Codelab:自動驗證 Google Workspace 網域

為什麼要自動驗證網域?

雖然 Cloud Channel API 可讓您大規模地佈建 Google Workspace 授權,但客戶仍需採取下列行動才能啟用服務。

  1. 接受《服務條款》
  2. 驗證網域擁有權
  3. 設定 MX 記錄

新建立的客戶首次存取管理控制台 (位於 admin.google.com) 時,系統會引導他們完成相關程序。

如果您有網域 DNS 記錄的程式輔助存取權 (例如,如果您將網域轉售給客戶),您可以自動執行步驟 2 和 3 來提高啟用率,因為這些步驟通常需要轉售客戶的技術知識。

本程式碼研究室說明如何使用 Site Verification API 實作這項自動化功能。

事前準備

本程式碼研究室也要求您完成工作區端對端佈建程式碼研究室

總覽

驗證 Google Workspace 授權的網域需要進行數個 API 呼叫。

自動驗證網域的步驟

網站驗證 API 並非經銷商專用。網域驗證是各種 Google 產品 (搜尋控制台、Google Ads 等) 使用的信號。如要完成這項程序,您必須將經銷商網域的超級管理員設為網域的「擁有者」,並將客戶的第一位管理員設為共同擁有者。如要進一步瞭解這些概念,請參閱「開始使用 Site Verification API」頁面。

步驟 1:為網站驗證 API 做好準備

  • 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「API 程式庫」部分,啟用「網站驗證 API」
  • 使用經銷商網域的超級管理員帳戶前往網域層級委派頁面
    • 在服務帳戶所在的資料列中,按一下「編輯」
    • 在「OAuth 範圍」欄位中輸入 https://www.googleapis.com/auth/siteverification
    • 按一下 [授權]。
  • 安裝 Site Verification API 用戶端程式庫

步驟 2:取得驗證權杖

這個程式碼研究室將著重於驗證網域最常見的方式:使用 TXT DNS 記錄。網站驗證 API 支援其他驗證方法

如要擷取您要放置為 TXT 記錄的符記,您必須取得 type=INET_DOMAINverificationMethod=DNS_TXT 的符記。

在下列程式碼中,使用您的資訊填入這些變數。

  • jsonKeyFile建立服務帳戶時產生的 JSON 金鑰檔案路徑。
  • resellerAdminUser:經銷商網域超級管理員的電子郵件地址。
  • customerDomain:最終客戶的網域。如果您要在測試版 Partner Sales Console 上執行本程式碼研究室,請務必確保網域遵循網域命名慣例。

C#

使用下列匯入功能:

using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Services;
using Google.Apis.SiteVerification.v1;
using Google.Apis.SiteVerification.v1.Data;

建立 API 用戶端並擷取權杖:

// Set up credentials with user impersonation
ICredential credential = GoogleCredential.FromFile(jsonKeyFile)
                             .CreateScoped("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/siteverification")
                             .CreateWithUser(resellerAdminUser);

// Create the API service
var verificationService = new SiteVerificationService(new BaseClientService.Initializer{
    HttpClientInitializer = credential,
});

// Fetch the token
var request = new SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest {
  VerificationMethod = "DNS_TXT",
  Site = new SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest.SiteData {
    Type = "INET_DOMAIN",
    Identifier = customerDomain
  }
};
var response = verificationService.WebResource.GetToken(request).Execute();
string token = response.Token;
Console.WriteLine("Site Verification token: " + token);

Go

使用下列匯入功能:

import (
  "context"
  "fmt"
  "os"

  "golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
  "google.golang.org/api/option"
  "google.golang.org/api/siteverification/v1"
)

建立 API 用戶端並擷取權杖:

ctx := context.Background()

// Set up credentials with user impersonation
jsonKey, _ := os.ReadFile(jsonKeyFile)
jwt, _ := google.JWTConfigFromJSON(jsonKey, "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/siteverification")
jwt.Subject = resellerAdminUser
tokenSource := jwt.TokenSource(ctx)

