Modello di flussi di modifiche di Spanner al database di origine

Pipeline di streaming. Legge i dati dai flussi di modifiche di Spanner e li scrive in un'origine.

Parametri del modello

Parametro Descrizione
changeStreamName Il nome dello stream di modifiche Spanner da cui la pipeline legge.
instanceId Il nome dell'istanza Spanner in cui è presente il flusso di modifiche.
databaseId Il nome del database Spanner monitorato dal flusso di modifiche.
spannerProjectId Il nome del progetto Spanner.
metadataInstance L'istanza in cui memorizzare i metadati utilizzati dal connettore per controllare il consumo dei dati dell'API stream delle modifiche.
metadataDatabase Il database in cui memorizzare i metadati utilizzati dal connettore per controllare il consumo dei dati dell'API flusso di modifiche.
sourceShardsFilePath Percorso di un file Cloud Storage contenente le informazioni del profilo di connessione per i frammenti di origine.
startTimestamp (Facoltativo) Il timestamp iniziale per la lettura delle modifiche. Il valore predefinito è vuoto.
endTimestamp (Facoltativo) Il timestamp di fine per la lettura delle modifiche. Se non viene fornito alcun timestamp, la lettura avviene a tempo indeterminato. Il valore predefinito è vuoto.
shadowTablePrefix (Facoltativo) Il prefisso utilizzato per assegnare un nome alle tabelle shadow. Valore predefinito: shadow_.
sessionFilePath (Facoltativo) Percorso della sessione in Cloud Storage contenente le informazioni di mappatura di HarbourBridge.
filtrationMode (Facoltativo) Modalità di filtrazione. Specifica come eliminare determinati record in base a un criterio. Le modalità supportate sono: none (non filtra nulla), forward_migration (filtra i record scritti utilizzando la pipeline di migrazione in avanti). Il valore predefinito è forward_migration.
shardingCustomJarPath (Facoltativo) Posizione del file JAR personalizzato in Cloud Storage contenente la logica di personalizzazione per il recupero dell'ID shard. Se imposti questo parametro, imposta il parametro shardingCustomJarPath. Il valore predefinito è vuoto.
shardingCustomClassName (Facoltativo) Nome di classe completo con l'implementazione dell'ID shard personalizzato. Se viene specificato shardingCustomJarPath, questo parametro è obbligatorio. Il valore predefinito è vuoto.
shardingCustomParameters (Facoltativo) Stringa contenente eventuali parametri personalizzati da passare alla classe di suddivisione personalizzata. Il valore predefinito è vuoto.
sourceDbTimezoneOffset (Facoltativo) La differenza di fuso orario rispetto a UTC per il database di origine. Valore di esempio: +10:00. Il valore predefinito è +00:00.
dlqGcsPubSubSubscription (Facoltativo) L'abbonamento Pub/Sub utilizzato in un criterio di notifica Cloud Storage per la directory di ripetizione della coda di lavoro filtrata quando viene eseguito in modalità normale. Il nome deve essere nel formato projects/<project-id>/subscriptions/<subscription-name>. Se impostato, deadLetterQueueDirectory e dlqRetryMinutes vengono ignorati.
skipDirectoryName (Facoltativo) I record ignorati dalla replica inversa vengono scritti in questa directory. Il nome predefinito della directory è skip.
maxShardConnections (Facoltativo) Il numero massimo di connessioni che un determinato shard può accettare. Il valore predefinito è 10000.
deadLetterQueueDirectory (Facoltativo) Il percorso utilizzato per archiviare l'output della coda di errori. Il percorso predefinito è una directory nella posizione temporanea del job Dataflow.
dlqMaxRetryCount (Facoltativo) Il numero massimo di volte in cui è possibile ritentare gli errori temporanei tramite la coda dei messaggi non recapitabili. Il valore predefinito è 500.
runMode (Facoltativo) Il tipo di modalità di esecuzione. Valori supportati: regular, retryDLQ. Valore predefinito: regular. Specifica retryDLQ per eseguire nuovamente il tentativo solo per i record della coda delle email inutilizzate gravi.
dlqRetryMinutes (Facoltativo) Il numero di minuti tra i tentativi nella coda di messaggi non recapitabili. Il valore predefinito è 10.

Esegui il modello

  1. Vai alla pagina Crea job da modello di Dataflow.
  2. Vai a Crea job da modello
  3. Nel campo Nome job, inserisci un nome univoco per il job.
  4. (Facoltativo) Per Endpoint a livello di regione, seleziona un valore dal menu a discesa. La regione predefinita è us-central1.

