exporters 部分介绍了如何将收集的数据导出到 Google Cloud 项目。对于所有遥测数据，系统都会使用 Google Cloud 导出器。该导出器会将遥测数据转换为与 Cloud Trace API、Cloud Monitoring API 或 Cloud Logging API 兼容的格式。接下来，它会通过发出 API 命令将转换后的数据发送到您的Google Cloud 项目。
[[["易于理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["解决了我的问题","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["很难理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["信息或示例代码不正确","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["没有我需要的信息/示例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻译问题","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最后更新时间 (UTC)：2025-07-26。"],[],[],null,["# Instrumentation samples overview\n\nThis document describes the structure of the instrumentation samples provided\nfor the [Go](/trace/docs/setup/go), [Java](/trace/docs/setup/java),\n[Node.js](/trace/docs/setup/nodejs), and [Python](/trace/docs/setup/python) languages.\nThese samples provide guidance about how to instrument an application.\n\nYou might be interested in other samples that illustrate different\nconfigurations:\n\n- [Correlate metrics and traces by using exemplars](/stackdriver/docs/instrumentation/advanced-topics/exemplars)\n describes how to configure a Go application to generate exemplars.\n An *exemplar* is an example data point attached to a metric data point.\n You can use exemplars to correlate your trace and metric data.\n\n- [Use the Ops Agent and OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP)](/trace/docs/otlp)\n describes how you can configure the Ops Agent and an OTLP receiver to\n collect metrics and traces from an application.\n\n| **Note:** The samples display only selected portions of a working application. For example, the samples don't display the list of imported packages. However, the complete applications are available on GitHub. From a code snippet, you can open GitHub by using the *more_vert* **More** options.\n\nHow the samples work\n--------------------\n\nThe samples for Go, Java, Node.js, and Python use the\n[OpenTelemetry protocol](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otlp/) to collect trace and metric data.\nThe samples configure a logging framework to write\n[structured logs](/logging/docs/structured-logging) and the\nOpenTelemetry collector is configured to read from\nthe application's `stdout` stream. For framework recommendations, see\n[Choose an instrumentation approach](/stackdriver/docs/instrumentation/choose-approach).\n\nThe applications are built and deployed by using Docker. You don't have to\nuse Docker when you instrument an application with OpenTelemetry.\n\nYou can run the samples in the Cloud Shell, on Google Cloud\nresources, or on a local development environment.\n\nDeep dive\n---------\n\nThe samples use the [OpenTelemetry Collector](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/installation/) as a sidecar\nto receive and enrich the application's telemetry, which is then sent to your\nGoogle Cloud project by using a [Google Cloud exporter](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/main/exporter/googlecloudexporter/README.md). The exporter\nconverts the\ntelemetry into a format compatible with the Cloud Trace API, Cloud Monitoring API,\nor Cloud Logging API. Next, they send the transformed data to your\nGoogle Cloud project by issuing an API command.\n\nThe samples show how to do the following:\n\n1. Configure OpenTelemetry to collect metrics and traces by using the\n [OpenTelemetry collector](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/).\n\n If you review the samples, you'll notice that the complexity of this step\n is language dependent. For example, for Go, this step configures the\n `main` function to call a function that configures the collection of\n metrics and traces. For Go, the HTTP server and client are also updated.\n2. Configure a logging framework to write [structured logs](/logging/docs/structured-logging).\n\n We recommend that your applications write structured logs, which results\n in the log payload being formatted as a JSON object. For these logs, you can\n construct queries that search specific JSON paths and you can\n index specific fields in the log payload.\n\n Some services, like Google Kubernetes Engine, have built-in agents that scrape\n structured logs and send those logs to your Google Cloud project. Other\n services, like Compute Engine, require that you install an agent, which\n scrapes and sends your logs. If you want to learn about agents you install,\n see [Ops Agent overview](/stackdriver/docs/solutions/agents/ops-agent).