Deploying to Cloud Run using Cloud Build

This page explains how to automatically deploy Cloud Run services using Cloud Build. If you're new to Cloud Build, read the quickstarts and the build configuration overview first.

Cloud Run enables you to run stateless containers in a serverless environment. Using Cloud Build, you can deploy container images from Container Registry (Deprecated) and Artifact Registry to Cloud Run. You can deploy an existing image, build and deploy an image, or automate the deployment.

Note: You can also use Cloud Deploy to set up a continuous-delivery pipeline to deploy to Cloud Run. Learn more.

Before you begin

• Enable the Cloud Build, Cloud Run, Container Registry, and Resource Manager APIs.

  Enable the APIs

• Have your application source code ready. Your source code needs to be stored in a repository, such as Cloud Source Repositories, GitHub, or Bitbucket.

• To run the gcloud commands in this page, install the Google Cloud CLI.

• If you're using VPC Service Controls, set up a private pool in the VPC Service Controls perimeter. You must also configure Cloud Run for VPC Service Controls.

Caution: Container Registry is deprecated and scheduled for shutdown. Organizations that haven't used Container Registry prior to January 8, 2024 have new gcr.io repositories hosted on Artifact Registry by default. Effective May 15, 2024, Google Cloud projects without previous usage of Container Registry will only support hosting and managing images for the gcr.io domain in Artifact Registry.

Container Registry is scheduled for shutdown on March 18, 2025. For details on the deprecation, see Container Registry deprecation.

Caution: Effective June 17, 2024, Cloud Source Repositories isn't available to new customers. If your organization hasn't previously used Cloud Source Repositories, you can't enable the API or use Cloud Source Repositories. New projects not connected to an organization can't enable the Cloud Source Repositories API. Organizations that have used Cloud Source Repositories prior to June 17, 2024 are not affected by this change.

Required IAM permissions

If your image is stored in the same Google Cloud project as the one you want to deploy to or if your image is public in Container Registry, you require the following IAM permissions:

To deploy to Cloud Run grant the Cloud Run Admin and Service Account User roles to the service account you are using for the build:

1. Open the Cloud Build settings page in the Google Cloud console:

   Go to the Cloud Build settings page

2. From the drop-down list, select the service account whose roles you want to change.

   

3. In the Service account permissions panel, set the status of the Cloud Run Admin role to ENABLED:

4. In the Additional steps may be required pop-up, click GRANT ACCESS TO ALL SERVICE ACCOUNTS.

Note: For increased security, grant the Service Account User role to only the Cloud Run Runtime Service Account. For instructions on doing this, see Using minimal IAM permissions.

Building and deploying a container

Cloud Build enables you to build the container image, store the built image in Container Registry, and then deploy the image to Cloud Run.

To build and deploy a container image:

1. In your project root directory, create a config file named cloudbuild.yaml.

2. In the build config file, add docker build steps to build the image and push it to Container Registry, and then add a gcloud build step to invoke the gcloud run deploy command to deploy the image on Cloud Run:

   steps:
   # Build the container image
   - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
     args: ['build', '-t', 'gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/IMAGE', '.']
   # Push the container image to Container Registry
   - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
     args: ['push', 'gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/IMAGE']
   # Deploy container image to Cloud Run
   - name: 'gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk'
     entrypoint: gcloud
     args: ['run', 'deploy', 'SERVICE_NAME', '--image', 'gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/IMAGE', '--region', 'SERVICE_REGION']
   images:
   - gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/IMAGE
   

   Where:

   • SERVICE_NAME is the name of the Cloud Run service.
   • SERVICE_REGION is the region of the Cloud Run service you are deploying.
   • PROJECT_ID is your Google Cloud project ID where your image is stored.
   • IMAGE is the name of your image in Container Registry.

3. Navigate to your project root directory and run the following command, where BUILD_REGION is one of the supported build regions to run the build:

    gcloud builds submit --region=BUILD_REGION
   

After successful completion, a success message is displayed along with the URL of the deployed service.

Continuous deployment

You can automate the deployment of your software to Cloud Run by creating Cloud Build triggers. You can configure your triggers to build and deploy images whenever you update your source code.

