Puedes ejecutar secuencias de comandos de Bash dentro de un paso de compilación para configurar varios flujos de trabajo, incluidos los siguientes:
Ejecución de varios comandos en un paso de compilación
Lectura del sistema de archivos.
Compilación en lógica, como reintentos o condicionales
Resultados del registro, por ejemplo, ejecución de echo $VARNAME
Usa el campo script
Cloud Build proporciona un campo script que puedes usar para especificar secuencias de comandos de shell que se ejecutarán en un paso de compilación. El campo script toma un solo valor de cadena.
Puedes anteponer el valor de la cadena con un shebang para especificar la shell que interpretará la secuencia de comandos. Por ejemplo, agrega #!/usr/bin/env bash para especificar la shell de Bash. Si no agregas un signo de exclamación al principio de la cadena de comandos, Cloud Build usa #!/bin/sh, que es la shell sh básica, no la shell de Bash.
Si especificas script en un paso de compilación, no puedes especificar args ni entrypoint en el mismo paso.
En el siguiente fragmento, se muestra el campo script:
YAML
steps:-name:'bash'script:|#!/usr/bin/env bashecho "Hello World"-name:'ubuntu'script:echo hello-name:'python'script:|#!/usr/bin/env pythonprint('hello from python')
JSON
{"steps":[{"name":"bash","script":"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello World'"},{"name":"ubuntu","script":"echo hello"},{"name":"python","script":"#!/usr/bin/env python\nprint('hello from python')\n"}]}
Usa sustituciones con el campo script
Las secuencias de comandos no admiten sustituciones directamente, pero sí variables de entorno. Puedes asignar sustituciones a variables de entorno, ya sea automáticamente todas a la vez o de forma manual si defines cada variable de entorno por tu cuenta.
Cómo asignar automáticamente las sustituciones de mapas
A nivel de la compilación. Para asignar automáticamente todas las sustituciones a las variables de entorno, que estarán disponibles durante toda la compilación, establece automapSubstitutions en true como una opción a nivel de la compilación. Por ejemplo, el siguiente archivo de configuración de compilación muestra la sustitución definida por el usuario $_USER y la sustitución predeterminada $PROJECT_ID asignada a las variables de entorno:
YAML
steps:-name:'ubuntu'script:|#!/usr/bin/env bashecho "Hello $_USER"-name:'ubuntu'script:|#!/usr/bin/env bashecho "Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID"options:automapSubstitutions:truesubstitutions:_USER:"GoogleCloud"
JSON
{"steps":[{"name":"ubuntu","script":"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello $_USER'"},{"name":"ubuntu","script":"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID'"}],"options":{"automap_substitutions":true},"substitutions":{"_USER":"Google Cloud"}}
A nivel del paso. Para asignar automáticamente todas las sustituciones y ponerlas a disposición como variables de entorno en un solo paso, configura el campo automapSubstitutions como true en ese paso. En el siguiente ejemplo, solo el segundo paso mostrará las sustituciones correctamente, ya que es el único que tiene habilitado el mapeo de sustituciones automáticas:
YAML
steps:-name:'ubuntu'script:|#!/usr/bin/env bashecho "Hello $_USER"-name:'ubuntu'script:|#!/usr/bin/env bashecho "Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID"automapSubstitutions:truesubstitutions:_USER:"GoogleCloud"
JSON
{"steps":[{"name":"ubuntu","script":"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello $_USER'"},{"name":"ubuntu","script":"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID'","automap_substitutions":true}],},"substitutions":{"_USER":"Google Cloud"}
Además, puedes hacer que las sustituciones estén disponibles como variables de
entorno en toda la compilación y, luego, ignorarlas en un paso. Establece automapSubstitutions en true a nivel de la compilación y, luego, establece el mismo campo en false en el paso en el que deseas ignorar las sustituciones. En el siguiente ejemplo, aunque las sustituciones de asignación están habilitadas a nivel de compilación, el ID del proyecto no se imprimirá en el segundo paso, ya que automapSubstitutions se establece en false en ese paso:
YAML
steps:-name:'ubuntu'script:|#!/usr/bin/env bashecho "Hello $_USER"-name:'ubuntu'script:|#!/usr/bin/env bashecho "Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID"automapSubstitutions:falseoptions:automapSubstitutions:truesubstitutions:_USER:"GoogleCloud"
JSON
{"steps":[{"name":"ubuntu","script":"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello $_USER'"},{"name":"ubuntu","script":"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID'","automap_substitutions":false}],"options":{"automap_substitutions":true},},"substitutions":{"_USER":"Google Cloud"}
Cómo asignar sustituciones de mapas de forma manual
Puedes asignar manualmente las sustituciones a las variables de entorno. Cada variable de entorno se define a nivel del paso con el campo env, y el alcance de las variables se restringe al paso en el que se definen. Este campo toma una lista de claves y valores.
