Menghubungkan ke Cloud SQL untuk PostgreSQL dengan Python melalui Soket Unix
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Membuat koneksi database ke instance Cloud SQL untuk PostgreSQL menggunakan soket Unix. Aplikasi ini menggunakan library SQLAlchemy untuk membuat mesin koneksi, yang dikonfigurasi secara khusus untuk driver pg8000. Skrip mengambil parameter koneksi yang diperlukan seperti pengguna database, sandi, nama database, dan jalur soket Unix dari variabel lingkungan. Pendekatan ini sangat berguna untuk aplikasi yang berjalan di region Google Cloud yang sama dengan instance Cloud SQL, yang menawarkan cara yang aman dan efisien untuk berkomunikasi dengan database tanpa perlu mengonfigurasi daftar yang diizinkan IP untuk koneksi TCP.
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[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],[],[],[],null,["# Connecting to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with Python via a Unix Socket\n\nEstablishes a database connection to a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance using a Unix socket. It utilizes the SQLAlchemy library to create a connection engine, configured specifically for the pg8000 driver. The script retrieves necessary connection parameters like database user, password, database name, and the Unix socket path from environment variables. This approach is particularly useful for applications running in the same Google Cloud region as the Cloud SQL instance, offering a secure and efficient way to communicate with the database without needing to configure IP allowlisting for TCP connections.\n\nExplore further\n---------------\n\n\nFor detailed documentation that includes this code sample, see the following:\n\n- [Connect from App Engine flexible environment](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-app-engine-flexible)\n- [Connect from App Engine standard environment](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-app-engine-standard)\n- [Connect from Cloud Build](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-build)\n- [Connect from Cloud Run](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-run)\n- [Connect from Cloud Run functions](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-functions)\n- [Connect using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy](/sql/docs/postgres/connect-auth-proxy)\n- [Manage database connections](/sql/docs/postgres/manage-connections)\n\nCode sample\n-----------\n\n### Python\n\n\nTo authenticate to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL, set up Application Default Credentials.\nFor more information, see\n\n[Set up authentication for a local development environment](/docs/authentication/set-up-adc-local-dev-environment).\n\n import os\n\n import sqlalchemy\n\n\n def connect_unix_socket() -\u003e sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine:\n \"\"\"Initializes a Unix socket connection pool for a Cloud SQL instance of Postgres.\"\"\"\n # Note: Saving credentials in environment variables is convenient, but not\n # secure - consider a more secure solution such as\n # Cloud Secret Manager (https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager) to help\n # keep secrets safe.\n db_user = os.environ[\"DB_USER\"] # e.g. 'my-database-user'\n db_pass = os.environ[\"DB_PASS\"] # e.g. 'my-database-password'\n db_name = os.environ[\"DB_NAME\"] # e.g. 'my-database'\n unix_socket_path = os.environ[\n \"INSTANCE_UNIX_SOCKET\"\n ] # e.g. '/cloudsql/project:region:instance'\n\n pool = sqlalchemy.create_engine(\n # Equivalent URL:\n # postgresql+pg8000://\u003cdb_user\u003e:\u003cdb_pass\u003e@/\u003cdb_name\u003e\n # ?unix_sock=\u003cINSTANCE_UNIX_SOCKET\u003e/.s.PGSQL.5432\n # Note: Some drivers require the `unix_sock` query parameter to use a different key.\n # For example, 'psycopg2' uses the path set to `host` in order to connect successfully.\n sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL.create(\n drivername=\"postgresql+pg8000\",\n username=db_user,\n password=db_pass,\n database=db_name,\n query={\"unix_sock\": f\"{unix_socket_path}/.s.PGSQL.5432\"},\n ),\n # ...\n )\n return pool\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n\nTo search and filter code samples for other Google Cloud products, see the\n[Google Cloud sample browser](/docs/samples?product=cloud_sql_postgres)."]]