// Create the API Service
verificationService, _ := siteverification.NewService(ctx, option.WithTokenSource(tokenSource))

// Fetch the token
req := &siteverification.SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest{
  Site: &siteverification.SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequestSite{
    Type:       "INET_DOMAIN",
    Identifier: customerDomain,
  },
  VerificationMethod: "DNS_TXT",
}
res, _ := verificationService.WebResource.GetToken(req).Do()
token := res.Token
fmt.Println("Site verification token: " + token)

Java

使用下列匯入功能:

import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.ServiceAccountCredentials;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.siteVerification.SiteVerification;
import com.google.api.services.siteVerification.SiteVerificationScopes;
import com.google.api.services.siteVerification.model.SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest;
import com.google.api.services.siteVerification.model.SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenResponse;
import com.google.api.services.siteVerification.model.SiteVerificationWebResourceResource;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;

建立 API 用戶端並擷取權杖:

// Set up credentials with user impersonation
FileInputStream jsonKeyFileSteam = new FileInputStream(JSON_KEY_FILE);
GoogleCredentials credentials = ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(jsonKeyFileSteam)
                                    .createScoped("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/siteverification")
                                    .createDelegated(RESELLER_ADMIN_USER);

// Create the API service
SiteVerification verificationService = new SiteVerification.Builder(
    GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
    JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
    new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credentials)).build();

// Fetch the token
SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest request =
    new SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest()
        .setVerificationMethod("DNS_TXT")
        .setSite(new SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest.Site()
            .setType("INET_DOMAIN")
            .setIdentifier(CUSTOMER_DOMAIN));
SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenResponse response =
    verificationService.webResource().getToken(request).execute();
String token = response.getToken();
System.out.println("Site Verification token: " + token);

Node.js

使用以下匯入功能:

const {google} = require('googleapis');

建立 API 用戶端並擷取權杖:

// Set up credentials with user impersonation
const authJWT = new JWT({
  keyFile: jsonKeyFile,
  scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/siteverification'],
  subject: resellerAdminUser,
});

// Create the API service
const verificationService = google.siteVerification({version: 'v1', auth: authJWT});

// Fetch the token
const { data } = await verificationService.webResource.getToken({
  requestBody: {
    site: {
      type: 'INET_DOMAIN',
      identifier: customerDomain,
    },
    verificationMethod: 'DNS_TXT',
  }
});
const token = data.token;
console.log(`Site Verification token: ${token}`);

PHP

建立 API 用戶端並擷取權杖:

// Set up credentials with user impersonation
$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setAuthConfig($JSON_KEY_FILE);
$client->setSubject($RESELLER_ADMIN_USER);
$client->setScopes('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/siteverification');

// Create the API service
$verificationService = new Google_Service_SiteVerification($client);

// Fetch the token
$request = new Google_Service_SiteVerification_SiteVerificationWebResourceGettokenRequest([
  'verificationMethod' => 'DNS_TXT',
  'site' => [
    'type' => 'INET_DOMAIN',
    'identifier' => $CUSTOMER_DOMAIN
  ]
]);
$response = $verificationService->webResource->getToken($request);
$token = $response->token;
print 'Site Verification token: ' . $token . PHP_EOL;

Python

使用下列匯入功能:

from google.oauth2 import service_account
from apiclient.discovery import build

建立 API 用戶端並擷取權杖:

# Set up credentials with user impersonation
credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
    JSON_KEY_FILE, scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/siteverification"])
credentials_delegated = credentials.with_subject(RESELLER_ADMIN_USER)

# Create the API service
verification_service = build(serviceName="siteVerification", version="v1",
    credentials=credentials_delegated)

# Fetch the token
response = verification_service.webResource().getToken(
  body={
    "site": {
      "type": "INET_DOMAIN",
      "identifier": CUSTOMER_DOMAIN
    },
    "verificationMethod": "DNS_TXT"
  }).execute()
token = response["token"]
print("Site Verification token: " + token)