En el siguiente ejemplo, se muestra cómo asignar la sustitución $PROJECT_ID a la variable de entorno BAR:
Si tu secuencia de comandos de Bash se guardó en un archivo, almacena el archivo junto con la fuente de compilación y haz referencia a este archivo en tu archivo de configuración de compilación:
Para usar una secuencia de comandos de Bash en el archivo si Bash no es el punto de entrada predeterminado de la imagen que usas, agrega un campo entrypoint que apunte a Bash:
{"steps":[{"name":"bash","args":["echo","I am running a bash command"]}]}
Si la imagen que usas viene ya preparada con bash, pero si bash no es el punto de entrada predeterminado, agrega un campo entrypoint que apunte a bash. En el siguiente ejemplo, se usa el punto de entrada bash para ejecutar comandos gcloud que consultan el estado de compilación de Cloud Build y enumeran las compilaciones con un estado de error.
{"steps":[{"name":"gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk","entrypoint":"bash","args":["-eEuo","pipefail","-c","gcloud builds list > builds.txt\nwhile read line; do\n if grep -q \"FAILURE\" <<< \"$line\"; then\n echo \"$line\"\n fi\ndone < builds.txt"]}]}
La marca -c en el código anterior se usa para ejecutar comandos de varias líneas. Cualquier string que pases después de -c se trata como un comando. Para obtener más información sobre la ejecución de comandos de bash con -c, consulta la documentación de bash.
[[["Fácil de comprender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Resolvió mi problema","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Otro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Información o código de muestra incorrectos","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Faltan la información o los ejemplos que necesito","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema de traducción","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Otro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última actualización: 2025-09-04 (UTC)"],[[["\u003cp\u003eCloud Build enables the execution of bash scripts within a build step using the \u003ccode\u003escript\u003c/code\u003e field, which can handle multiple commands, filesystem interactions, logic, and logging.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003escript\u003c/code\u003e field accepts a string value prefixed with a shebang (e.g., \u003ccode\u003e#!/usr/bin/env bash\u003c/code\u003e) to specify the desired shell; otherwise, it defaults to \u003ccode\u003e#!/bin/sh\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eSubstitutions can be used in scripts as environment variables by setting \u003ccode\u003eautomapSubstitutions\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e at either the build level or within individual steps, allowing for dynamic values.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eBash scripts can be executed from files stored with the build source by using the \u003ccode\u003eargs\u003c/code\u003e field, with the option to set an \u003ccode\u003eentrypoint\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003ebash\u003c/code\u003e if necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can run inline bash commands by specifying \u003ccode\u003ebash\u003c/code\u003e as the \u003ccode\u003ename\u003c/code\u003e in a build step and listing commands in the \u003ccode\u003eargs\u003c/code\u003e field, or using an \u003ccode\u003eentrypoint\u003c/code\u003e in conjunction with bash.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Running bash scripts\n\nThis page explains how to configure Cloud Build to run bash scripts\nwithin a build step. If you're new to Cloud Build, read the\n[quickstarts](/build/docs/quickstarts) and the\n[Build configuration overview](/build/docs/build-config) first.\n\nYou can run bash scripts within a build step to configure a number of workflows\nincluding:\n\n- Running multiple commands in one build step.\n- Reading from the filesystem.\n- Building in logic such as retries or conditionals.\n- Outputting to the log, for example, running `echo $VARNAME`.\n\nUsing the `script` field\n------------------------\n\nCloud Build provides a `script` field that you can use to specify\nshell scripts to execute in a build step. The `script` field takes a single string\nvalue.