Como listar descobertas de segurança usando a API Security Command Center

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As descobertas do Security Command Center modelam os possíveis riscos à segurança dos recursos de uma organização. Uma descoberta sempre está relacionada a um recurso específico no Security Command Center.

Este guia mostra como usar as bibliotecas de cliente do Security Command Center para acessar as descobertas de uma organização. Cada descoberta pertence a uma fonte. A maioria dos provedores de descobertas e detectores produz descobertas na mesma fonte.

Os papéis do Security Command Center são concedidos no nível da organização, da pasta ou do projeto. A capacidade de visualizar, editar, criar ou atualizar descobertas, recursos, fontes de segurança e marcas de segurança depende do nível ao qual você recebe acesso. Para saber mais sobre os papéis do Security Command Center, consulte Controle de acesso.

Antes de começar

Antes de configurar uma fonte, faça o seguinte:

Tamanho da página

Todas as APIs de lista do Security Command Center são paginadas. Cada resposta retorna uma página de resultados e um token para retornar a próxima página. O tamanho da página é configurável. O pageSize padrão é 10, ele pode ser definido como no mínimo 1 e no máximo 1.000.

Retenção de descobertas

As descobertas contêm uma série de snapshots event_time que capturam o estado e as propriedades da descoberta sempre que uma vulnerabilidade ou ameaça associada é encontrada durante as verificações.

O Security Command Center armazena snapshots por 13 meses a partir da event_time ou do evento em que o evento ocorreu. Depois de 13 meses, a descoberta de snapshots e os respectivos dados é excluída do banco de dados do Security Command Center e não pode ser recuperada. Isso resulta em menos snapshots em uma descoberta, limitando a capacidade de visualizar o histórico de uma descoberta e como ela muda ao longo do tempo.

Uma descoberta persiste no Security Command Center, desde que contenha pelo menos um snapshot com um event_time mais recente do que 13 meses. Para manter as descobertas e todos os dados deles por períodos mais longos, exporte-os para outro local de armazenamento. Leia Como exportar dados do Security Command Center para ver instruções.

Como listar todas as descobertas em uma organização

gcloud

  # ORGANIZATION_ID=organization-id

  gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID

Para mais exemplos, execute:

  gcloud scc findings list --help

Python

from google.cloud import securitycenter

# Create a client.
client = securitycenter.SecurityCenterClient()

# organization_id is the numeric ID of the organization. e.g.:
# organization_id = "111122222444"
org_name = "organizations/{org_id}".format(org_id=organization_id)
# The "sources/-" suffix lists findings across all sources.  You
# also use a specific source_name instead.
all_sources = "{org_name}/sources/-".format(org_name=org_name)
finding_result_iterator = client.list_findings(request={"parent": all_sources})
for i, finding_result in enumerate(finding_result_iterator):
    print(
        "{}: name: {} resource: {}".format(
            i, finding_result.finding.name, finding_result.finding.resource_name
        )
    )

Java

static ImmutableList<ListFindingsResult> listAllFindings(OrganizationName organizationName) {
  try (SecurityCenterClient client = SecurityCenterClient.create()) {
    // OrganizationName organizationName = OrganizationName.of(/*organizationId=*/"123234324");
    // "-" Indicates listing across all sources.
    SourceName sourceName = SourceName.of(organizationName.getOrganization(), "-");

    ListFindingsRequest.Builder request =
        ListFindingsRequest.newBuilder().setParent(sourceName.toString());

    // Call the API.
    ListFindingsPagedResponse response = client.listFindings(request.build());

    // This creates one list for all findings.  If your organization has a large number of
    // findings this can cause out of memory issues.  You can process them in incrementally
    // by returning the Iterable returned response.iterateAll() directly.
    ImmutableList<ListFindingsResult> results = ImmutableList.copyOf(response.iterateAll());
    System.out.println("Findings:");
    System.out.println(results);
    return results;
  } catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't create client.", e);
  }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	securitycenter "cloud.google.com/go/securitycenter/apiv1"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	securitycenterpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/securitycenter/v1"
)

// listFindings prints all findings in orgID to w.  orgID is the numeric
// identifier of the organization.
func listFindings(w io.Writer, orgID string) error {
	// orgID := "12321311"
	// Instantiate a context and a security service client to make API calls.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := securitycenter.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("securitycenter.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	req := &securitycenterpb.ListFindingsRequest{
		// List findings across all sources.
		Parent: fmt.Sprintf("organizations/%s/sources/-", orgID),
	}
	it := client.ListFindings(ctx, req)
	for {
		result, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("it.Next: %v", err)
		}
		finding := result.Finding
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Finding Name: %s, ", finding.Name)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Resource Name %s, ", finding.ResourceName)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Category: %s\n", finding.Category)
	}
	return nil
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {SecurityCenterClient} = require('@google-cloud/security-center');