    Per un elenco delle regioni in cui puoi eseguire un job Dataflow, consulta Località di Dataflow.

  5. Nel menu a discesa Modello di flusso di dati, seleziona the Spanner Change Streams to Source Database template.
  6. Nei campi dei parametri forniti, inserisci i valori dei parametri.
  7. Fai clic su Esegui job.

Nella shell o nel terminale, esegui il modello:

gcloud dataflow flex-template run JOB_NAME \
    --template-file-gcs-location=gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/VERSION/flex/Spanner_to_SourceDb \
    --project=PROJECT_ID \
    --region=REGION_NAME \
    --parameters \
       changeStreamName=CHANGE_STREAM_NAME,\
       instanceId=INSTANCE_ID,\
       databaseId=DATABASE_ID,\
       spannerProjectId=SPANNER_PROJECT_ID,\
       metadataInstance=METADATA_INSTANCE,\
       metadataDatabase=METADATA_DATABASE,\
       sourceShardsFilePath=SOURCE_SHARDS_FILE_PATH,\

Sostituisci quanto segue:

  • JOB_NAME: un nome di job univoco a tua scelta
  • VERSION: la versione del modello che vuoi utilizzare

    Puoi utilizzare i seguenti valori:

  • REGION_NAME: la regione in cui vuoi eseguire il deployment del job Dataflow, ad esempio us-central1
  • CHANGE_STREAM_NAME: il nome del flusso di modifiche da cui leggere
  • INSTANCE_ID: l'ID istanza Cloud Spanner.
  • DATABASE_ID: l'ID del database Cloud Spanner.
  • SPANNER_PROJECT_ID: l'ID progetto Cloud Spanner.
  • METADATA_INSTANCE: l'istanza Cloud Spanner per archiviare i metadati durante la lettura da changestream
  • METADATA_DATABASE: il database Cloud Spanner per archiviare i metadati durante la lettura da changestream
  • SOURCE_SHARDS_FILE_PATH: il percorso del file GCS contenente i dettagli del frammento di origine

Per eseguire il modello utilizzando l'API REST, invia una richiesta POST HTTP. Per ulteriori informazioni sull'API e sui relativi ambiti di autorizzazione, consulta projects.templates.launch.

POST https://dataflow.googleapis.com/v1b3/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/flexTemplates:launch
{
   "launchParameter": {
     "jobName": "JOB_NAME",
     "parameters": {
       "changeStreamName": "CHANGE_STREAM_NAME",
       "instanceId": "INSTANCE_ID",
       "databaseId": "DATABASE_ID",
       "spannerProjectId": "SPANNER_PROJECT_ID",
       "metadataInstance": "METADATA_INSTANCE",
       "metadataDatabase": "METADATA_DATABASE",
       "sourceShardsFilePath": "SOURCE_SHARDS_FILE_PATH",
     },
     "containerSpecGcsPath": "gs://dataflow-templates-LOCATION/VERSION/flex/Spanner_to_SourceDb",
     "environment": { "maxWorkers": "10" }
  }
}

Sostituisci quanto segue:

  • PROJECT_ID: l'ID del progetto Google Cloud in cui vuoi eseguire il job Dataflow
  • JOB_NAME: un nome di job univoco a tua scelta
  • VERSION: la versione del modello che vuoi utilizzare

    Puoi utilizzare i seguenti valori:

  • LOCATION: la regione in cui vuoi eseguire il deployment del job Dataflow, ad esempio us-central1
  • CHANGE_STREAM_NAME: il nome del flusso di modifiche da cui leggere
  • INSTANCE_ID: l'ID istanza Cloud Spanner.
  • DATABASE_ID: l'ID del database Cloud Spanner.
  • SPANNER_PROJECT_ID: l'ID progetto Cloud Spanner.
  • METADATA_INSTANCE: l'istanza Cloud Spanner per archiviare i metadati durante la lettura da changestream
  • METADATA_DATABASE: il database Cloud Spanner per archiviare i metadati durante la lettura da changestream
  • SOURCE_SHARDS_FILE_PATH: il percorso del file GCS contenente i dettagli del frammento di origine
Java
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2024 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
package com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates;

import static com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.constants.Constants.CASSANDRA_SOURCE_TYPE;
import static com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.constants.Constants.MYSQL_SOURCE_TYPE;

