      "The input BigQuery table must exist before running the pipeline.",
      "The output Cloud Storage bucket must exist before running the pipeline."
    })
public class BigQueryToParquet {

  /* Logger for class. */
  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BigQueryToParquet.class);

  /** File suffix for file to be written. */
  private static final String FILE_SUFFIX = ".parquet";

  /** Factory to create BigQueryStorageClients. */
  static class BigQueryStorageClientFactory {

    /**
     * Creates BigQueryStorage client for use in extracting table schema.
     *
     * @return BigQueryStorageClient
     */
    static BigQueryStorageClient create() {
      try {
        return BigQueryStorageClient.create();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        LOG.error("Error connecting to BigQueryStorage API: " + e.getMessage());
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
    }
  }

  /** Factory to create ReadSessions. */
  static class ReadSessionFactory {

    /**
     * Creates ReadSession for schema extraction.
     *
     * @param client BigQueryStorage client used to create ReadSession.
     * @param tableString String that represents table to export from.
     * @param tableReadOptions TableReadOptions that specify any fields in the table to filter on.
     * @return session ReadSession object that contains the schema for the export.
     */
    static ReadSession create(
        BigQueryStorageClient client, String tableString, TableReadOptions tableReadOptions) {
      TableReference tableReference = BigQueryHelpers.parseTableSpec(tableString);
      String parentProjectId = "projects/" + tableReference.getProjectId();

      TableReferenceProto.TableReference storageTableRef =
          TableReferenceProto.TableReference.newBuilder()
              .setProjectId(tableReference.getProjectId())
              .setDatasetId(tableReference.getDatasetId())
              .setTableId(tableReference.getTableId())
              .build();

      CreateReadSessionRequest.Builder builder =
          CreateReadSessionRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(parentProjectId)
              .setReadOptions(tableReadOptions)
              .setTableReference(storageTableRef);
      try {
        return client.createReadSession(builder.build());
      } catch (InvalidArgumentException iae) {
        LOG.error("Error creating ReadSession: " + iae.getMessage());
        throw new RuntimeException(iae);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * The {@link BigQueryToParquetOptions} class provides the custom execution options passed by the
   * executor at the command-line.
   */
  public interface BigQueryToParquetOptions extends PipelineOptions {
    @TemplateParameter.BigQueryTable(
        order = 1,
        description = "BigQuery table to export",
        groupName = "Source",
        helpText = "The BigQuery input table location.",
        example = "your-project:your-dataset.your-table-name")
    @Required
    String getTableRef();

    void setTableRef(String tableRef);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsWriteFile(
        order = 2,
        description = "Output Cloud Storage file(s)",
        groupName = "Target",
        helpText = "The Cloud Storage folder to write the Parquet files to.",
        example = "gs://your-bucket/export/")
    @Required
    String getBucket();

    void setBucket(String bucket);

    @TemplateParameter.Integer(
        order = 3,
        optional = true,
        description = "Maximum output shards",
        helpText = "The number of output file shards. The default value is `1`.")
    @Default.Integer(0)
    Integer getNumShards();

    void setNumShards(Integer numShards);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 4,
        optional = true,
        description = "List of field names",
        helpText = "A comma-separated list of fields to select from the input BigQuery table.")
    String getFields();

    void setFields(String fields);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 5,
        optional = true,
        description = "Row restrictions/filter.",
        helpText =
            "Read only rows which match the specified filter, which must be a SQL expression"
                + " compatible with Google standard SQL"
                + " (https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql). If no value is"
                + " specified, then all rows are returned.")
    String getRowRestriction();

    void setRowRestriction(String restriction);
  }

  /**
   * The {@link BigQueryToParquet#getTableSchema(ReadSession)} method gets Avro schema for table
   * using from the {@link ReadSession} object.
   *
   * @param session ReadSession that contains schema for table, filtered by fields if any.
   * @return avroSchema Avro schema for table. If fields are provided then schema will only contain
   *     those fields.
   */
  private static Schema getTableSchema(ReadSession session) {
    Schema avroSchema;

    avroSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(session.getAvroSchema().getSchema());
    LOG.info("Schema for export is: " + avroSchema.toString());

    return avroSchema;
  }

  /**
   * Main entry point for pipeline execution.
   *
   * @param args Command line arguments to the pipeline.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    UncaughtExceptionLogger.register();

    BigQueryToParquetOptions options =
        PipelineOptionsFactory.fromArgs(args).withValidation().as(BigQueryToParquetOptions.class);

    run(options);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the pipeline with the supplied options.
   *
   * @param options The execution parameters to the pipeline.
   * @return The result of the pipeline execution.
   */
  private static PipelineResult run(BigQueryToParquetOptions options) {

    // Create the pipeline.
    Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.create(options);

    TableReadOptions.Builder builder = TableReadOptions.newBuilder();

    /* Add fields to filter export on, if any. */
    if (options.getFields() != null) {
      builder.addAllSelectedFields(Arrays.asList(options.getFields().split(",\\s*")));
    }

    TableReadOptions tableReadOptions = builder.build();
    BigQueryStorageClient client = BigQueryStorageClientFactory.create();
    ReadSession session =
        ReadSessionFactory.create(client, options.getTableRef(), tableReadOptions);

    // Extract schema from ReadSession
    Schema schema = getTableSchema(session);
    client.close();

    TypedRead<GenericRecord> readFromBQ =
        BigQueryIO.read(SchemaAndRecord::getRecord)
            .from(options.getTableRef())
            .withTemplateCompatibility()
            .withMethod(Method.DIRECT_READ)
            .withCoder(AvroCoder.of(schema));

    if (options.getFields() != null) {
      List<String> selectedFields = Splitter.on(",").splitToList(options.getFields());
      readFromBQ =
          selectedFields.isEmpty() ? readFromBQ : readFromBQ.withSelectedFields(selectedFields);
    }

    // Add row restrictions/filter if any.
    if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(options.getRowRestriction())) {
      readFromBQ = readFromBQ.withRowRestriction(options.getRowRestriction());
    }

    /*
     * Steps: 1) Read records from BigQuery via BigQueryIO.
     *        2) Write records to Google Cloud Storage in Parquet format.
     */
    pipeline
        /*
         * Step 1: Read records via BigQueryIO using supplied schema as a PCollection of
         *         {@link GenericRecord}.
         */
        .apply("ReadFromBigQuery", readFromBQ)
        /*
         * Step 2: Write records to Google Cloud Storage as one or more Parquet files
         *         via {@link ParquetIO}.
         */
        .apply(
            "WriteToParquet",
            FileIO.<GenericRecord>write()
                .via(ParquetIO.sink(schema))
                .to(options.getBucket())
                .withNumShards(options.getNumShards())
                .withSuffix(FILE_SUFFIX));

    // Execute the pipeline and return the result.
    return pipeline.run();
  }
}

Langkah selanjutnya

• Pelajari template Dataflow.
• Lihat daftar template yang disediakan Google.