// Creates a new client.
const client = new SecurityCenterClient();
//  organizationId is the numeric ID of the organization.
/*
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines
 */
// const organizationId = "1234567777";

async function listAllFindings() {
  const [response] = await client.listFindings({
    // List findings across all sources.
    parent: `organizations/${organizationId}/sources/-`,
  });
  let count = 0;
  Array.from(response).forEach(result =>
    console.log(
      `${++count} ${result.finding.name} ${result.finding.resourceName}`
    )
  );
}
listAllFindings();

A saída para cada descoberta é semelhante à seguinte:

finding:
  category: 'Persistence: IAM Anomalous Grant'
  createTime: '2020-09-13T12:30:10.248Z'
  eventTime: '2020-09-13T12:30:09.528Z'
  name: organizations/organization-id/sources/source-id/findings/finding-id
  parent: organizations/organization-id/sources/source-id
  resourceName: //cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/project-number
  securityMarks:
    name: organizations/organization-id/sources/source-id/findings/finding-id/securityMarks
  sourceProperties:
    affectedResources:
    - gcpResourceName: //cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/project-number
    detectionCategory:
      indicator: audit_log
      ruleName: iam_anomalous_grant
      subRuleName: service_account_granted_sensitive_role_to_member
      technique: persistence
    detectionPriority: HIGH
    evidence:
    - sourceLogId:
        insertId: insert-id
        projectId: project-id
        timestamp:
          nanos: 183000000
          seconds: '1600000206'
    findingId: finding-id
    properties:
      sensitiveRoleGrant:
        bindingDeltas:
        - action: ADD
          member: user:user-email@gmail.com
          role: roles/editor
        members:
        - user:user-email@gmail.com
        principalEmail: principal-email.iam.gserviceaccount.com
    sourceId:
      customerOrganizationNumber: 'organization-id'
      projectNumber: 'project-number'
  state: ACTIVE
resource:
  name: //cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/project-number
  parentDisplayName: organization-name
  parentName: //cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/folders/folder-id
  projectDisplayName: project-id
  projectName: //cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/project-number

Como filtrar descobertas

Uma organização pode ter muitas descobertas. O exemplo anterior não usa um filtro, portanto, todos os registros de descoberta são retornados. O Security Command Center permite que você use filtros de localização para receber informações somente sobre as descobertas que quer e limitar o pai a uma fonte específica.

Os filtros de localização são como cláusulas "onde" nas instruções SQL, exceto que em vez de colunas, eles se aplicam aos objetos retornados pela API.

Veja abaixo um exemplo de listagem de descobertas que têm a categoria "MEDIUM_RISK_ONE". As categorias específicas podem mudar, e você precisa consultar a documentação de um provedor de descoberta para determinar as categorias usadas.

gcloud

  # ORGANIZATION_ID=organization-id
  # SOURCE_ID="source-id"
  FILTER="category=\"MEDIUM_RISK_ONE\""

  gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID --filter="$FILTER"

Para mais exemplos, execute:

  gcloud scc findings list --help

Python

from google.cloud import securitycenter

# Create a new client.
client = securitycenter.SecurityCenterClient()

# source_name is the resource path for a source that has been
# created previously (you can use list_sources to find a specific one).
# Its format is:
# source_name = "organizations/{organization_id}/sources/{source_id}"
# e.g.:
# source_name = "organizations/111122222444/sources/1234"
# You an also use a wild-card "-" for all sources:
#   source_name = "organizations/111122222444/sources/-"
finding_result_iterator = client.list_findings(
    request={"parent": source_name, "filter": 'category="MEDIUM_RISK_ONE"'}
)
# Iterate an print all finding names and the resource they are
# in reference to.
for i, finding_result in enumerate(finding_result_iterator):
    print(
        "{}: name: {} resource: {}".format(
            i, finding_result.finding.name, finding_result.finding.resource_name
        )
    )

Java

static ImmutableList<ListFindingsResult> listFilteredFindings(SourceName sourceName) {
  try (SecurityCenterClient client = SecurityCenterClient.create()) {
    // SourceName sourceName = SourceName.of(/*organizationId=*/"123234324",
    // /*sourceId=*/"423432321");

    // Create filter to category of MEDIUM_RISK_ONE
    String filter = "category=\"MEDIUM_RISK_ONE\"";

    ListFindingsRequest.Builder request =
        ListFindingsRequest.newBuilder().setParent(sourceName.toString()).setFilter(filter);

    // Call the API.
    ListFindingsPagedResponse response = client.listFindings(request.build());