import com.google.cloud.Timestamp;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.Template;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateCategory;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateParameter;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateParameter.TemplateEnumOption;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.cdc.dlq.DeadLetterQueueManager;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.cdc.dlq.PubSubNotifiedDlqIO;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.cdc.dlq.StringDeadLetterQueueSanitizer;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.coders.FailsafeElementCoder;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.common.UncaughtExceptionLogger;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.ddl.Ddl;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.metadata.CassandraSourceMetadata;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.schema.NameAndCols;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.schema.Schema;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.schema.SpannerTable;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.shard.CassandraShard;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.shard.Shard;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.spanner.SpannerSchema;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.transformation.CustomTransformation;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.utils.CassandraConfigFileReader;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.utils.SecretManagerAccessorImpl;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.utils.SessionFileReader;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.spanner.migrations.utils.ShardFileReader;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.SpannerToSourceDb.Options;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.changestream.TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.constants.Constants;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.transforms.AssignShardIdFn;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.transforms.ConvertChangeStreamErrorRecordToFailsafeElementFn;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.transforms.ConvertDlqRecordToTrimmedShardedDataChangeRecordFn;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.transforms.FilterRecordsFn;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.transforms.PreprocessRecordsFn;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.transforms.SourceWriterTransform;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.transforms.UpdateDlqMetricsFn;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.utils.CassandraSourceSchemaReader;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.templates.utils.ShadowTableCreator;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.transforms.DLQWriteTransform;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.v2.values.FailsafeElement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.options.DataflowPipelineDebugOptions;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.options.DataflowPipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.options.DataflowPipelineWorkerPoolOptions;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.options.DataflowPipelineWorkerPoolOptions.AutoscalingAlgorithmType;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.PipelineResult;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.KvCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.SerializableCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.StringUtf8Coder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.VarLongCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileSystems;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.fs.ResolveOptions.StandardResolveOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.spanner.SpannerAccessor;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.spanner.SpannerConfig;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.spanner.SpannerIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Default;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.StreamingOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Flatten;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.MapElements;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.ParDo;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Reshuffle;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionList;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionTuple;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/** This pipeline reads Spanner Change streams data and writes them to a source DB. */
@Template(
    name = "Spanner_to_SourceDb",
    category = TemplateCategory.STREAMING,
    displayName = "Spanner Change Streams to Source Database",
    description =
        "Streaming pipeline. Reads data from Spanner Change Streams and"
            + " writes them to a source.",
    optionsClass = Options.class,
    flexContainerName = "spanner-to-sourcedb",
    contactInformation = "https://cloud.google.com/support",
    hidden = false,
    streaming = true)
public class SpannerToSourceDb {

  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpannerToSourceDb.class);

  /**
   * Options supported by the pipeline.
   *
   * <p>Inherits standard configuration options.
   */
  public interface Options extends PipelineOptions, StreamingOptions {

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 1,
        optional = false,
        description = "Name of the change stream to read from",
        helpText =
            "This is the name of the Spanner change stream that the pipeline will read from.")
    String getChangeStreamName();

    void setChangeStreamName(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 2,
        optional = false,
        description = "Cloud Spanner Instance Id.",
        helpText =
            "This is the name of the Cloud Spanner instance where the changestream is present.")
    String getInstanceId();

    void setInstanceId(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 3,
        optional = false,
        description = "Cloud Spanner Database Id.",
        helpText =
            "This is the name of the Cloud Spanner database that the changestream is monitoring")
    String getDatabaseId();

    void setDatabaseId(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.ProjectId(
        order = 4,
        optional = false,
        description = "Cloud Spanner Project Id.",
        helpText = "This is the name of the Cloud Spanner project.")
    String getSpannerProjectId();

    void setSpannerProjectId(String projectId);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 5,
        optional = false,
        description = "Cloud Spanner Instance to store metadata when reading from changestreams",
        helpText =
            "This is the instance to store the metadata used by the connector to control the"
                + " consumption of the change stream API data.")
    String getMetadataInstance();

    void setMetadataInstance(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 6,
        optional = false,
        description = "Cloud Spanner Database to store metadata when reading from changestreams",
        helpText =
            "This is the database to store the metadata used by the connector to control the"
                + " consumption of the change stream API data.")
    String getMetadataDatabase();

    void setMetadataDatabase(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 7,
        optional = true,
        description = "Changes are read from the given timestamp",
        helpText = "Read changes from the given timestamp.")
    @Default.String("")
    String getStartTimestamp();

    void setStartTimestamp(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 8,
        optional = true,
        description = "Changes are read until the given timestamp",
        helpText =
            "Read changes until the given timestamp. If no timestamp provided, reads indefinitely.")
    @Default.String("")
    String getEndTimestamp();

    void setEndTimestamp(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 9,
        optional = true,
        description = "Cloud Spanner shadow table prefix.",
        helpText = "The prefix used to name shadow tables. Default: `shadow_`.")
    @Default.String("rev_shadow_")
    String getShadowTablePrefix();

