向 Cloud Tasks 队列添加 HTTP 目标任务

向 Cloud Tasks 队列添加 HTTP 目标任务

本快速入门介绍如何使用 Cloud Tasks API 向 Cloud Tasks 队列添加 HTTP 目标任务。

准备工作

Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
Install the Google Cloud CLI.
If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
gcloud init
Create or select a Google Cloud project.
Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.
• Create a Google Cloud project:

  gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

• Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

  gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.
Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.
Enable the Cloud Tasks API:
gcloud services enable cloudtasks.googleapis.com
If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
gcloud auth application-default login
You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/cloudtasks.admin, roles/logging.viewer
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE
• Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.

• Replace USER_IDENTIFIER with the identifier for your user account. For example, user:[e-mail].

• Replace ROLE with each individual role.

Install the Google Cloud CLI.

If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

gcloud init

Create or select a Google Cloud project.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

• Create a Google Cloud project:

  gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

• Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

  gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Cloud Tasks API:

gcloud services enable cloudtasks.googleapis.com

If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

gcloud auth application-default login

You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/cloudtasks.admin, roles/logging.viewer

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE

• Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.

• Replace USER_IDENTIFIER with the identifier for your user account. For example, user:[e-mail].

• Replace ROLE with each individual role.

创建 Cloud Tasks 队列

使用 gcloud tasks queues create 命令创建队列。

注意： 将 Cloud Tasks gcloud 队列管理方法与基于上传 queue.yaml/queue.xml 的方法一起使用时会存在一些风险。如需了解详情，请参阅使用队列管理或 queue.yaml。

1. 在终端中，创建一个记录所有操作的队列。

   gcloud tasks queues create QUEUE_NAME \
       --log-sampling-ratio=1.0 \
       --location=REGION
   

   替换以下内容：

   • QUEUE_NAME：Cloud Tasks 队列的名称
   • REGION：部署服务或应用的受支持的区域

2. 等待队列初始化，然后验证队列是否已成功创建。

   gcloud tasks queues describe QUEUE_NAME \
       --location=REGION
   

   输出应类似如下所示：

    name: projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION_ID/queues/QUEUE_NAME
    rateLimits:
      maxBurstSize: 100
      maxConcurrentDispatches: 1000
      maxDispatchesPerSecond: 500.0
    retryConfig:
      maxAttempts: 100
      maxBackoff: 3600s
      maxDoublings: 16
      minBackoff: 0.100s
    state: RUNNING
   

向 Cloud Tasks 队列添加任务

使用 gcloud tasks create-http-task 命令创建以 HTTP 端点为目标的任务，并将该任务添加到队列中。

1. 创建任务，将其添加到您创建的队列，然后将该任务交付给 HTTP 端点。

   gcloud tasks create-http-task \
       --queue=QUEUE_NAME \
       --url=URL_PATH \
       --method=GET \
       --location=REGION \
       --project=PROJECT_ID
   

   将 URL_PATH 替换为请求将发送到的完整网址路径。例如 https://www.google.com

   路径必须以 http:// 或 https:// 开头。

2. 通过读取日志验证任务是否已成功执行。

   gcloud logging read --limit=3
   

   日志应如下所示：

   jsonPayload:
   '@type': type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.tasks.logging.v1.TaskActivityLog
   task: projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/queues/QUEUE_NAME/tasks/TASK_ID
   taskCreationLog:
      scheduleTime: '2024-07-04T19:00:27.801837Z'
      status: OK
      targetAddress: GET https://www.google.com/
      targetType: HTTP
   

清理

为避免因本页面中使用的资源导致您的 Google Cloud 账号产生费用，请删除包含这些资源的 Google Cloud 项目。

注意：删除项目会产生以下影响：

• 项目中的所有内容都会被删除。如果您将现有项目用于本文档中的任务，则删除该项目后，还将删除您已在该项目中完成的任何其他工作。
• 自定义项目 ID 丢失。创建此项目时，您可能创建了要在将来使用的自定义项目 ID。要保留使用该项目 ID 的网址（例如 appspot.com 网址），请删除项目内的所选资源，而不是删除整个项目。

如果您打算探索多个架构、教程或快速入门，则重复使用项目可以帮助您避免超出项目配额限制。

Delete a Google Cloud project:

gcloud projects delete PROJECT_ID

或者，您也可以删除 Cloud Tasks 队列：

gcloud tasks queues delete QUEUE_NAME \
    --location=REGION

后续步骤

• 管理队列和任务
• 创建 Cloud Tasks 队列
• RPC API 参考文档
• REST API 参考