    // This creates one list for all findings.  If your organization has a large number of
    // findings this can cause out of memory issues.  You can process them in incrementally
    // by returning the Iterable returned response.iterateAll() directly.
    ImmutableList<ListFindingsResult> results = ImmutableList.copyOf(response.iterateAll());
    System.out.println("Findings:");
    System.out.println(results);
    return results;
  } catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't create client.", e);
  }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	securitycenter "cloud.google.com/go/securitycenter/apiv1"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	securitycenterpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/securitycenter/v1"
)

// listFilteredFindings prints findings with category 'MEDIUM_RISK_ONE' for a
// specific source to w. sourceName is the full resource name of the source
// to search for findings under.
func listFilteredFindings(w io.Writer, sourceName string) error {
	// Specific source.
	// sourceName := "organizations/111122222444/sources/1234"
	// All sources.
	// sourceName := "organizations/111122222444/sources/-"
	// Instantiate a context and a security service client to make API calls.
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := securitycenter.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("securitycenter.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	req := &securitycenterpb.ListFindingsRequest{
		Parent: sourceName,
		Filter: `category="MEDIUM_RISK_ONE"`,
	}
	it := client.ListFindings(ctx, req)
	for {
		result, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("it.Next: %v", err)
		}
		finding := result.Finding
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Finding Name: %s, ", finding.Name)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Resource Name %s, ", finding.ResourceName)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Category: %s\n", finding.Category)
	}
	return nil
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {SecurityCenterClient} = require('@google-cloud/security-center');

// Creates a new client.
const client = new SecurityCenterClient();
//  sourceName is the full resource path of the source to search for
//  findings.
/*
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines
 */
// const sourceName = "organizations/111122222444/sources/1234";

async function listFilteredFindings() {
  const [response] = await client.listFindings({
    // List findings across all sources.
    parent: sourceName,
    filter: 'category="MEDIUM_RISK_ONE"',
  });
  let count = 0;
  Array.from(response).forEach(result =>
    console.log(
      `${++count} ${result.finding.name} ${result.finding.resourceName}`
    )
  );
}
listFilteredFindings();

O Security Command Center também é compatível com matrizes e objetos JSON completos como tipos de propriedade em potencial. É possível filtrar por:

  • Elementos de matriz
  • Objetos JSON completos com correspondência parcial de string no objeto
  • Subcampos de objetos JSON

Os subcampos precisam ser números, strings ou booleanos e precisam usar os seguintes operadores:

  • Strings:
    • Equalização completa =
    • String parcial correspondente a :
  • Números:
    • Desigualdades <, >, <=, >=
    • Equalização =
  • Booleanos:
    • Equalização =

Os exemplos posteriormente nesta página pressupõem que o seguinte objeto JSON é uma propriedade de fonte em uma descoberta:

{
    "outer_object": {
        "middle_object": {
            "deeply_nested_object": {
                "x": 123,
            },
            "y": "some-string-value",
        },
        "z": "some-other-string-value",
        "u": ["list-element-1", "list-element-2", "list-element-3", ],
    },
}

Exemplo de filtragem de descobertas

Neste exemplo, o objeto JSON anterior é uma propriedade de fonte chamada my_property em uma descoberta. O exemplo a seguir inclui consultas para descobertas que têm o objeto como uma propriedade. Você também pode usar esses filtros com outros filtros usando AND e OR na consulta.

# ORGANIZATION_ID=organization-id
# SOURCE_ID="source-id"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.middle_object.deeply_nested_object.x = 123"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.middle_object.y = \"some-string-value\""

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.middle_object.y : \"string-value\""

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.z = \"some-other-string-value\""

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.z : \"other-string-value\""

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.u : \"list-element-1\""

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.u : \"list-element-2\""

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --filter="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.u : \"list-element-3\""

Exemplo de classificação de descobertas

É possível classificar as descobertas por subcampos rígidos que são tipos primitivos: strings, números e booleanos. Neste exemplo, o objeto JSON anterior é uma propriedade de fonte chamada my_property em uma descoberta. O exemplo a seguir inclui consultas para classificar os campos de descoberta:

# ORGANIZATION_ID=organization-id
# SOURCE_ID="source-id"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --order-by="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.middle_object.deeply_nested_object.x DESC"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --order-by="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.middle_object.deeply_nested_object.x"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --order-by="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.middle_object.y DESC"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --order-by="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.middle_object.y"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --order-by="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.z DESC"

gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID \
  --order-by="source_properties.my_property.outer_object.z"

Consultas pontuais

O Security Command Center permite listar descobertas em um determinado período de snapshot de até 13 meses. Leia Como encontrar a retenção para mais informações.

gcloud

  # ORGANIZATION_ID=organization-id
  # SOURCE_ID="source-id"
  # READ_TIME follows the format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.ffffffZ
  READ_TIME=2019-02-28T07:00:06.861Z

  gcloud scc findings list $ORGANIZATION_ID --source=$SOURCE_ID --read-time=$READ_TIME