    void setShadowTablePrefix(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsReadFile(
        order = 10,
        optional = false,
        description = "Path to GCS file containing the the Source shard details",
        helpText = "Path to GCS file containing connection profile info for source shards.")
    String getSourceShardsFilePath();

    void setSourceShardsFilePath(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsReadFile(
        order = 11,
        optional = true,
        description = "Session File Path in Cloud Storage",
        helpText =
            "Session file path in Cloud Storage that contains mapping information from"
                + " HarbourBridge")
    String getSessionFilePath();

    void setSessionFilePath(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Enum(
        order = 12,
        optional = true,
        enumOptions = {@TemplateEnumOption("none"), @TemplateEnumOption("forward_migration")},
        description = "Filtration mode",
        helpText =
            "Mode of Filtration, decides how to drop certain records based on a criteria. Currently"
                + " supported modes are: none (filter nothing), forward_migration (filter records"
                + " written via the forward migration pipeline). Defaults to forward_migration.")
    @Default.String("forward_migration")
    String getFiltrationMode();

    void setFiltrationMode(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsReadFile(
        order = 13,
        optional = true,
        description = "Custom jar location in Cloud Storage",
        helpText =
            "Custom jar location in Cloud Storage that contains the customization logic"
                + " for fetching shard id.")
    @Default.String("")
    String getShardingCustomJarPath();

    void setShardingCustomJarPath(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 14,
        optional = true,
        description = "Custom class name",
        helpText =
            "Fully qualified class name having the custom shard id implementation.  It is a"
                + " mandatory field in case shardingCustomJarPath is specified")
    @Default.String("")
    String getShardingCustomClassName();

    void setShardingCustomClassName(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 15,
        optional = true,
        description = "Custom sharding logic parameters",
        helpText =
            "String containing any custom parameters to be passed to the custom sharding class.")
    @Default.String("")
    String getShardingCustomParameters();

    void setShardingCustomParameters(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 16,
        optional = true,
        description = "SourceDB timezone offset",
        helpText =
            "This is the timezone offset from UTC for the source database. Example value: +10:00")
    @Default.String("+00:00")
    String getSourceDbTimezoneOffset();

    void setSourceDbTimezoneOffset(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.PubsubSubscription(
        order = 17,
        optional = true,
        description =
            "The Pub/Sub subscription being used in a Cloud Storage notification policy for DLQ"
                + " retry directory when running in regular mode.",
        helpText =
            "The Pub/Sub subscription being used in a Cloud Storage notification policy for DLQ"
                + " retry directory when running in regular mode. The name should be in the format"
                + " of projects/<project-id>/subscriptions/<subscription-name>. When set, the"
                + " deadLetterQueueDirectory and dlqRetryMinutes are ignored.")
    String getDlqGcsPubSubSubscription();

    void setDlqGcsPubSubSubscription(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 18,
        optional = true,
        description = "Directory name for holding skipped records",
        helpText =
            "Records skipped from reverse replication are written to this directory. Default"
                + " directory name is skip.")
    @Default.String("skip")
    String getSkipDirectoryName();

    void setSkipDirectoryName(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Long(
        order = 19,
        optional = true,
        description = "Maximum connections per shard.",
        helpText = "This will come from shard file eventually.")
    @Default.Long(10000)
    Long getMaxShardConnections();

    void setMaxShardConnections(Long value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 20,
        optional = true,
        description = "Dead letter queue directory.",
        helpText =
            "The file path used when storing the error queue output. "
                + "The default file path is a directory under the Dataflow job's temp location.")
    @Default.String("")
    String getDeadLetterQueueDirectory();

    void setDeadLetterQueueDirectory(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Integer(
        order = 21,
        optional = true,
        description = "Dead letter queue maximum retry count",
        helpText =
            "The max number of times temporary errors can be retried through DLQ. Defaults to 500.")
    @Default.Integer(500)
    Integer getDlqMaxRetryCount();

    void setDlqMaxRetryCount(Integer value);

    @TemplateParameter.Enum(
        order = 22,
        optional = true,
        description = "Run mode - currently supported are : regular or retryDLQ",
        enumOptions = {@TemplateEnumOption("regular"), @TemplateEnumOption("retryDLQ")},
        helpText =
            "This is the run mode type, whether regular or with retryDLQ.Default is regular."
                + " retryDLQ is used to retry the severe DLQ records only.")
    @Default.String("regular")
    String getRunMode();

    void setRunMode(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Integer(
        order = 23,
        optional = true,
        description = "Dead letter queue retry minutes",
        helpText = "The number of minutes between dead letter queue retries. Defaults to 10.")
    @Default.Integer(10)
    Integer getDlqRetryMinutes();

    void setDlqRetryMinutes(Integer value);