\n\nYou can prefix the string value with a [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_%28Unix%29)\nto specify the shell to interpret the script. For example, add `#!/usr/bin/env bash` to [specify the Bash shell](https://hub.docker.com/_/bash). If you don't prefix the script string with a shebang, Cloud Build uses `#!/bin/sh` which is the basic sh shell, not Bash shell.\n\nIf you specify `script` in a build step, you cannot specify `args` or `entrypoint`\nin the same step.\n\nThe following snippet demonstrates the `script` field: \n\n### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'bash'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env bash\n echo \"Hello World\"\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n script: echo hello\n - name: 'python'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env python\n print('hello from python')\n\n### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"bash\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello World'\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"script\": \"echo hello\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"python\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env python\\nprint('hello from python')\\n\"\n }\n ]\n }\n\nUsing substitutions with the `script` field\n-------------------------------------------\n\nScripts don't directly support substitutions, but they support environment\nvariables. You can map substitutions to environment variables, either\nautomatically all at once, or manually by defining every environment variable\nyourself.\n\n### Map substitutions automatically\n\n- **At the build level** . To automatically map all the substitutions to\n environment variables, which will be available throughout the entire build,\n set `automapSubstitutions` to `true` as an option at the build level. For\n example, the following build config file shows the user-defined\n substitution `$_USER` and the default substitution `$PROJECT_ID` mapped to\n environment variables:\n\n ### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env bash\n echo \"Hello $_USER\"\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env bash\n echo \"Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID\"\n options:\n automapSubstitutions: true\n substitutions:\n _USER: \"Google Cloud\"\n\n ### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello $_USER'\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID'\"\n }\n ],\n \"options\": {\n \"automap_substitutions\": true\n },\n \"substitutions\": {\n \"_USER\": \"Google Cloud\"\n }\n }\n\n- **At the step level** . To automatically map all the substitutions and make\n them available as environment variables in a single step, set the\n `automapSubstitutions` field to `true` in that step. In the following\n example, only the second step will show the substitutions correctly,\n because it's the only one with automatic substitutions mapping enabled:\n\n ### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env bash\n echo \"Hello $_USER\"\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env bash\n echo \"Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID\"\n automapSubstitutions: true\n substitutions:\n _USER: \"Google Cloud\"\n\n ### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello $_USER'\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID'\",\n \"automap_substitutions\": true\n }\n ],\n },\n \"substitutions\": {\n \"_USER\": \"Google Cloud\"\n }\n\n Additionally, you can make the substitutions available as environment\n variables in the entire build, then ignore them in one step. Set\n `automapSubstitutions` to `true` at the build level, then set the same\n field to `false` in the step where you want to ignore the substitutions. In\n the following example, even though mapping substitutions is enabled at the\n build level, the project ID will not be printed in the second step, because\n `automapSubstitutions` is set to `false` in that step: \n\n ### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env bash\n echo \"Hello $_USER\"\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n script: |\n #!