Direcciones IP salientes para servicios de App Engine
Organiza tus páginas con colecciones
Guarda y categoriza el contenido según tus preferencias.
Los servicios salientes, como las API de recuperación de URL, Sockets y Correo electrónico, usan un gran conjunto de direcciones IP. Los rangos de direcciones IP en este grupo están sujetos a cambios de rutina. De hecho, puede parecer que dos llamadas a la API secuenciales desde la misma aplicación se originan en dos direcciones IP diferentes.
Si necesitas conocer las direcciones IP asociadas con el tráfico saliente de tu servicio, puedes buscar los rangos de direcciones IP actuales de tu servicio o configurar una dirección IP estática para el servicio.
Direcciones IP para servicios de App Engine
Puedes encontrar los rangos de direcciones IP actuales para tus servicios de App Engine en función de la información del rango de IP que Google publica:
Google publica la lista completa de rangos de IP que pone a disposición de los usuarios en Internet, en goog.json.
Google también publica una lista de los rangos de direcciones IP externas internacionales y regionales disponibles para los recursos de los clientes en cloud.json. Google Cloud
Las direcciones IP que usan las API y los servicios de Google se ajustan a la lista de rangos calculados si se quitan todos los rangos en cloud.json de los que están en goog.json. Estas listas se actualizan con frecuencia.
Puedes usar la siguiente secuencia de comandos de Python para crear una lista de rangos de direcciones IP que incluyan los que usan las APIs y los servicios de Google.
Para obtener información sobre cómo ejecutar esta secuencia de comandos, consulta Cómo ejecutar.
from__future__importprint_functionimportjsontry:fromurllibimporturlopenexceptImportError:fromurllib.requestimporturlopenfromurllib.errorimportHTTPErrorimportnetaddrIPRANGE_URLS={"goog":"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/goog.json","cloud":"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/cloud.json",}defread_url(url):try:returnjson.loads(urlopen(url).read())except(IOError,HTTPError):print("ERROR: Invalid HTTP response from %s"%url)exceptjson.decoder.JSONDecodeError:print("ERROR: Could not parse HTTP response from %s"%url)defget_data(link):data=read_url(link)ifdata:print("{} published: {}".format(link,data.get("creationTime")))cidrs=netaddr.IPSet()foreindata["prefixes"]:if"ipv4Prefix"ine:cidrs.add(e.get("ipv4Prefix"))if"ipv6Prefix"ine:cidrs.add(e.get("ipv6Prefix"))returncidrsdefmain():cidrs={group:get_data(link)forgroup,linkinIPRANGE_URLS.items()}iflen(cidrs)!=2:raiseValueError("ERROR: Could process data from Google")print("IP ranges for Google APIs and services default domains:")foripin(cidrs["goog"]-cidrs["cloud"]).iter_cidrs():print(ip)if__name__=="__main__":main()
Configura una dirección IP saliente estática
A fin de configurar una dirección IP estática para tu servicio de entorno estándar de App Engine, usa el Acceso a VPC sin servidores con Cloud Router y Cloud NAT. Mediante el Acceso a VPC sin servidores, puedes enviar tráfico de salida a la red de nube privada virtual (VPC). Si usas una puerta de enlace de traducción de direcciones de red (NAT) en tu VPC, puedes enrutar el tráfico de App Engine a través de una dirección IP dedicada.
Enrutar el tráfico a través de Cloud NAT no produce un salto adicional en tu pila de herramientas de redes, ya que Cloud Router y la puerta de enlace de Cloud NAT proporcionan solo un plano de control, y los paquetes no pasan por ninguno de ellos.
Las direcciones IP salientes estáticas no se pueden configurar para el tráfico enviado con el servicio de recuperación de URL. El tráfico que se envía mediante el servicio de recuperación de URL seguirá usando el grupo de direcciones IP públicas. Si deseas que todo tu tráfico saliente use una dirección IP estática, inhabilita la recuperación predeterminada de URL y descontinúa el uso explícito de la biblioteca urlfetch.
En los siguientes pasos, se muestra cómo configurar una dirección IP saliente estática para el servicio del entorno estándar de App Engine.
Asegúrate de tener la función roles/compute.networkAdmin o una función personalizada con los mismos permisos.
Crea una subred dentro de tu red de VPC para el tráfico de App Engine. Esto garantiza que otros recursos de la red de VPC no puedan usar la dirección IP estática.
En el comando anterior, reemplaza los siguientes valores:
ROUTER_NAME por un nombre para el recurso de Cloud Router que deseas crear
NETWORK_NAME por el nombre de la red de VPC
REGION por la región en la que deseas crear una puerta de enlace NAT
Reserva una dirección IP estática.
Esta es la dirección que usará tu servicio para enviar tráfico saliente. Un recurso de dirección IP reservada retiene la dirección IP subyacente cuando el recurso al que está asociado se borra y se vuelve a crear. Esta dirección IP se considera dentro de las cuotas de direcciones IP estáticas de tu proyecto de Google Cloud .