    @TemplateParameter.Enum(
        order = 24,
        optional = true,
        description = "Source database type, ex: mysql",
        enumOptions = {@TemplateEnumOption("mysql"), @TemplateEnumOption("cassandra")},
        helpText = "The type of source database to reverse replicate to.")
    @Default.String("mysql")
    String getSourceType();

    void setSourceType(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsReadFile(
        order = 25,
        optional = true,
        description = "Custom transformation jar location in Cloud Storage",
        helpText =
            "Custom jar location in Cloud Storage that contains the custom transformation logic for processing records"
                + " in reverse replication.")
    @Default.String("")
    String getTransformationJarPath();

    void setTransformationJarPath(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 26,
        optional = true,
        description = "Custom class name for transformation",
        helpText =
            "Fully qualified class name having the custom transformation logic.  It is a"
                + " mandatory field in case transformationJarPath is specified")
    @Default.String("")
    String getTransformationClassName();

    void setTransformationClassName(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 27,
        optional = true,
        description = "Custom parameters for transformation",
        helpText =
            "String containing any custom parameters to be passed to the custom transformation class.")
    @Default.String("")
    String getTransformationCustomParameters();

    void setTransformationCustomParameters(String value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 28,
        optional = true,
        description = "Directory name for holding filtered records",
        helpText =
            "Records skipped from reverse replication are written to this directory. Default"
                + " directory name is skip.")
    @Default.String("filteredEvents")
    String getFilterEventsDirectoryName();

    void setFilterEventsDirectoryName(String value);
  }

  /**
   * Main entry point for executing the pipeline.
   *
   * @param args The command-line arguments to the pipeline.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    UncaughtExceptionLogger.register();

    LOG.info("Starting Spanner change streams to sink");

    Options options = PipelineOptionsFactory.fromArgs(args).withValidation().as(Options.class);

    options.setStreaming(true);

    run(options);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the pipeline with the supplied options.
   *
   * @param options The execution parameters to the pipeline.
   * @return The result of the pipeline execution.
   */
  public static PipelineResult run(Options options) {

    Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.create(options);
    pipeline
        .getOptions()
        .as(DataflowPipelineWorkerPoolOptions.class)
        .setAutoscalingAlgorithm(AutoscalingAlgorithmType.THROUGHPUT_BASED);

    // calculate the max connections per worker
    int maxNumWorkers =
        pipeline.getOptions().as(DataflowPipelineWorkerPoolOptions.class).getMaxNumWorkers() > 0
            ? pipeline.getOptions().as(DataflowPipelineWorkerPoolOptions.class).getMaxNumWorkers()
            : 1;
    int connectionPoolSizePerWorker = (int) (options.getMaxShardConnections() / maxNumWorkers);
    if (connectionPoolSizePerWorker < 1) {
      // This can happen when the number of workers is more than max.
      // This can cause overload on the source database. Error out and let the user know.
      LOG.error(
          "Max workers {} is more than max shard connections {}, this can lead to more database"
              + " connections than desired",
          maxNumWorkers,
          options.getMaxShardConnections());
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Max Dataflow workers "
              + maxNumWorkers
              + " is more than max per shard connections: "
              + options.getMaxShardConnections()
              + " this can lead to more"
              + " database connections than desired. Either reduce the max allowed workers or"
              + " incease the max shard connections");
    }

    // Read the session file for Mysql Only
    Schema schema =
        MYSQL_SOURCE_TYPE.equals(options.getSourceType())
            ? SessionFileReader.read(
                options.getSessionFilePath()) // Read from session file for MYSQL source type
            : new Schema();

    // Prepare Spanner config
    SpannerConfig spannerConfig =
        SpannerConfig.create()
            .withProjectId(ValueProvider.StaticValueProvider.of(options.getSpannerProjectId()))
            .withInstanceId(ValueProvider.StaticValueProvider.of(options.getInstanceId()))
            .withDatabaseId(ValueProvider.StaticValueProvider.of(options.getDatabaseId()));

    // Create shadow tables
    // Note that there is a limit on the number of tables that can be created per DB: 5000.
    // If we create shadow tables per shard, there will be an explosion of tables.
    // Anyway the shadow table has Spanner PK so no need to again separate by the shard
    // Lookup by the Spanner PK should be sufficient.