To automate your deployment:

1. In your repository root, add a config file named cloudbuild.yaml with steps to build the image, push the image to Container Registry, and then invoke the gcloud run deploy command:

     steps:
     # Build the container image
     - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
       args: ['build', '-t', 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/SERVICE_NAME:$COMMIT_SHA', '.']
     # Push the container image to Container Registry
     - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
       args: ['push', 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/SERVICE_NAME:$COMMIT_SHA']
     # Deploy container image to Cloud Run
     - name: 'gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk'
       entrypoint: gcloud
       args:
       - 'run'
       - 'deploy'
       - 'SERVICE_NAME'
       - '--image'
       - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/SERVICE_NAME:$COMMIT_SHA'
       - '--region'
       - 'SERVICE_REGION'
     images:
     - 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/SERVICE_NAME:$COMMIT_SHA'
   

   Where:

   • SERVICE_NAME is the name of the Cloud Run service.
   • SERVICE_REGION is the region of the Cloud Run service you are deploying.

   The use of the $COMMIT_SHA substitution variable is populated by Cloud Build when triggered from a Git repository.

2. Create a build trigger with the config file created in the previous step:

   1. Open the Triggers page:

      Go to the Triggers page

   2. Click Create Trigger.

   3. In the Name field, enter a name for your trigger.

   4. Under Region, select the region for your trigger.

      Note: The region for your trigger must match the region of the Cloud Run service you're deploying to.

   5. Under Event, select the repository event to start your trigger.

   6. Under Source, select your repository and the branch or tag name that will start your trigger. For more information on specifying which branches to autobuild, see Creating a build trigger.

   7. Under Configuration, select Cloud Build configuration file (YAML or JSON).

   8. In the Cloud Build configuration file location field, type cloudbuild.yaml after the /.

   9. Click Create to save your build trigger.

3. You are finished! From now on, whenever you push to your repository, a build and a deployment to your service is automatically invoked.

Note: To make the deployed service public, make a one-time change to the service IAM settings.

Anytime you push new code to your repository, you will automatically trigger a build and deploy to your Cloud Run service.

For more information on creating Cloud Build triggers, see Creating and managing build triggers.

Using minimal IAM permissions

When a container is deployed to a Cloud Run service, it runs with the identity of the Runtime Service Account of this Cloud Run service. Because Cloud Build can deploy new containers automatically, Cloud Build needs to be able to act as the Runtime Service Account of your Cloud Run service.

To grant limited access to Cloud Build to deploy to a Cloud Run service:

Console

1. Go to the Service accounts page of the Google Cloud console:

   Go to Service accounts

2. Click the email address of your Cloud Run service's Runtime Service Account (by default, it is [e-mail]).

3. Click the Permissions tab.

4. Click Grant access.

5. Enter the Cloud Build Service Account ([e-mail])

6. In the Select a role dropdown, select the Service Accounts > Service Account User role.

7. Click Save.

gcloud

Use the gcloud iam service-accounts add-iam-policy-binding command, where PROJECT_NUMBER is the numeric ID of your project:

gcloud iam service-accounts add-iam-policy-binding \
  [e-mail] \
  --member="serviceAccount:[e-mail]" \
  --role="roles/iam.serviceAccountUser"

Replace PROJECT_NUMBER with the numeric ID of your project.

If using Cloud Run using a customized service identity, replace [e-mail] with your service account address.

See Deployment permissions for more information.

Code examples

Here are some sample repositories, each of which contains a sample application and a build config file to deploy application to Cloud Run:

• deploy-prebuilt: A code example that shows how to deploy a prebuilt image to Cloud Run.
• run-example-builddeploy: A code example that shows how to build and deploy an image to Cloud Run.

What's next

• Learn how to use Cloud Deploy to deploy to Cloud Run.
• Learn how to deploy on GKE.
• Learn how to deploy on Cloud Run functions.
• Learn how to deploy on App Engine.
• Learn how to deploy on Firebase.
• Learn how to perform blue/green deployments on Compute Engine.
• Learn how to troubleshoot build errors.