/usr/bin/env bash\n echo \"Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID\"\n automapSubstitutions: false\n options:\n automapSubstitutions: true\n substitutions:\n _USER: \"Google Cloud\"\n\n ### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Hello $_USER'\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"script\": \"#!/usr/bin/env bash echo 'Your project ID is $PROJECT_ID'\",\n \"automap_substitutions\": false\n }\n ],\n \"options\": {\n \"automap_substitutions\": true\n },\n },\n \"substitutions\": {\n \"_USER\": \"Google Cloud\"\n }\n\n### Map substitutions manually\n\nYou can manually map the substitutions to environment variables. Every\nenvironment variable is defined at the step level using [the `env`\nfield](/build/docs/build-config-file-schema#env), and the scope of the variables is restricted to the step\nwhere they are defined. This field takes a list of keys and values.\n\nThe following example shows how to map the substitution `$PROJECT_ID` to the\nenvironment variable `BAR`: \n\n### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'ubuntu'\n env:\n - 'BAR=$PROJECT_ID'\n script: 'echo $BAR'\n\n### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"ubuntu\",\n \"env\": [\n \"BAR=$PROJECT_ID\"\n ],\n \"script\": \"echo $BAR\"\n }\n ]\n }\n\nRunning bash scripts on disk\n----------------------------\n\nIf you have your bash script saved in a file, store the file along with\nyour build source, and reference the script file within your build config file: \n\n### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'bash'\n args: ['./myscript.bash']\n\n### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"bash\",\n \"args\": [\n \"./myscript.bash\"\n ]\n }\n ]\n }\n\nTo use a bash script on file if bash is not the default entrypoint of the image\nyou're using, add an `entrypoint` field pointing to bash: \n\n### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud'\n entrypoint: 'bash'\n args: ['tools/myScript.sh','--foo']\n\n### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud\",\n \"entrypoint\": \"bash\",\n \"args\": [\n \"tools/myScript.sh\",\n \"--foo\"\n ]\n }\n ]\n }\n\nRunning inline bash scripts\n---------------------------\n\nTo run bash commands using the `bash` image, specify `bash` as the `name`\nof the build step, and the command in the args field: \n\n### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'bash'\n args: ['echo', 'I am running a bash command']\n\n### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"bash\",\n \"args\": [\n \"echo\",\n \"I am running a bash command\"\n ]\n }\n ]\n }\n\nIf the image you're using comes prepackaged with `bash` but if `bash` is not the\ndefault entrypoint, add an `entrypoint` field pointing to `bash`. In the example\nbelow, the `bash` entrypoint is used to run `gcloud` commands that query\nCloud Build for build status, listing builds with a failed status. \n\n### YAML\n\n steps:\n - name: 'gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk'\n entrypoint: 'bash'\n args:\n - '-eEuo'\n - 'pipefail'\n - '-c'\n - |-\n gcloud builds list \u003e builds.txt\n while read line; do\n if grep -q \"FAILURE\" \u003c\u003c\u003c \"$line\"; then\n echo \"$line\"\n fi\n done \u003c builds.txt\n\n### JSON\n\n {\n \"steps\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk\",\n \"entrypoint\": \"bash\",\n \"args\": [\n \"-eEuo\",\n \"pipefail\",\n \"-c\",\n \"gcloud builds list \u003e builds.txt\\nwhile read line; do\\n if grep -q \\\"FAILURE\\\" \u003c\u003c\u003c \\\"$line\\\"; then\\n echo \\\"$line\\\"\\n fi\\ndone \u003c builds.txt\"\n ]\n }\n ]\n }\n\nThe `-c` flag in the code above is used to execute multi-line commands. Any string\nyou pass after `-c` is treated as a command. For more information on running bash\ncommands with `-c`, see the\n[bash documentation](https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/bash/manual/bash.html#Invoking-Bash).\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- Learn how to [start a build manually](/build/docs/running-builds/start-build-manually).\n- Learn how to [automate builds using triggers](/build/docs/automating-builds/create-manage-triggers).\n- Learn how to [configure build step order](/build/docs/configuring-builds/configure-build-step-order).\n- Learn how to [use community-contributed builders and custom builders](/build/docs/configuring-builds/use-community-and-custom-builders)."]]