    // Prepare Spanner config
    SpannerConfig spannerMetadataConfig =
        SpannerConfig.create()
            .withProjectId(ValueProvider.StaticValueProvider.of(options.getSpannerProjectId()))
            .withInstanceId(ValueProvider.StaticValueProvider.of(options.getMetadataInstance()))
            .withDatabaseId(ValueProvider.StaticValueProvider.of(options.getMetadataDatabase()));

    ShadowTableCreator shadowTableCreator =
        new ShadowTableCreator(
            spannerConfig,
            spannerMetadataConfig,
            SpannerAccessor.getOrCreate(spannerMetadataConfig)
                .getDatabaseAdminClient()
                .getDatabase(
                    spannerMetadataConfig.getInstanceId().get(),
                    spannerMetadataConfig.getDatabaseId().get())
                .getDialect(),
            options.getShadowTablePrefix());

    DataflowPipelineDebugOptions debugOptions = options.as(DataflowPipelineDebugOptions.class);

    shadowTableCreator.createShadowTablesInSpanner();
    Ddl ddl = SpannerSchema.getInformationSchemaAsDdl(spannerConfig);
    List<Shard> shards;
    String shardingMode;
    if (MYSQL_SOURCE_TYPE.equals(options.getSourceType())) {
      ShardFileReader shardFileReader = new ShardFileReader(new SecretManagerAccessorImpl());
      shards = shardFileReader.getOrderedShardDetails(options.getSourceShardsFilePath());
      shardingMode = Constants.SHARDING_MODE_MULTI_SHARD;

    } else {
      CassandraConfigFileReader cassandraConfigFileReader = new CassandraConfigFileReader();
      shards = cassandraConfigFileReader.getCassandraShard(options.getSourceShardsFilePath());
      LOG.info("Cassandra config is: {}", shards.get(0));
      shardingMode = Constants.SHARDING_MODE_SINGLE_SHARD;
    }
    if (shards.size() == 1) {
      shardingMode = Constants.SHARDING_MODE_SINGLE_SHARD;
      Shard shard = shards.get(0);
      if (shard.getLogicalShardId() == null) {
        shard.setLogicalShardId(Constants.DEFAULT_SHARD_ID);
        LOG.info(
            "Logical shard id was not found, hence setting it to : " + Constants.DEFAULT_SHARD_ID);
      }
    }

    if (options.getSourceType().equals(CASSANDRA_SOURCE_TYPE)) {
      Map<String, SpannerTable> spannerTableMap =
          SpannerSchema.convertDDLTableToSpannerTable(ddl.allTables());
      Map<String, NameAndCols> spannerTableNameColsMap =
          SpannerSchema.convertDDLTableToSpannerNameAndColsTable(ddl.allTables());
      try {
        CassandraSourceMetadata cassandraSourceMetadata =
            new CassandraSourceMetadata.Builder()
                .setResultSet(
                    CassandraSourceSchemaReader.getInformationSchemaAsResultSet(
                        (CassandraShard) shards.get(0)))
                .build();
        schema =
            new Schema(
                spannerTableMap,
                null,
                cassandraSourceMetadata.getSourceTableMap(),
                spannerTableNameColsMap,
                cassandraSourceMetadata.getNameAndColsMap());
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
      }
    }

    boolean isRegularMode = "regular".equals(options.getRunMode());
    PCollectionTuple reconsumedElements = null;
    DeadLetterQueueManager dlqManager = buildDlqManager(options);

    int reshuffleBucketSize =
        maxNumWorkers
            * (debugOptions.getNumberOfWorkerHarnessThreads() > 0
                ? debugOptions.getNumberOfWorkerHarnessThreads()
                : Constants.DEFAULT_WORKER_HARNESS_THREAD_COUNT);

    if (isRegularMode) {
      reconsumedElements =
          dlqManager.getReconsumerDataTransformForFiles(
              pipeline.apply(
                  "Read retry from PubSub",
                  new PubSubNotifiedDlqIO(
                      options.getDlqGcsPubSubSubscription(),
                      // file paths to ignore when re-consuming for retry
                      new ArrayList<String>(
                          Arrays.asList(
                              "/severe/",
                              "/tmp_retry",
                              "/tmp_severe/",
                              ".temp",
                              "/tmp_skip/",
                              "/" + options.getSkipDirectoryName())))));
    } else {
      reconsumedElements =
          dlqManager.getReconsumerDataTransform(
              pipeline.apply(dlqManager.dlqReconsumer(options.getDlqRetryMinutes())));
    }

    PCollection<FailsafeElement<String, String>> dlqJsonStrRecords =
        reconsumedElements
            .get(DeadLetterQueueManager.RETRYABLE_ERRORS)
            .setCoder(FailsafeElementCoder.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), StringUtf8Coder.of()));