\n\n You don't need to install any agents to use these samples.\n3. Configure Docker files. All samples contain the following yaml files:\n\n - `docker-compose.yaml`: Configures the services for the application,\n the [OpenTelemetry collector](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/), and a load generator.\n For example, the service for the OpenTelemetry collector, `otelcol`,\n specifies an image, a volume, and environment variables.\n The endpoint for the OpenTelemetry collector is set by the\n `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT` environment variable, which is\n specified in the `app` service.\n\n - `otel-collector-config.yaml`: Configures the receivers, exporters,\n processors, and pipelines.\n\n The `telemetry` service defines pipelines for trace, metric, and log\n data. Each pipeline entry specifies a receiver, a processor, and an\n exporter. The same receiver, `otlp`, is used for metrics and traces.\n\n The `exporters` section describes how collected data is exported to\n a Google Cloud project. For all telemetry, a Google Cloud exporter is\n utilized. The exporter converts the telemetry into a format\n compatible with the Cloud Trace API, Cloud Monitoring API, or\n Cloud Logging API. Next, it sends the transformed data to your\n Google Cloud project by issuing an API command.\n - `docker-compose.creds.yaml`: This file optionally mounts a\n Google Cloud credentials file in the `otelcol` container. This file\n is needed when a sample is run on a local machine where the\n [Application Default Credentials (ADC)](/docs/authentication/application-default-credentials) are available\n only as a file.\n\nRequired permissions\n--------------------\n\nIf you run the samples in the Cloud Shell, on Google Cloud\nresources, or on a local development environment, then the permissions listed\nin this section are sufficient. For production applications, typically a\nservice account provides the credentials to write log, metric, and trace\ndata.\n\n-\n\n To get the permissions that\n you need to for the sample applications to write log, metric, and trace data,\n\n ask your administrator to grant you the\n following IAM roles on your project:\n\n - [Logs Writer](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/logging#logging.logWriter) (`roles/logging.logWriter`)\n - [Monitoring Metric Writer](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/monitoring#monitoring.metricWriter) (`roles/monitoring.metricWriter`)\n - [Cloud Trace Agent](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/cloudtrace#cloudtrace.agent) (`roles/cloudtrace.agent`)\n\n\n\u003c!-- --\u003e\n\n-\n\n To get the permissions that\n you need to view your log, metric, and trace data,\n\n ask your administrator to grant you the\n following IAM roles on your project:\n\n - [Logs Viewer](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/logging#logging.viewer) (`roles/logging.viewer`)\n - [Monitoring Viewer](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/monitoring#monitoring.viewer) (`roles/monitoring.viewer`)\n - [Cloud Trace User](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/cloudtrace#cloudtrace.user) (`roles/cloudtrace.user`)\n\n\n For more information about granting roles, see [Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations](/iam/docs/granting-changing-revoking-access).\n\n\n You might also be able to get\n the required permissions through [custom\n roles](/iam/docs/creating-custom-roles) or other [predefined\n roles](/iam/docs/roles-overview#predefined).\n\nRequired APIs\n-------------\n\nThe following provides information about the APIs required to send\ntelemetry data to a Google Cloud project: \n\n### Google Cloud console\n\n\nEnable the Cloud Logging, Cloud Monitoring, and Cloud Trace APIs.\n\n\n[Enable the APIs](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=logging.googleapis.com,monitoring.googleapis.com,cloudtrace.googleapis.com)\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n### Google Cloud CLI\n\n\nEnable the Cloud Logging, Cloud Monitoring, and Cloud Trace APIs.\n\n\n[Enable the APIs](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=logging.googleapis.com,monitoring.googleapis.com,cloudtrace.googleapis.com)\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Go sample](/trace/docs/setup/go).\n- [Java sample](/trace/docs/setup/java).\n- [Node.js sample](/trace/docs/setup/nodejs).\n- [Python sample](/trace/docs/setup/python)."]]
