En esta muestra, se crea una instancia de Spot VM nueva con el sistema operativo Debian 11. Las VMs Spot son un tipo de máquina virtual que se puede interrumpir en cualquier momento, pero ofrecen un descuento significativo en comparación con las VMs normales. En esta muestra, se indica cómo crear una instancia de VM Spot con la API de Compute Engine.
Muestra de código
Python
Antes de probar esta muestra, sigue las instrucciones de configuración de Python en la Guía de inicio rápido de Compute Engine: Usa las bibliotecas cliente. Si quieres obtener más información, consulta la documentación de referencia de la API de Python de Compute Engine.
Para autenticarte en Compute Engine, configura las credenciales predeterminadas de la aplicación. Si deseas obtener más información, consulta Configura la autenticación para un entorno de desarrollo local.
from __future__ import annotations
import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings
from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1
def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
"""
Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.
Args:
project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
family: name of the image family you want to get image from.
Returns:
An Image object.
"""
image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
# List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
return newest_image
def disk_from_image(
disk_type: str,
disk_size_gb: int,
boot: bool,
source_image: str,
auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
"""
Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
source for the new disk.
Args:
disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it
Returns:
AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
"""
boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
initialize_params.source_image = source_image
initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
# Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
# your VM instance.
boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
boot_disk.boot = boot
return boot_disk
def wait_for_extended_operation(
operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
"""
Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.
If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
they will be printed to sys.stderr.
Args:
operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
used only during error and warning reporting.
timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
If None, wait indefinitely.
Returns:
Whatever the operation.result() returns.
Raises:
This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
set for the `operation`.
In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
"""
result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)
if operation.error_code:
print(
f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
file=sys.stderr,
flush=True,
)
print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)
if operation.warnings:
print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
for warning in operation.warnings:
print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
return result
def create_instance(
project_id: str,
zone: str,
instance_name: str,
disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
subnetwork_link: str = None,
internal_ip: str = None,
external_access: bool = False,
external_ipv4: str = None,
accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
preemptible: bool = False,
spot: bool = False,
instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
custom_hostname: str = None,
delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
"""
Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
Args:
project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
you want to attach to your new instance.
machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
This value uses the following format:
"regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
used subnet will be used.
external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
address assigned.
external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
be attached to the new instance.
preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
protected against deletion or not.
Returns:
Instance object.
"""
instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()
# Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
network_interface.network = network_link
if subnetwork_link:
network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link
if internal_ip:
network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip
if external_access:
access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
access.name = "External NAT"
access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
if external_ipv4:
access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
network_interface.access_configs = [access]
# Collect information into the Instance object.
instance = compute_v1.Instance()
instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
instance.name = instance_name
instance.disks = disks
if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
instance.machine_type = machine_type
else:
instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"
instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
if accelerators:
instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
)
if preemptible:
# Set the preemptible setting
warnings.warn(
"Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
)
instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
instance.scheduling.preemptible = True
if spot:
# Set the Spot VM setting
instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
)
instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action
if custom_hostname is not None:
# Set the custom hostname for the instance
instance.hostname = custom_hostname
if delete_protection:
# Set the delete protection bit
instance.deletion_protection = True
# Prepare the request to insert an instance.
request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
request.zone = zone
request.project = project_id
request.instance_resource = instance
# Wait for the create operation to complete.
print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")
operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)
wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")
print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)
def create_spot_instance(
project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
"""
Create a new Spot VM instance with Debian 10 operating system.
Args:
project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
Returns:
Instance object.
"""
newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-11")
disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, newest_debian.self_link)]
instance = create_instance(project_id, zone, instance_name, disks, spot=True)
return instance
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