    PCollection<TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord> dlqRecords =
        dlqJsonStrRecords
            .apply(
                "Convert DLQ records to TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord",
                ParDo.of(new ConvertDlqRecordToTrimmedShardedDataChangeRecordFn()))
            .setCoder(SerializableCoder.of(TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord.class));
    PCollection<TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord> mergedRecords = null;
    if (isRegularMode) {
      PCollection<TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord> changeRecordsFromDB =
          pipeline
              .apply(
                  getReadChangeStreamDoFn(
                      options,
                      spannerConfig)) // This emits PCollection<DataChangeRecord> which is Spanner
              // change
              // stream data
              .apply("Reshuffle", Reshuffle.viaRandomKey())
              .apply("Filteration", ParDo.of(new FilterRecordsFn(options.getFiltrationMode())))
              .apply("Preprocess", ParDo.of(new PreprocessRecordsFn()))
              .setCoder(SerializableCoder.of(TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord.class));
      mergedRecords =
          PCollectionList.of(changeRecordsFromDB)
              .and(dlqRecords)
              .apply("Flatten", Flatten.pCollections())
              .setCoder(SerializableCoder.of(TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord.class));
    } else {
      mergedRecords = dlqRecords;
    }
    CustomTransformation customTransformation =
        CustomTransformation.builder(
                options.getTransformationJarPath(), options.getTransformationClassName())
            .setCustomParameters(options.getTransformationCustomParameters())
            .build();
    SourceWriterTransform.Result sourceWriterOutput =
        mergedRecords
            .apply(
                "AssignShardId", // This emits PCollection<KV<Long,
                // TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord>> which is Spanner change stream data with key as
                // PK
                // mod
                // number of parallelism
                ParDo.of(
                    new AssignShardIdFn(
                        spannerConfig,
                        schema,
                        ddl,
                        shardingMode,
                        shards.get(0).getLogicalShardId(),
                        options.getSkipDirectoryName(),
                        options.getShardingCustomJarPath(),
                        options.getShardingCustomClassName(),
                        options.getShardingCustomParameters(),
                        options.getMaxShardConnections()
                            * shards.size()))) // currently assuming that all shards accept the same
            .setCoder(
                KvCoder.of(
                    VarLongCoder.of(), SerializableCoder.of(TrimmedShardedDataChangeRecord.class)))
            .apply("Reshuffle2", Reshuffle.of())
            .apply(
                "Write to source",
                new SourceWriterTransform(
                    shards,
                    schema,
                    spannerMetadataConfig,
                    options.getSourceDbTimezoneOffset(),
                    ddl,
                    options.getShadowTablePrefix(),
                    options.getSkipDirectoryName(),
                    connectionPoolSizePerWorker,
                    options.getSourceType(),
                    customTransformation));

    PCollection<FailsafeElement<String, String>> dlqPermErrorRecords =
        reconsumedElements
            .get(DeadLetterQueueManager.PERMANENT_ERRORS)
            .setCoder(FailsafeElementCoder.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), StringUtf8Coder.of()));

    PCollection<FailsafeElement<String, String>> permErrorsFromSourceWriter =
        sourceWriterOutput
            .permanentErrors()
            .setCoder(StringUtf8Coder.of())
            .apply(
                "Reshuffle3", Reshuffle.<String>viaRandomKey().withNumBuckets(reshuffleBucketSize))
            .apply(
                "Convert permanent errors from source writer to DLQ format",
                ParDo.of(new ConvertChangeStreamErrorRecordToFailsafeElementFn()))
            .setCoder(FailsafeElementCoder.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), StringUtf8Coder.of()));

    PCollection<FailsafeElement<String, String>> permanentErrors =
        PCollectionList.of(dlqPermErrorRecords)
            .and(permErrorsFromSourceWriter)
            .apply(Flatten.pCollections())
            .apply("Reshuffle", Reshuffle.viaRandomKey());

    permanentErrors
        .apply("Update DLQ metrics", ParDo.of(new UpdateDlqMetricsFn(isRegularMode)))
        .apply(
            "DLQ: Write Severe errors to GCS",
            MapElements.via(new StringDeadLetterQueueSanitizer()))
        .setCoder(StringUtf8Coder.of())
        .apply(
            "Write To DLQ for severe errors",
            DLQWriteTransform.WriteDLQ.newBuilder()
                .withDlqDirectory(dlqManager.getSevereDlqDirectoryWithDateTime())
                .withTmpDirectory((options).getDeadLetterQueueDirectory() + "/tmp_severe/")
                .setIncludePaneInfo(true)
                .build());

