创建 IaC 验证报告示例

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注意：此功能适用于 Security Command Center 的企业层级或付费层级。

本教程介绍了如何验证您的基础架构即代码 (IaC) 是否违反了贵组织的政策或安全健康分析检测器。

目标

• 创建安全状况。
• 在项目中部署状态。
• 检查 Terraform 示例文件是否存在违规问题。
• 修正 Terraform 文件中的违规问题，然后再次检查该文件以验证修复结果。

准备工作

设置权限

1. Make sure that you have the following role or roles on the organization: Project Creator and Security Posture Admin

   Check for the roles

   1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      Go to IAM
   2. Select the organization.

   3. In the Principal column, find all rows that identify you or a group that you're included in. To learn which groups you're included in, contact your administrator.

   4. For all rows that specify or include you, check the Role colunn to see whether the list of roles includes the required roles.

   Grant the roles

   1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the IAM page.

      进入 IAM
   2. 选择组织。
   3. 点击 授予访问权限。

   4. 在新的主账号字段中，输入您的用户标识符。 这通常是 Google 账号的电子邮件地址。

   5. 在选择角色列表中，选择一个角色。
   6. 如需授予其他角色，请点击 添加其他角色，然后添加其他各个角色。
   7. 点击 Save（保存）。

   设置 Cloud Shell

   1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

      Activate Cloud Shell

      At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

   2. 查找您的组织 ID：

      gcloud organizations list

准备环境

1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
2. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

3. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

   gcloud init

4. Create or select a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   • Create a Google Cloud project:

     gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

     Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

   • Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

     gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

     Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

5. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

6. Enable the Security posture service and Security Command Center management APIs:

   gcloud services enable securityposture.googleapis.com  securitycentermanagement.googleapis.com

7. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

8. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

   gcloud init

9. Create or select a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   • Create a Google Cloud project:

     gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

     Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

   • Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

     gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

     Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

10. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

11. Enable the Security posture service and Security Command Center management APIs:

    gcloud services enable securityposture.googleapis.com  securitycentermanagement.googleapis.com

12. 复制项目编号。在部署配置时，您需要使用项目编号来设置目标资源。

    gcloud projects describe PROJECT_ID

13. 初始化 Terraform：

    terraform init

创建和部署安全状况

1. 在 Cloud Shell 中，启动 Cloud Shell Editor。如需启动编辑器，请点击 Cloud Shell 窗口工具栏上的 打开编辑器。

2. 创建一个名为 example-standard.yaml 的 YAML 文件。

3. 将以下代码粘贴到您的文件中：

   name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postures/example-standard
   state: ACTIVE
   policySets:
   - policySetId: policySet1
   policies:
   - constraint:
     orgPolicyConstraintCustom:
       customConstraint:
         actionType: ALLOW
         condition: "resource.initialNodeCount == 3"
         description: Set initial node count to be exactly 3.
         displayName: fixedNodeCount
         methodTypes:
         - CREATE
         name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.fixedNodeCount
         resourceTypes:
         - container.googleapis.com/NodePool
       policyRules:
       - enforce: true
   policyId: fixedNodeCount
   - constraint:
     securityHealthAnalyticsCustomModule:
       config:
         customOutput: {}
         description: Set MTU for a network to be exactly 1000.
         predicate:
           expression: "!(resource.mtu == 1000)"
         recommendation: Only create networks whose MTU is 1000.
         resourceSelector:
           resourceTypes:
           - compute.googleapis.com/Network
         severity: HIGH
       displayName: fixedMTU
       moduleEnablementState: ENABLED
   policyId: fixedMTU
   - constraint:
     securityHealthAnalyticsModule:
       moduleEnablementState: ENABLED
       moduleName: BUCKET_POLICY_ONLY_DISABLED
   policyId: bucket_policy_only_disabled
   - constraint:
     securityHealthAnalyticsModule:
       moduleEnablementState: ENABLED
       moduleName: BUCKET_LOGGING_DISABLED
   policyId: bucket_logging_disabled

   将 ORGANIZATION_ID 替换为您的组织 ID。

4. 在 Cloud Shell 中，创建状态：

   gcloud scc postures create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postures/example-standard --posture-from-file=example-standard.yaml
   

5. 复制该命令生成的设备状态修订 ID。

6. 将此状态配置部署到您的项目：

   gcloud scc posture-deployments create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postureDeployments/example-standard \
   --posture-name=organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global/postures/example-standard \
   --posture-revision-id="POSTURE_REVISION_ID" \
   --target-resource=projects/PROJECT_NUMBER
   

   替换以下内容：

   • ORGANIZATION_ID：您的组织 ID。
   • POSTURE REVISION_ID：您复制的设备状态修订 ID。
   • PROJECT_NUMBER：您的项目编号。