En el comando anterior, reemplaza los siguientes valores:
ORIGIN_IP_NAME por el nombre que deseas asignar al recurso de dirección IP
REGION por la región en la que se ejecutará el router de Cloud NAT. Lo ideal sería que el router esté en la misma región en la que está tu servicio de App Engine para minimizar la latencia y los costos de red.
De forma predeterminada, los servicios de App Engine que usan el Acceso a VPC sin servidores solo envían tráfico interno a tu red de VPC. Para enviar tráfico con destinos externos a tu red de VPC a fin de que tenga la dirección IP estática que especificaste, debes cambiar el parámetro de configuración de salida.
Especifica el parámetro de configuración de salida en el archivo app.yaml del servicio:
[[["Fácil de comprender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Resolvió mi problema","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Otro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Información o código de muestra incorrectos","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Faltan la información o los ejemplos que necesito","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema de traducción","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Otro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última actualización: 2025-09-04 (UTC)"],[[["\u003cp\u003eOutbound traffic from App Engine services uses a pool of IP addresses that change routinely, and sequential API calls might originate from different IP addresses.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can find the current IP address ranges for your App Engine services from two Google-published lists: \u003ccode\u003egoog.json\u003c/code\u003e for all Google IPs and \u003ccode\u003ecloud.json\u003c/code\u003e for Google Cloud resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo use a static IP address for your App Engine service's outbound traffic, configure Serverless VPC Access with Cloud Router and Cloud NAT.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eSetting up a static outbound IP involves creating a subnet, connecting your service to it, creating a Cloud Router, reserving a static IP, and then creating a Cloud NAT gateway, with the caveat that URL Fetch services cannot use this method.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eAfter setting up the correct cloud components, the egress setting must be changed to \u003ccode\u003eall-traffic\u003c/code\u003e in your \u003ccode\u003eapp.yaml\u003c/code\u003e to ensure all external traffic is sent through your VPC network.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Outbound IP addresses for App Engine services\n\nOutbound services, such as the URL Fetch, Sockets, and Mail APIs, make use of\na large pool of IP addresses. The IP address ranges in this pool are subject to\nroutine changes. In fact, two sequential API calls from the same application may\nappear to originate from two different IP addresses.\n\n\nIf you need to know the IP addresses associated with outbound traffic from your\nservice, you can either find the current IP address ranges for your service, or\nset up a static IP address for your service.\n\nIP addresses for App Engine services\n------------------------------------\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nYou can find the current IP address ranges for your App Engine services\nbased on IP range information that Google publishes:\n\n- Google publishes the complete list of IP ranges that it makes available to\n users on the internet in [goog.json](https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/goog.json).\n\n- Google also publishes a list of global and regional external IP addresses\n ranges available for customers' Google Cloud resources in\n [cloud.json](https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/cloud.json).\n\nThe IP addresses used by Google APIs and services fit\nwithin the list of ranges computed by taking away all ranges in `cloud.json`\nfrom those in `goog.json`. These lists are updated frequently.\n\nYou can use the following Python script to create a list of IP address ranges\nthat include those used by Google APIs and services.\n\nFor information about running this script, see [How to\nrun](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/networking-tools-python/tree/main/tools/cidr#how-to-run). \n\n from __future__ import print_function\n\n import json\n\n try:\n from urllib import urlopen\n except ImportError:\n from urllib.request import urlopen\n from urllib.error import HTTPError\n\n import netaddr\n\n IPRANGE_URLS = {\n \"goog\": \"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/goog.json\",\n \"cloud\": \"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/cloud.json\",\n }\n\n\n def read_url(url):\n try:\n return json.loads(urlopen(url).read())\n except (IOError, HTTPError):\n print(\"ERROR: Invalid HTTP response from %s\" % url)\n except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:\n print(\"ERROR: Could not parse HTTP response from %s\" % url)\n\n\n def get_data(link):\n data = read_url(link)\n if data:\n print(\"{} published: {}\".format(link, data.get(\"creationTime\")))\n cidrs = netaddr.IPSet()\n for e in data[\"prefixes\"]:\n if \"ipv4Prefix\" in e:\n cidrs.add(e.get(\"ipv4Prefix\"))\n if \"ipv6Prefix\" in e:\n cidrs.add(e.get(\"ipv6Prefix\"))\n return cidrs\n\n\n def main():\n cidrs = {group: get_data(link) for group, link in IPRANGE_URLS.items()}\n if len(cidrs) != 2:\n raise ValueError(\"ERROR: Could process data from Google\")\n print(\"IP ranges for Google APIs and services default domains:\")\n for ip in (cidrs[\"goog\"] - cidrs[\"cloud\"]).iter_cidrs():\n print(ip)\n\n\n if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n main()\n\n| **Note:** In the past, Google Cloud published a list of IP address ranges in the `_spf.google.com` DNS TXT record (and the records it referenced). While this DNS TXT record continues to be accurate for [SPF\n| purposes](https://support.google.com/a/answer/33786), it does not contain the complete set of possible IP address ranges used by Google APIs and services.\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nSet up a static outbound IP address\n-----------------------------------\n\nTo set up a static IP address for your App Engine standard environment service, use\n[Serverless VPC Access](/vpc/docs/serverless-vpc-access)\nwith Cloud Router and [Cloud NAT](/nat/docs). By using\nServerless VPC Access, you can send egress traffic to your\nVirtual Private Cloud (VPC) network. By using a network address\ntranslation (NAT) gateway on your VPC, you can route\nthe App Engine traffic through a dedicated IP address.