    PCollection<FailsafeElement<String, String>> retryErrors =
        sourceWriterOutput
            .retryableErrors()
            .setCoder(StringUtf8Coder.of())
            .apply(
                "Reshuffle4", Reshuffle.<String>viaRandomKey().withNumBuckets(reshuffleBucketSize))
            .apply(
                "Convert retryable errors from source writer to DLQ format",
                ParDo.of(new ConvertChangeStreamErrorRecordToFailsafeElementFn()))
            .setCoder(FailsafeElementCoder.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), StringUtf8Coder.of()));

    retryErrors
        .apply(
            "DLQ: Write retryable Failures to GCS",
            MapElements.via(new StringDeadLetterQueueSanitizer()))
        .setCoder(StringUtf8Coder.of())
        .apply(
            "Write To DLQ for retryable errors",
            DLQWriteTransform.WriteDLQ.newBuilder()
                .withDlqDirectory(dlqManager.getRetryDlqDirectoryWithDateTime())
                .withTmpDirectory(options.getDeadLetterQueueDirectory() + "/tmp_retry/")
                .setIncludePaneInfo(true)
                .build());

    PCollection<FailsafeElement<String, String>> skippedRecords =
        sourceWriterOutput
            .skippedSourceWrites()
            .setCoder(StringUtf8Coder.of())
            .apply(
                "Reshuffle5", Reshuffle.<String>viaRandomKey().withNumBuckets(reshuffleBucketSize))
            .apply(
                "Convert skipped records from source writer to DLQ format",
                ParDo.of(new ConvertChangeStreamErrorRecordToFailsafeElementFn()))
            .setCoder(FailsafeElementCoder.of(StringUtf8Coder.of(), StringUtf8Coder.of()));

    skippedRecords
        .apply(
            "Write skipped records to GCS", MapElements.via(new StringDeadLetterQueueSanitizer()))
        .setCoder(StringUtf8Coder.of())
        .apply(
            "Writing skipped records to GCS",
            DLQWriteTransform.WriteDLQ.newBuilder()
                .withDlqDirectory(
                    options.getDeadLetterQueueDirectory() + "/" + options.getSkipDirectoryName())
                .withTmpDirectory(options.getDeadLetterQueueDirectory() + "/tmp_skip/")
                .setIncludePaneInfo(true)
                .build());

    return pipeline.run();
  }

  public static SpannerIO.ReadChangeStream getReadChangeStreamDoFn(
      Options options, SpannerConfig spannerConfig) {

    Timestamp startTime = Timestamp.now();
    if (!options.getStartTimestamp().equals("")) {
      startTime = Timestamp.parseTimestamp(options.getStartTimestamp());
    }
    SpannerIO.ReadChangeStream readChangeStreamDoFn =
        SpannerIO.readChangeStream()
            .withSpannerConfig(spannerConfig)
            .withChangeStreamName(options.getChangeStreamName())
            .withMetadataInstance(options.getMetadataInstance())
            .withMetadataDatabase(options.getMetadataDatabase())
            .withInclusiveStartAt(startTime);
    if (!options.getEndTimestamp().equals("")) {
      return readChangeStreamDoFn.withInclusiveEndAt(
          Timestamp.parseTimestamp(options.getEndTimestamp()));
    }
    return readChangeStreamDoFn;
  }

  private static DeadLetterQueueManager buildDlqManager(Options options) {
    String tempLocation =
        options.as(DataflowPipelineOptions.class).getTempLocation().endsWith("/")
            ? options.as(DataflowPipelineOptions.class).getTempLocation()
            : options.as(DataflowPipelineOptions.class).getTempLocation() + "/";
    String dlqDirectory =
        options.getDeadLetterQueueDirectory().isEmpty()
            ? tempLocation + "dlq/"
            : options.getDeadLetterQueueDirectory();
    LOG.info("Dead-letter queue directory: {}", dlqDirectory);
    options.setDeadLetterQueueDirectory(dlqDirectory);
    if ("regular".equals(options.getRunMode())) {
      return DeadLetterQueueManager.create(dlqDirectory, options.getDlqMaxRetryCount());
    } else {
      String retryDlqUri =
          FileSystems.matchNewResource(dlqDirectory, true)
              .resolve("severe", StandardResolveOptions.RESOLVE_DIRECTORY)
              .toString();
      LOG.info("Dead-letter retry directory: {}", retryDlqUri);
      return DeadLetterQueueManager.create(dlqDirectory, retryDlqUri, 0);
    }
  }
}