创建 Terraform 文件并进行验证

1. 在 Cloud Shell 中，启动 Cloud Shell Editor。

2. 创建一个名为 main.tf 的 Terraform 文件。

3. 将以下代码粘贴到您的文件中：

   terraform {
     required_providers {
       google = {
         source  = "hashicorp/google"
       }
     }
   }
   
   provider "google" {
     region  = "us-central1"
     zone    = "us-central1-c"
   }
   
   resource "google_compute_network" "example_network"{
     name                            = "example-network-1"
     delete_default_routes_on_create = false
     auto_create_subnetworks         = false
     routing_mode                    = "REGIONAL"
     mtu                             = 100
     project                         = "PROJECT_ID"
   }
   
   resource "google_container_node_pool" "example_node_pool" {
     name               = "example-node-pool-1"
     cluster            = "example-cluster-1"
     project            = "PROJECT_ID"
     initial_node_count = 2
   
     node_config {
       preemptible  = true
       machine_type = "e2-medium"
     }
   }
   
   resource "google_storage_bucket" "example_bucket" {
     name          = "example-bucket-1"
     location      = "EU"
     force_destroy = true
   
     project = "PROJECT_ID"
   
     uniform_bucket_level_access = false
   }
   

   将 PROJECT_ID 替换为您创建的项目的 ID。

4. 在 Cloud Shell 中，创建 Terraform 方案文件并将其转换为 JSON 格式：

   terraform plan -out main.plan
   terraform show -json main.plan > mainplan.json
   

5. 为 mainplan.json 创建 IaC 验证报告：

   gcloud scc iac-validation-reports create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global --tf-plan-file=mainplan.json
   

   此命令会返回一份 IaC 验证报告，其中说明了以下违规情况：

   • example_network 的 mtu 不是 1000。
   • example_node_pool 的 initial_node_count 不是 3。
   • example_bucket 未启用统一存储桶级访问权限。
   • example_bucket 未启用日志记录。

解决违规

1. 在 Cloud Shell 中，启动 Cloud Shell Editor。

2. 更新 main.tf 文件，并进行以下更改：

   terraform {
     required_providers {
       google = {
         source  = "hashicorp/google"
       }
     }
   }
   
   provider "google" {
     region  = "us-central1"
     zone    = "us-central1-c"
   }
   
   resource "google_compute_network" "example_network"{
     name                            = "example-network-1"
     delete_default_routes_on_create = false
     auto_create_subnetworks         = false
     routing_mode                    = "REGIONAL"
     mtu                             = 1000
     project                         = "PROJECT_ID"
   }
   
   resource "google_container_node_pool" "example_node_pool" {
     name               = "example-node-pool-1"
     cluster            = "example-cluster-1"
     project            = "PROJECT_ID"
     initial_node_count = 3
   
     node_config {
       preemptible  = true
       machine_type = "e2-medium"
     }
   }
   
   resource "google_storage_bucket" "example_bucket" {
     name          = "example-bucket-1"
     location      = "EU"
     force_destroy = true
   
     project = "PROJECT_ID"
     uniform_bucket_level_access = true
   
     logging {
       log_bucket   = "my-unique-logging-bucket" // Create a separate bucket for logs
       log_object_prefix = "tf-logs/"             // Optional prefix for better structure
     }
   }
   

   将 PROJECT_ID 替换为您创建的项目的 ID。

3. 在 Cloud Shell 中，创建 Terraform 方案文件并将其转换为 JSON 格式：

   terraform plan -out main.plan
   terraform show -json main.plan > mainplan.json
   

4. 重新创建 mainplan.json 的 IaC 验证报告：

   gcloud scc iac-validation-reports create organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/locations/global --tf-plan-file=mainplan.json
   

清理

为避免因本教程中使用的资源导致您的 Google Cloud 账号产生费用，请删除包含这些资源的项目，或者保留项目但删除各个资源。

删除项目

注意：删除项目会产生以下影响：

• 项目中的所有内容都会被删除。如果您将现有项目用于本文档中的任务，则删除该项目后，还将删除您已在该项目中完成的任何其他工作。
• 自定义项目 ID 丢失。创建此项目时，您可能创建了要在将来使用的自定义项目 ID。要保留使用该项目 ID 的网址（例如 appspot.com 网址），请删除项目内的所选资源，而不是删除整个项目。

如果您打算探索多个架构、教程或快速入门，则重复使用项目可以帮助您避免超出项目配额限制。

Delete a Google Cloud project:

gcloud projects delete PROJECT_ID

后续步骤

• 查看根据贵组织的政策验证 IaC。
• 探索有关 Google Cloud 的参考架构、图表和最佳做法。查看我们的 Cloud 架构中心。