\n\nRouting your traffic through Cloud NAT does not cause an additional hop in\nyour networking stack since the Cloud NAT gateway and the Cloud Router\nprovide only a control plane and the packets do not pass through the\nCloud NAT gateway or the Cloud Router.\n\n\nStatic outbound IP addresses cannot be configured for traffic sent using the\nURL Fetch service. Traffic sent using the URL Fetch service will continue to use\nthe public IP address pool. If you want all of your outbound traffic to use a\nstatic IP address,\n[disable the URL Fetch default](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/sockets#making_httplib_use_sockets)\nand discontinue any explicit use of the `urlfetch` library.\n| **Note:** Serverless VPC Access and Cloud NAT can both incur costs. Review [Serverless VPC Access pricing](/vpc/pricing#serverless-vpc-pricing) and [Cloud NAT pricing](/vpc/network-pricing#nat-pricing).\n\nThe following steps show how to set up a static outbound IP address for your\nApp Engine standard environment service.\n\n1. Make sure that you have the\n [roles/compute.networkAdmin](/iam/docs/understanding-roles#compute-engine-roles)\n role or a custom role with the same permissions.\n\n2. Create a subnetwork (subnet) inside your VPC network for\n App Engine traffic. This ensures that other resources in your\n VPC network cannot use the static IP address.\n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute networks subnets create SUBNET_NAME \\\n --range=RANGE \\\n --network=NETWORK_NAME \\\n --region=REGION\n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSUBNET_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with a name you want to give to the subnet.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eRANGE\u003c/var\u003e with the [IP range](/vpc/docs/subnets#manually_created_subnet_ip_ranges) in CIDR format you want to assign to this subnet (e.g. `10.124.0.0/28`)\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eNETWORK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your VPC network.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region of your App Engine service.\n3. Connect your App Engine service to the subnet.\n\n Follow the guide\n [Connecting to a VPC network](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/connecting-vpc),\n and specify the name of the subnet you created in the previous step for the\n connector subnet.\n4. Create a new Cloud Router. Cloud Router is a necessary control plane\n component for Cloud NAT.\n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute routers create ROUTER_NAME \\\n --network=NETWORK_NAME \\\n --region=REGION\n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eROUTER_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with a name for the Cloud Router resource you want to create.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eNETWORK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your VPC network.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region in which you want to create a NAT gateway.\n5. Reserve a static IP address.\n\n This is the address that your service will use to send outgoing traffic. A\n reserved IP address resource retains the underlying IP address when the\n resource it is associated with is deleted and re-created. This IP address\n counts towards the static IP address quotas in your Google Cloud project. \n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute addresses create ORIGIN_IP_NAME \\\n --region=REGION\n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eORIGIN_IP_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name you want to assign to the IP address resource.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region that will run the Cloud NAT router. Ideally the same region as your App Engine service to minimize latency and network costs.\n\n Use the [`compute addresses describe` command](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/addresses/describe)\n to view the result: \n\n ```\n gcloud compute addresses describe ORIGIN_IP_NAME\n ```\n6. Create a Cloud NAT gateway and specify your IP address.\n\n Traffic originating from your subnet will go through this gateway and use\n the static IP address that you reserved in the previous step. \n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute routers nats create NAT_NAME \\\n --router=ROUTER_NAME \\\n --region=REGION \\\n --nat-custom-subnet-ip-ranges=SUBNET_NAME \\\n --nat-external-ip-pool=ORIGIN_IP_NAME\n \n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eNAT_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with a name for the Cloud NAT gateway resource you want to create.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eROUTER_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your Cloud Router.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region in which you want to create a NAT gateway.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eORIGIN_IP_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of the reserved IP address resource you created in the previous step.\n7. Set the Serverless VPC Access\n [egress setting](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/connecting-vpc#egress)\n to `all-traffic`.\n\n By default, App Engine services that use\n Serverless VPC Access only send internal traffic to your\n VPC network. In order to send traffic with external\n destinations to your VPC network so that it will have the\n static IP address that you specified, you must change the egress setting.\n\n\n Specify the egress setting in the\n [`app.yaml`](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/config/appref)\n file for your service:\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n ```yaml\n vpc_access_connector:\n name: projects/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e/locations/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e/connectors/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eCONNECTOR_NAME\u003c/var\u003e\n egress_setting: all-traffic\n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n Replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e with your Google Cloud project ID.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region your connector is in.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eCONNECTOR_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your connector.\n\n Deploy the service: \n\n ```bash\n gcloud app deploy\n ```"]]