步驟 3:放置驗證權杖

編寫程式碼,將權杖新增為客戶網域的 DNS 記錄中的 TXT 記錄。

如果是新網域,現在正是設定 Gmail 所需MX記錄的最佳時機。

步驟 4:觸發網域驗證

將符記設為 TXT 記錄後,您就可以呼叫 Site Verification API 觸發驗證程序。方法是呼叫 webResource.insert()

如果找不到預期的權杖,呼叫就會失敗,並傳回 400 錯誤。您可以實作指數遞減重試策略,直到呼叫成功為止,以彌補 DNS 傳播延遲。

如果呼叫傳回的結果沒有錯誤,Site Verification API 會視為網域已完成驗證,且 webResourceowners 欄位中的任何電子郵件地址都是已驗證的擁有者。

驗證狀態可能需要約 3 小時才會套用到客戶的 Google Workspace 帳戶。您可以將客戶的管理員 (在呼叫 provisionCloudIdentity 時建立) 設為 webResourceowner,藉此強制立即套用狀態。

C#

// Set the customer's admin user as an owner to make sure the domain
// verification status is instantly propagated to the Workspace account
string[] owners = { "admin@" + customerDomain };

var resource = new SiteVerificationWebResourceResource {
  Site = new SiteVerificationWebResourceResource.SiteData {
    Type = "INET_DOMAIN",
    Identifier = customerDomain
  },
  Owners = owners
};

resource = verificationService.WebResource.Insert(resource, "DNS_TXT").Execute();
Console.WriteLine("=== Domain has been verified");

Go

// Set the customer's admin user as an owner to make sure the domain
// verification status is instantly propagated to the Workspace account
resource := &siteverification.SiteVerificationWebResourceResource{
  Site: &siteverification.SiteVerificationWebResourceResourceSite{
    Type:       "INET_DOMAIN",
    Identifier: customerDomain,
  },
  Owners: []string{"admin@" + customerDomain},
}
resource, err := verificationService.WebResource.Insert("DNS_TXT", resource).Do()
if err != nil {
  fmt.Println(err)
} else {
  fmt.Println("=== Domain has been verified")
}

Java

// Set the customer's admin user as an owner to make sure the domain
// verification status is instantly propagated to the Workspace account
SiteVerificationWebResourceResource resource =
    new SiteVerificationWebResourceResource()
        .setSite(new SiteVerificationWebResourceResource.Site()
            .setIdentifier(CUSTOMER_DOMAIN)
            .setType("INET_DOMAIN"))
        .setOwners(Arrays.asList("admin@" + CUSTOMER_DOMAIN));

resource = verificationService.webResource().insert("DNS_TXT", resource).execute();
System.out.println("=== Domain has been verified");

Node.js

// Set the customer's admin user as an owner to make sure the domain
// verification status is instantly propagated to the Workspace account
await verificationService.webResource.insert({
  verificationMethod: 'DNS_TXT',
  requestBody: {
    site: {
      type: 'INET_DOMAIN',
      identifier: customerDomain,
    },
    owners: [`admin@${customerDomain}`],
  }
});
console.log('=== Domain has been verified');

PHP

// Set the customer's admin user as an owner to make sure the domain
// verification status is instantly propagated to the Workspace account
$resource = new Google_Service_SiteVerification_SiteVerificationWebResourceResource([
  'site' => [
    'type' => 'INET_DOMAIN',
    'identifier' => $CUSTOMER_DOMAIN,
  ],
  'owners' => ['admin@' . $CUSTOMER_DOMAIN]
]);

$resource = $verificationService->webResource->insert('DNS_TXT', $resource);
print '=== Domain has been verified' . PHP_EOL;

Python

# Set the customer's admin user as an owner to make sure the domain
# verification status is instantly propagated to the Workspace account
resource = verification_service.webResource().insert(
  verificationMethod="DNS_TXT",
  body={
    "site": {
      "type": "INET_DOMAIN",
      "identifier": CUSTOMER_DOMAIN
    },
    "owners": ["admin@" + CUSTOMER_DOMAIN]
  }).execute()
print("=== Domain has been verified")