Para mais exemplos, execute:

  gcloud scc findings list --help

Python

from google.cloud import securitycenter
from datetime import timedelta, datetime

# Create a new client.
client = securitycenter.SecurityCenterClient()

# source_name is the resource path for a source that has been
# created previously (you can use list_sources to find a specific one).
# Its format is:
# source_name = "organizations/{organization_id}/sources/{source_id}"
# e.g.:
# source_name = "organizations/111122222444/sources/1234"
# You an also use a wild-card "-" for all sources:
#   source_name = "organizations/111122222444/sources/-"
five_days_ago = str(datetime.now() - timedelta(days=5))

finding_result_iterator = client.list_findings(
    request={"parent": source_name, "filter": five_days_ago}
)
for i, finding_result in enumerate(finding_result_iterator):
    print(
        "{}: name: {} resource: {}".format(
            i, finding_result.finding.name, finding_result.finding.resource_name
        )
    )

Java

static ImmutableList<ListFindingsResult> listFindingsAtTime(SourceName sourceName) {
  try (SecurityCenterClient client = SecurityCenterClient.create()) {
    // SourceName sourceName = SourceName.of(/*organizationId=*/"123234324",
    // /*sourceId=*/"423432321");

    // 5 days ago
    Instant fiveDaysAgo = Instant.now().minus(Duration.ofDays(5));

    ListFindingsRequest.Builder request =
        ListFindingsRequest.newBuilder()
            .setParent(sourceName.toString())
            .setReadTime(
                Timestamp.newBuilder()
                    .setSeconds(fiveDaysAgo.getEpochSecond())
                    .setNanos(fiveDaysAgo.getNano()));

    // Call the API.
    ListFindingsPagedResponse response = client.listFindings(request.build());

    // This creates one list for all findings.  If your organization has a large number of
    // findings this can cause out of memory issues.  You can process them in incrementally
    // by returning the Iterable returned response.iterateAll() directly.
    ImmutableList<ListFindingsResult> results = ImmutableList.copyOf(response.iterateAll());
    System.out.println("Findings:");
    System.out.println(results);
    return results;
  } catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't create client.", e);
  }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	securitycenter "cloud.google.com/go/securitycenter/apiv1"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	securitycenterpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/securitycenter/v1"
)

// listFindingsAtTime prints findings that where present for a specific source
// as of five days ago to w. sourceName is the full resource name of the
// source to search for findings under.
func listFindingsAtTime(w io.Writer, sourceName string) error {
	// Specific source.
	// sourceName := "organizations/111122222444/sources/1234"
	// All sources.
	// sourceName := "organizations/111122222444/sources/-"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := securitycenter.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("securitycenter.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.
	fiveDaysAgo, err := ptypes.TimestampProto(time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -5))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Error converting five days ago: %v", err)
	}

	req := &securitycenterpb.ListFindingsRequest{
		Parent:   sourceName,
		ReadTime: fiveDaysAgo,
	}
	it := client.ListFindings(ctx, req)
	for {
		result, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("it.Next: %v", err)
		}
		finding := result.Finding
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Finding Name: %s, ", finding.Name)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Resource Name %s, ", finding.ResourceName)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Category: %s\n", finding.Category)
	}
	return nil
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {SecurityCenterClient} = require('@google-cloud/security-center');

// Creates a new client.
const client = new SecurityCenterClient();
// sourceName is the fully qualified source name to search for findings
// under.
/*
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines
 */
// const sourceName = "organizations/111122222444/sources/1234";

const fiveDaysAgo = new Date();
fiveDaysAgo.setDate(fiveDaysAgo.getDate() - 5);

async function listFindingsAtTime() {
  const [response] = await client.listFindings({
    // List findings across all sources.
    parent: sourceName,
    readTime: {
      seconds: Math.floor(fiveDaysAgo.getTime() / 1000),
      nanos: (fiveDaysAgo.getTime() % 1000) * 1e6,
    },
  });
  let count = 0;
  Array.from(response).forEach(result =>
    console.log(
      `${++count} ${result.finding.name} ${result.finding.resourceName}`
    )
  );
}
listFindingsAtTime();

Exemplos de filtros

Veja a seguir alguns outros filtros de descoberta úteis.

Descobertas que ocorreram após um ponto no tempo

Esses filtros de exemplo correspondem às descobertas mais recentes após quarta-feira, 5 de junho de 2019, às 22:12:05 GMT. Com o filtro event_time, é possível expressar tempo usando os seguintes formatos e tipos:

  • Tempo Unix (em milissegundos) como um literal inteiro

    "event_time > 1559772725000"

  • RFC 3339 como um literal de string

    "event_time > \"2019-06-05T22:34:40+00:00\""

A seguir

Saiba mais em Como configurar notificações de localização.