A 15 de setembro de 2026, todos os ambientes do Cloud Composer 1 e do Cloud Composer 2 versão 2.0.x vão atingir o fim da vida útil planeado e não vai poder usá-los. Recomendamos que planeie a migração para o Cloud Composer 3.
Esta página explica como estabelecer ligação a uma instância do Cloud SQL que executa a base de dados do Airflow do seu ambiente do Cloud Composer e executar consultas SQL.
Por exemplo, pode querer executar consultas diretamente na base de dados do Airflow, fazer cópias de segurança da base de dados, recolher estatísticas com base no conteúdo da base de dados ou obter quaisquer outras informações personalizadas da base de dados.
Antes de começar
Execute uma consulta SQL na base de dados do Airflow
Para se ligar à base de dados do Airflow:
Crie um DAG com um ou mais operadores SQLExecuteQueryOperator. Para começar, pode usar o DAG de exemplo.
No parâmetro sql do operador, especifique a sua consulta SQL.
Acione o DAG. Por exemplo, pode fazê-lo
manualmente ou aguardar até que seja executado de acordo com um horário.
Exemplo de DAG:
importdatetimeimportosimportairflowfromairflow.providers.common.sql.operators.sqlimportSQLExecuteQueryOperatorSQL_DATABASE=os.environ["SQL_DATABASE"]withairflow.DAG("airflow_db_connection_example",start_date=datetime.datetime(2025,1,1),schedule_interval=None,catchup=False)asdag:SQLExecuteQueryOperator(task_id="run_airflow_db_query",dag=dag,conn_id="airflow_db",database=SQL_DATABASE,sql="SELECT * FROM dag LIMIT 10;",)
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-08-29 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page details how to connect to and run SQL queries on the Airflow database of your Cloud Composer 1 environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eDirectly accessing the Airflow database is discouraged; the Airflow REST API or Airflow CLI commands are the recommended alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eConnecting to the Airflow database involves creating and uploading a DAG that utilizes the \u003ccode\u003ePostgresOperator\u003c/code\u003e to specify and run the SQL query.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eAvoid adding custom tables or modifying the schema of the existing Airflow database to prevent complications.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eBacking up the environment's data should be done with snapshots instead of dumping the database.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\n[Cloud Composer 3](/composer/docs/composer-3/access-airflow-database \"View this page for Cloud Composer 3\") \\| [Cloud Composer 2](/composer/docs/composer-2/access-airflow-database \"View this page for Cloud Composer 2\") \\| **Cloud Composer 1**\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nThis page explains how to connect to a Cloud SQL instance that runs\nthe [Airflow database](/composer/docs/composer-1/environment-architecture#airflow-database) of your Cloud Composer\nenvironment and run SQL queries.\n\nFor example, you might want to run queries directly on the Airflow database,\nmake database backups, gather statistics based on the database content, or\nretrieve any other custom information from the database.\n| **Important:** We recommend to avoid directly accessing the Airflow database, if it is possible to use other approaches such as [Airflow REST API](/composer/docs/composer-1/access-airflow-api) or [Airflow CLI commands](/composer/docs/composer-1/access-airflow-cli) instead.\n\nBefore you begin **Warning:** Don't add your own custom tables to the Airflow database and don't change the schema of the Airflow database. Don't add users or databases to the Cloud SQL instance that hosts the Airflow database.\n\nRun a SQL query on the Airflow database\n\nTo connect to the Airflow database:\n\n1. Create a DAG with one or more SQLExecuteQueryOperator operators. To get\n started, you can use the example DAG.\n\n | **Caution:** Your **SQL query might run more than once** because of the DAG schedule and catchup. If you want to run the SQL query only once, set `schedule_interval` to `None`, `catchup` to `False`, and then [trigger the DAG manually](/composer/docs/composer-1/schedule-and-trigger-dags#manually).\n2. In the `sql` parameter of the operator, specify your SQL query.\n\n3. [Upload](/composer/docs/composer-1/manage-dags#add) this DAG to your environment.\n\n4. Trigger the DAG, for example, you can do it\n [manually](/composer/docs/composer-1/schedule-and-trigger-dags#manually) or wait until it runs on a schedule.\n\nExample DAG: \n\n import datetime\n import os\n\n import airflow\n from airflow.providers.common.sql.operators.sql import SQLExecuteQueryOperator\n\n SQL_DATABASE = os.environ[\"SQL_DATABASE\"]\n\n with airflow.DAG(\n \"airflow_db_connection_example\",\n start_date=datetime.datetime(2025, 1, 1),\n schedule_interval=None,\n catchup=False) as dag:\n\n SQLExecuteQueryOperator(\n task_id=\"run_airflow_db_query\",\n dag=dag,\n conn_id=\"airflow_db\",\n database=SQL_DATABASE,\n sql=\"SELECT * FROM dag LIMIT 10;\",\n )\n\nFor more information about using the SQLExecuteQueryOperator, see the\n[How-to Guide for Postgres using SQLExecuteQueryOperator](https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow-providers-postgres/stable/operators.html)\nin the Airflow documentation.\n\nDump database contents and transfer them to a bucket **Deprecated:** This approach is deprecated. Instead, use [snapshots](/composer/docs/composer-1/save-load-snapshots) to back up the environment's data, including the Airflow database contents.\n\nWhat's next\n\n- [Access Airflow REST API](/composer/docs/composer-1/access-airflow-api)\n- [Run Airflow CLI commands](/composer/docs/composer-1/access-airflow-cli)"]]
